文/王逢鑫

論“圈子”

文/王逢鑫

在當(dāng)代社會(huì)，人群中存在各種各樣的圈子。“朋友圈”就是一例，現(xiàn)已成為國(guó)人最重要的網(wǎng)絡(luò)社交平臺(tái)?！叭Α钡脑x是指一種“環(huán)狀物”?！叭ψ印被颉叭Α钡谋扔饕饬x是“具有相同愛(ài)好、興趣或者為了某個(gè)特定目的而聯(lián)系在一起的人群”，英語(yǔ)可以譯為circle。例如：

1. You can refer to a group of people as a circle when they meet each other regularly because they are friends or because they belong to the same profession or share the same interests. 假若一群人因?yàn)槭桥笥鸦蛞驗(yàn)閷儆谙嗤瑢I(yè)或擁有相同興趣而定期聚會(huì)，可以稱這群人為一個(gè)“圈子”。

2. The white-collar workers of the company shut the newcomer from their circle. 這個(gè)公司的白領(lǐng)們把新人排除在他們的圈子之外。

“家庭圈子”或“親屬圈子”，英語(yǔ)可以譯為family circle。例如：

3. The young woman can be unbent only in her family circle. 這個(gè)年輕女子只有在家庭圈子里才能輕松自如。

“朋友圈”，英語(yǔ)可以譯為circle of friends。例如：

4. You can expand your circle of friends if you often go out to take part in social activities. 經(jīng)常出去參加社交活動(dòng)，就能擴(kuò)大自己的朋友圈。

“社交圈”，英語(yǔ)可以譯為social circle、circle of society、social group。例如:

5. He has got some reputation in his social circle. 他在他的社交圈里已經(jīng)有點(diǎn)兒名聲了。

“讀者圈”，英語(yǔ)可以譯為circle of readers、reading circle。例如：

6. The writer’s new novel has reached a wide circle of readers.這位作家的新小說(shuō)已擁有廣泛的讀者圈。

“娛樂(lè)圈”，英語(yǔ)可以譯為entertainment circle。例如：

7. The entertainment circle is a complicate human society, which is very suitable for his character. 娛樂(lè)圈是一個(gè)江湖，非常適合他的性格。

“圈子”或“圈”在表示“職業(yè)或工作相同的一些社會(huì)成員的總體”時(shí)，亦作“界”，英語(yǔ)可以譯為circles。“圈”與“界”的細(xì)微區(qū)別在于：前者隱含非正式、從個(gè)體考慮和屬于口語(yǔ)等意思；后者隱含正式、從總體考慮和屬于書面語(yǔ)等意思。例如：

8. The scientist is well known in the academic circles. 這位科學(xué)家在學(xué)術(shù)圈/界很有名。

9. The newspaper has as many as two million readers in political and business circles. 這家報(bào)紙?jiān)谡倘?界的讀者多達(dá)200萬(wàn)。

ring的原義是“an object in the shape of a circle with a large hole in the middle”，即“環(huán)狀物”，其比喻意義是“a group of people who work together, often dishonestly, secretly or illegally in business or crime for their own advantage”或“a combination of people for some selfish or unlawful purpose”，相當(dāng)于“幫”“團(tuán)伙”，或帶有貶義的“圈”。例如：

10. In April, 62 alleged members of the telecom fraud ring that had been operating in Uganda, including 10 from Taiwan, were brought back to the Chinese mainland. 四月，一直在烏干達(dá)活動(dòng)的電信詐騙團(tuán)伙的62名涉嫌成員被押回中國(guó)大陸，其中10名來(lái)自中國(guó)臺(tái)灣。

11. The officer was suspected of involvement in an international drug ring.那個(gè)官員被懷疑卷入了一個(gè)國(guó)際販毒團(tuán)伙。

12. The auctioneers organized a secret ring to control the sales. 這些拍賣商組織了一個(gè)秘密團(tuán)伙來(lái)操縱拍賣。

loop 的原義是 a shape like a circle made by a line curving right round and crossing itself，即“環(huán)狀物”，也有“圈子”的比喻意義。to be in the loop的意思是 to be part of a group of people that is dealing with sth important，即“屬于（處理要?jiǎng)?wù)的）圈內(nèi)人”；to be out of the loop即“屬于圈外人”。例如：

13. A lot of people want to be in the loop on this operation. 許多人都想在這次行動(dòng)中成為圈內(nèi)人。

14. He told me what had happened in the office. It made me feel in the loop.他告訴了我辦公室里所發(fā)生的事。這讓我覺(jué)得自己是圈內(nèi)人。

15. Tom has gradually been cut out of the loop on legal affairs.湯姆已逐漸被排擠出法律事務(wù)的圈子。

to keep sb in the loop 的意思是“使某人成為圈內(nèi)人”。例如：

16. As I am sure to keep you in the loop, I’ll give you a daily update on our progress. 我保證讓你成為圈內(nèi)人，所以會(huì)每天向你報(bào)告最新進(jìn)展。 □