摘自：kinooze.com

浙江省 紹興市 樹(shù)人中學(xué) 張祖平 選譯

Aesop's Fables1伊索寓言

摘自：kinooze.com

浙江省 紹興市 樹(shù)人中學(xué) 張祖平 選譯

Have you heard the fable ofThe Crow and the Pitcher2where the thirsty crow gets the water level in the pitcher up by filling it up with stones?This story teaches us:Necessity is the mother of invention.There is another one about The Tortoise and the Harewhere both the animals decide to get into a race.Contrary to the expecta tion of swift hare winning the race,the unhurried tortoises wins.So it is said,“The slow and steady always wins the race.”

Most of the fables that we read today were actually written sometime between 620 and 560 BC by a Greek slave named Aesop.He wrote hundreds of fables while he was in captivity3.He keenly4observed things around him and wrote gripping5tales around them.In the end,he always added a wise advice.

Collection of fables written by Aesop is com monly known asAesop’s Fables.

Aesop’s Fablesfrom Greece andJataka Tales and Panchatantrafrom India have many stories in common.The details sometimes differ widely.For instance,the fable ofThe Wolf and the Craneis told in India as a story ofA Lion and Another Bird.

So some historians debate6whether,in ancient times,the Greeks learned these fables from Indian storytellers or the other way round.

Well,it does not matter who wrote them first.They are wonderful stories!

你聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)《烏鴉和瓶子》這則寓言嗎？口渴的烏鴉往瓶子里裝石子升高了水面。這個(gè)故事告訴我們：需求是發(fā)明之母。另外一則寓言《烏龜和兔子》則講述的是兩只動(dòng)物決定進(jìn)行一場(chǎng)比賽。人們期待敏捷的兔子獲勝，但與此相反，不緊不慢的烏龜贏得了比賽。因此有了這樣的說(shuō)法：“又慢又穩(wěn)總能贏比賽?！?/p>

我們現(xiàn)在讀的大部分寓言是公元前620年至560年之間一個(gè)叫做伊索的希臘奴隸所寫(xiě)。他被囚禁的期間寫(xiě)了數(shù)百則寓言。他敏銳地觀察身邊的事件并將其寫(xiě)成了扣人心弦的故事。在末尾，他通常會(huì)加上一條智慧的建議。

伊索寫(xiě)的寓言集就是家喻戶曉的《伊索寓言》。

希臘的《伊索語(yǔ)言》和印度的《本生經(jīng)》、《五卷書(shū)》中的很多故事有共通之處，而細(xì)節(jié)卻大相徑庭。例如，《狼和鶴》的寓言在印度則是《獅子和鳥(niǎo)》的故事。

因此，有些歷史學(xué)家爭(zhēng)論在古代究竟是希臘人從印度講故事的人那里還是由其他途徑學(xué)到了這些寓言。

不過(guò)，誰(shuí)先寫(xiě)出這些故事并不重要。重要的是這些都是非常精彩的故事。

Notes: