Main Abstracts

The Formation of the Twenty-four Solar Terms

LIUXiaofeng1

This article discusses the forming process of ancient twenty-four solar term from the documents of archaeology, history, philology, and other relevant information. The main method of establishing the twenty-four solar terms is to observe the changes of sun by the gnomon. From two solstices of winter and summer to seventy-two pentads, the twenty-four solar term is a progressively refine timeframe, and has been applied nationwide for its appropriate division. The twenty-four solar terms is a result of absorbing the knowledge of months. This paper also makes a discussion on the relation between the twelve-tone temperament and twelve months.

The Twenty-four Solar Terms: A Simple Phenology Calendar Created by the Elite and the Masses

CHENLianshan8

In 1912, Sun Yat-sen issued the “Temporary President Order of Calendar”, and instructed the ministry of interior to publish the new calendar. Since then, the Gregorian calendar has replaced the Xia calendar in the name of public calendar, while the Xia calendar is only used in daily life of the masses, and even downgraded as “abolished calendar ”,“old calendar ”, and “calendar for farm”. This “two calendars coexist” phenomenon exists until now. As one of the contents of Xia calendar, the twenty-four solar terms has gradually quitted from the intellectuals’ life, but been continually used by the masses. This is why many people mistake the twenty-four solar terms as folk culture. From the forming of the twenty-four solar terms and its using by the later, this paper demonstrate that it is a creation by the ancient elite and the masses. The twenty-four solar terms is a simple phenology calendar based on the sun’s annual circular motion.

The History of the Twenty-four Solar Terms System and its Modern Inheritance

LIUZongdi12

The twenty-four solar terms originated from the phenology calendar, which divided the year and set the timeframe for farming according to the natural phenomena of seasonal changes. The current names of the twenty-four solar terms are mostly related to phenology and weather. There are some documents of phenology and weather recorded the original form of solar terms, such asTheBookofSongs·theSeventhMonth,XiaXiaoZhengandYueLing. Until the Han dynasty, it finally became a unitive solar calendar. The solar terms system is a calendar for farming throughout, and also closely connected to agricultural life. In this sense, it cannot be protected, and need not be protected. However, in the long evolution of the solar terms system, it has be given rich cultural connotation, which reflects the ancient Chinese wisdom of nature and human, and gives it the chance of inheritance and creation under the condition of modernization.

A Study on the Construction of Festival Culture in College Communities and the Development of the Folklore Discipline: A Case on the Traditional Festival Inheritance in East China Normal University

TIANZhaoyuan,YOUHongxia41

Colleges and universities are important modern communities, but formerly they are lack of the atmosphere of traditional culture and intangible cultural heritage, and even their own tradition folk life. Community protection is a basic principles in UNESCO “the Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage”. Besides talent development and scientific studies, the folklore discipline in East China Normal University carry out the activity of “ campus inheritance of traditional festival culture”, in order to construct the traditional cultural character and promote the inheritance of intangible cultural heritage in college community. College community should communicate with the urban, make a union with other universities, and form a community of festival cultural heritage protection and inheritance. The construction of college community will achieve results only when the main construction of festival culture in campus is led by the folklore discipline, and have the administrators, teachers and students to participate. The folklore discipline won a wide social identity in the process of promoting culture inheritance in campus, and realized transition from traditional to modern. Folklorists should become cultural researchers and constructors, go to the forefront of social construction and humanities and social science, and that may change the marginal state.

A Study on Ancient Village of Liuliqu from the Perspective of Cultural Ecology

GUJun,YUHaixia137

Liuliqu Village, which is proximity to Jiulong Mountain, east of Yongding River, and known as the Royal glaze firing, is a “Glass Town” with rich historical heritage. In 2007, this village was named the “Chinese historical and cultural village”. Besides, glaze-making technology was included in the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage list in 2008.It is well known that cultural ecology is the study of relationship between culture and environment, which is a cross-disciplinary science of culture and ecology. This thesis taking glaze-making technology as starting point, studies on the history, settlement space and social organization and folk beliefs of practitioners, and analysis the interactive relationship between village and nature, culture, society and human from the whole, which can provide a reference for the development and protection of ancient villages.