亚洲免费av电影一区二区三区,日韩爱爱视频,51精品视频一区二区三区,91视频爱爱,日韩欧美在线播放视频,中文字幕少妇AV,亚洲电影中文字幕,久久久久亚洲av成人网址,久久综合视频网站,国产在线不卡免费播放

        ?

        The Sexual Discrimination Reflected in the Chinese and English Appellation

        2017-03-02 23:48:55田皓月
        科學(xué)與財(cái)富 2016年21期

        田皓月

        Abstract:Sexism,which reflects in many aspects of our life, such as job hunting, family roles, and social position, has been existing for many years. This thesis tries to investigate sexism reflected in English and Chinese appellations. The purpose is to disclose the common features of Chinese and English language that suggest the socially unjust attitudes towards women. This passage will help people have a better understanding that language is a mirror of the society.

        Key words: sexism; language; womens movement; reasons

        I. Introduction

        In dictionary, sexism refers to “prejudice, stereotyping, or discrimination, especially against women, on the basis of sex”. In English, a person of unknown sex is referred to as “he” or “him” rather than “she” or “her”. A person who holds a meeting is called “chairman”, even if she is a woman. We can use “man” to refer to the human being instead of “women”. Masculine words are always put forward when occurred with the feminine words, for instance, “husband and wife”,“father and mother”, etc. Whats more, masculine words often bear positive connotations, conveying power, prestige, and leadership. Feminine words, however, is more often have negative connotations which represent weakness and subordination. This is especially reflected in Chinese .For example,“婦人之見”,“紅顏禍水”,“拙荊”.

        II. Reasons from Historical, Social and Cultural Perspectives

        In western world, the creation of men by the Lord God in Bible provides not only the religious and conceptual ground for the everlasting idea that man is the master of woman, but also an association point of sex difference in language. Since the God first made Adam, and Eve was the “bone and flesh” of Adam, the masculine should be put in the first place in the “gender” category and womans language should be subordinate to mans.

        It is undeniable that China has a long history of more than 5,000 years when the brilliant civilization was produced; however, unfortunately, this is also a period when Chinese women had been tortured socially and spiritually.

        The origin of sexism can be traced to the prehistoric times .At that time, the society was very backward and people mainly live on hunting. Because men were more muscular, they played the role as hunters. Women were involved in gathering foods and caring for the children and home. Although the sex role of men and women were quite different, one was not valued over the other.

        III. Reflection of Sexual Discrimination in Appellation

        A. Name Addresses

        The custom in western world to give names is that the name to be chosen often reflects the childs sex. Women are expected to play a passive role while men an active one. For example, girls are often given the names related to beauty, like Susana, Ruth, Lily, etc. While for men, it always carries the meaning of braveness, and the massager of God, like Donald, John, Alexander, etc. Sometimes women are often identified as something to be eaten. “Cute tomato, dish, peach, sharp cookie, sugar and sweet-pie” are some pet names for women. The active-passive contrast has also been shown in animal terms use to describe males and females. Males are referred to as studs ,wolves, bucks, which all have aggressive roles, but females have such pet names as kitten, bunny, beaver, bird, lamb and fox.

        B. Professional Titles and Terms

        Also contributing to the invisibility of women is the existence of lexical gaps in relation to nouns indicating professions and occupations. To be exact, female counterparts are often absent in relation to the more prestigious occupations (doctor, lawyer, judge and profession) to which women could not get accessed easily, or to occupations with strong male associations (pilot, bricklayer, officer, sailor).Therefore womens occupational terms often need deriving from masculine ones by putting lady, woman, girl or female before them or by adding feminist suffixes, which often coincide with obvious diminutives.

        In Chinese, “female”(女) is added in front of some terms for occupations that have traditionally been male-dominated, such as “authoress”(女作家), “policewoman”(女警察)In Song Dynasty, the female members of famous “General Yangs army”(楊家將)are called “female members of General Yangs army”(楊門女將)to distinguish them from those male members.

        IV. Evolution and Revolution

        Language is the reflection of the society and it also can influence the society, so we should not neglect the importance of language. Today, one of the important human movements is feminist, which is the movement to eliminate sexism and achieve the equality between men and women. One of the results of the movement is the growing awareness of sexism in language .More and more people want to avoid language which is thought to discriminate women, and expressions which encourage stereotypical images of men and women, and opportunities legislation requires employers to offer a job without requiring that applicants for it should be a particular sex. Now there have appeared gender—neutralization and creation of woman—concerned language.

        V. Conclusion

        It is shown from above that although men and women of the same ethnic group, same society, and same nationality speak the same language, they do speak differently. The sex derogation can be found in many aspects of language. There really exists such kind of language variation in both English and Chinese language. Whether from the language used toward women and the way women speak, there both exists sexism. Women talk in a polite, tender, obedient way to please men in order to improve their status in society. The factors contributed to this phenomenon are various, with the combination of historical, social and cultural factors, the significant ones, and the biological factor, the essential one. Feminism has been one of the main social movements since 1960s, and there is no doubt that this movement will continue in this century. Its influence is felt in many societies around the world and in many spheres of life .The womens or feminist movement strives ,among other things, for the elimination of gender discrimination, and for the greater recognition of womens contribution to society, it also aims to change many cultural and social practices that perpetuate patriarchal value systems. Language was and is seen by many feminists as a powerful instrument of patriarchy.

        国产精品无码无卡无需播放器| 亚洲AV色欲色欲WWW| 亚洲中文字幕黄色小视频| 亚洲av激情一区二区| 白嫩少妇在线喷水18禁| 蜜桃视频国产一区二区| 色偷偷偷久久伊人大杳蕉 | 白白在线视频免费观看嘛| 国产精品久久久久久av| 国产一女三男3p免费视频| 久久久AV无码精品免费| 少妇人妻偷人中文字幕| 国产一区二区黄色录像| 久久夜色精品国产欧美乱| 亚洲av日韩av综合aⅴxxx| 日本高清一区二区三区在线 | 成人午夜特黄aaaaa片男男| 免费看黄色电影| 国产91 对白在线播放九色| 日韩中文字幕一区在线| 蜜桃av精品一区二区三区| 久久久久久伊人高潮影院| 国产欧美日韩图片一区二区| 亚洲精品大全中文字幕| 欧美日韩在线视频一区| 中文乱码人妻系列一区二区| 精品丝袜一区二区三区性色| 91精品国产在热久久| 特级无码毛片免费视频尤物| 中文人妻无码一区二区三区| 91人妻一区二区三区蜜臀| 亚洲av无码一区东京热| 欧美性videos高清精品| 国产精品女同久久久久久| 国产视频一区二区在线免费观看 | 小13箩利洗澡无码免费视频| 女同一区二区三区在线观看| 日韩放荡少妇无码视频| 精品 无码 国产观看| 国产av大片在线观看| 久久精品国产亚洲av不卡国产|