曲世晶, 葉 華, 賈汝琳, 栗占國(guó)△
(1. 北京大學(xué)人民醫(yī)院風(fēng)濕免疫科, 北京 100044; 2. 山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)第二醫(yī)院西院風(fēng)濕免疫科, 太原 030053)
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·論著·
血清學(xué)陰性類風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎關(guān)節(jié)液中抗環(huán)瓜氨酸肽抗體、抗突變型瓜氨酸波形蛋白抗體的測(cè)定及臨床意義
曲世晶1,2, 葉 華1, 賈汝琳1, 栗占國(guó)1△
(1. 北京大學(xué)人民醫(yī)院風(fēng)濕免疫科, 北京 100044; 2. 山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)第二醫(yī)院西院風(fēng)濕免疫科, 太原 030053)
目的:檢測(cè)血清學(xué)陰性類風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎(serum negative rheumatoid arthritis,SNRA)患者的關(guān)節(jié)液中抗環(huán)瓜氨酸肽(cyclic citrullinated peptide,CCP)抗體、抗突變型瓜氨酸波形蛋白(mutated citrullinated vimentin, MCV)抗體水平,了解關(guān)節(jié)液中這兩種抗體對(duì)診斷SNRA的臨床意義。方法: 應(yīng)用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附測(cè)定(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA)法檢測(cè)兩組患者膝關(guān)節(jié)液中抗CCP抗體和抗MCV抗體,實(shí)驗(yàn)組為SNRA患者,共29例,對(duì)照組為骨關(guān)節(jié)炎(osteoarthritis,OA)患者,共28例,并收集兩組患者的臨床表現(xiàn)及實(shí)驗(yàn)室指標(biāo)。結(jié)果: 實(shí)驗(yàn)組29例SNRA患者膝關(guān)節(jié)液中抗CCP抗體陽(yáng)性者10例(34.5%),測(cè)定值為(114.5±62.6) U/mL;抗MCV抗體陽(yáng)性者6例(20.7%),測(cè)定值為(32.0±11.3) U/mL;對(duì)照組28例OA患者膝關(guān)節(jié)液中3例抗CCP抗體陽(yáng)性(10.7%),測(cè)定值為(20.6±0.1) U/mL,2例抗MCV抗體陽(yáng)性(7.1%),測(cè)定值為(22.1±1.7) U/mL。SNRA組關(guān)節(jié)液抗CCP抗體的陽(yáng)性率顯著高于對(duì)照組(34.5%vs.10.7%,χ2=4.571,P<0.05);SNRA組關(guān)節(jié)液抗MCV抗體的陽(yáng)性率高于對(duì)照組(20.7%vs.7.1%,χ2=2.167,P>0.05),但差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;抗CCP抗體在SNRA中的敏感性為34.5%,特異性為89.3%,陽(yáng)性預(yù)測(cè)值為76.9%,陰性預(yù)測(cè)值為56.8%;抗MCV抗體敏感性為20.7%,特異性為92.9%,陽(yáng)性預(yù)測(cè)值為75.0%,陰性預(yù)測(cè)值為53.1%;膝關(guān)節(jié)液中抗CCP抗體和抗MCV抗體兩者聯(lián)合檢測(cè)的敏感性為48.0%,特異性為82.8%,SNRA關(guān)節(jié)液抗CCP抗體陽(yáng)性組、抗MCV抗體陽(yáng)性組與各自陰性組相比較,在年齡、病程和晨僵方面差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,而膝關(guān)節(jié)液抗CCP抗體陽(yáng)性組和抗MCV抗體陽(yáng)性組紅細(xì)胞沉降率(erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ESR)、C反應(yīng)蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)和28個(gè)關(guān)節(jié)的疾病活動(dòng)評(píng)分(the disease activity score in 28 joints,DAS28)均比各自陰性組高(P均<0.01)。抗CCP抗體與ESR和CRP之間呈正相關(guān)(r=0.567,P<0.01;r=0.664,P<0.01);抗MCV抗體與ESR和CRP之間呈正相關(guān)(r=0.344,P<0.01;r=0.749,P<0.01) 。結(jié)論: SNRA關(guān)節(jié)液抗CCP抗體和抗MCV抗體聯(lián)合檢測(cè)有助于SNRA診斷和疾病活動(dòng)的判斷。
關(guān)節(jié)炎, 類風(fēng)濕;血清;類風(fēng)濕因子;抗體,抗環(huán)瓜氨酸肽;抗體,抗突變型瓜氨酸波形蛋白;滑液
類風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎(rheumatoid arthrit is, RA) 是以關(guān)節(jié)滑膜炎為基本病理特征的系統(tǒng)性疾病,致殘率很高,因此其早期準(zhǔn)確診斷非常重要,血清類風(fēng)濕因子(rheumatoid factor, RF)是診斷RA的常用血清學(xué)標(biāo)志之一,但其陽(yáng)性率僅60%~80%。近年來已發(fā)現(xiàn)在RA患者血液、關(guān)節(jié)滑膜(液)和軟骨組織表層存在多種瓜氨酸化蛋白、抗瓜氨酸化蛋白抗體(anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies, ACPAS) 及免疫復(fù)合物[1-3],在關(guān)節(jié)滑膜自身免疫損害中發(fā)揮重要作用[4-5]。RA患者血清及關(guān)節(jié)液中ACPAS的檢測(cè)已成為國(guó)際公認(rèn)的早期診斷RA及判斷關(guān)節(jié)損傷的特異和靈敏的指標(biāo),目前報(bào)道較多的有抗環(huán)瓜氨酸肽抗體(cyclic citrullinated peptide, CCP)、抗突變型瓜氨酸波形蛋白抗體(mutated citrullinated vimentin, MCV)、抗核周因子(anti-perinuclear factor, APF)、抗角蛋白抗體(anti-keratin antibodies, AKA)等。抗CCP抗體是RA最為重要的特異性抗體,存在于患者血液及滑液中,敏感性和特異性很高,此抗體在RA臨床癥狀出現(xiàn)5年前即可檢出,對(duì)于RA的早期診斷和預(yù)后評(píng)估[6]都很有意義。近些年來,許多研究也評(píng)價(jià)了血清抗MCV抗體對(duì)RA的診斷意義,大多認(rèn)為抗MCV抗體診斷RA價(jià)值較高。Mansour等[7]報(bào)道抗MCV抗體對(duì)RA診斷有較高的敏感性(79.6%)和特異性(96.6%), 聯(lián)合血清RF和ACPAS檢測(cè)能極大提高RA的早期診斷率,但RA患者中仍有10%~20%[8]的患者血清RF和ACPAS均陰性,即血清學(xué)陰性RA(serum negative rheumatoid arthritis, SNRA)[9],此類患者在疾病早期診斷較為困難,因此,本研究旨在說明檢測(cè)SNRA患者關(guān)節(jié)液中的抗CCP抗體及抗MCV抗體,是否有助于SNRA的早期診斷。
1.1 病例選擇
對(duì)2009年9月至2013年4月北京大學(xué)人民醫(yī)院風(fēng)濕免疫科門診及住院的已抽取膝關(guān)節(jié)關(guān)節(jié)液的RA患者進(jìn)行篩選,選取符合1987年美國(guó)風(fēng)濕病學(xué)會(huì)(American College of Rheumatology, ACR)分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[10],但血清中RF(免疫比濁法)、抗CCP和抗MCV[酶聯(lián)免疫吸附測(cè)定(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA)]、AKA和APF(間接免疫熒光法)均陰性的RA患者29例為實(shí)驗(yàn)組,選取符合膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎(osteoarthritis,OA)分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[11]的骨關(guān)節(jié)炎患者28例為對(duì)照組。29例SNRA患者中,男6例,女23例,年齡38~78歲,平均(59.8±11.5)歲;對(duì)照組28例,男7例,女21例,年齡48~87歲,平均(63.0±9.5)歲,兩組性別、年齡差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。該研究獲得北京大學(xué)人民醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),所有患者均簽署知情同意書。
1.2 研究方法
1.2.1 樣本制備
所有病例均在實(shí)驗(yàn)前無菌狀態(tài)下從膝關(guān)節(jié)處抽取關(guān)節(jié)液,樣本均在4 ℃離心機(jī)中以3 000 r/min離心10 min,置-40 ℃冰箱保存至實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí),1次凍融后測(cè)定。
1.2.2 測(cè)定方法
應(yīng)用ELISA法檢測(cè)關(guān)節(jié)液中的抗CCP3抗體,抗CCP3抗體檢測(cè)試劑盒購(gòu)自德國(guó)歐蒙公司,測(cè)定值<20 U/mL為陰性;按照說明書,關(guān)節(jié)液稀釋度與血清相同,為1 ∶10;抗MCV抗體水平檢測(cè)亦采用ELISA定量檢測(cè)試劑盒檢測(cè),試劑由德國(guó)Orgentec公司生產(chǎn),關(guān)節(jié)液稀釋度為1 ∶100。
1.3 疾病臨床參數(shù)分析
分別記錄每例SNRA患者的年齡、病程和晨僵時(shí)間、紅細(xì)胞沉降率(erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ESR)、C反應(yīng)蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)和28個(gè)關(guān)節(jié)的疾病活動(dòng)評(píng)分(the disease activity score in 28 joints,DAS28)。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析
2.1 兩組患者關(guān)節(jié)液中抗CCP抗體檢測(cè)結(jié)果
29例SNRA患者中,關(guān)節(jié)液抗CCP抗體陽(yáng)性的10例(34.5%),測(cè)定值為(114.5±62.6)U/mL;對(duì)照組28例患者關(guān)節(jié)液中3例抗CCP抗體陽(yáng)性(10.7%),測(cè)定值為(20.6±0.1)U/mL,其余均呈陰性。SNRA組關(guān)節(jié)液抗CCP抗體的陽(yáng)性率高于對(duì)照組(34.5%vs.10.7%,χ2=4.571,P<0.05)??笴CP抗體敏感性為34.5%,特異性為89.3%,陽(yáng)性預(yù)測(cè)值為76.9%,陰性預(yù)測(cè)值為56.8%。
2.2 兩組患者抗MCV抗體檢測(cè)結(jié)果
29例SNRA患者中,關(guān)節(jié)液抗MCV抗體陽(yáng)性的6例(20.7%), 測(cè)定值為(32.0±11.3)U/mL;28例對(duì)照組患者關(guān)節(jié)液中2例抗MCV抗體陽(yáng)性(7.1%),測(cè)定值為(22.1±1.7)U/mL,其余均呈陰性。SNRA組關(guān)節(jié)液抗MCV抗體的陽(yáng)性率高于對(duì)照組(20.7%vs.7.1%,χ2=2.167,P>0.05);抗MCV抗體敏感性為20.7%,特異性為92.9%,陽(yáng)性預(yù)測(cè)值為75.0%,陰性預(yù)測(cè)值為53.1%。
2.3 SNRA組關(guān)節(jié)液抗CCP抗體和抗MCV抗體聯(lián)合檢測(cè)結(jié)果
SNRA組關(guān)節(jié)液抗CCP抗體和抗MCV抗體均陽(yáng)性的5例,關(guān)節(jié)液中抗CCP抗體和抗MCV抗體兩者聯(lián)合檢測(cè)的敏感性為48.0%,特異性為82.8%。
2.4 臨床及實(shí)驗(yàn)室指標(biāo)
SNRA關(guān)節(jié)液抗CCP抗體陽(yáng)性組、抗MCV抗體陽(yáng)性組與各自陰性組相比較,在年齡、病程和晨僵方面差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,但在ESR、 CRP和DAS28評(píng)分均比陰性組高(P<0. 01),見表1、2。
表1 關(guān)節(jié)液抗環(huán)瓜氨酸肽抗體與臨床及實(shí)驗(yàn)室指標(biāo)關(guān)系比較(±s)
table1 Joint fluid anti cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody and clinical and laboratory index comparison(±s)
表1 關(guān)節(jié)液抗環(huán)瓜氨酸肽抗體與臨床及實(shí)驗(yàn)室指標(biāo)關(guān)系比較(±s)
GroupsnAge/yearsCourseofthedisease/yearsMorningstiffness/hESR/(mm/1h)CRP/(mg/L)DAS28Anti-CCPantibodiespositive10 59.8±11.51.49±2.351.07±1.2380.40±27.9267.10±12.695.96±0.30Anti-CCPantibodiesnegative1959.8±9.05.76±7.461.08±1.1046.42±24.6534.66±40.454.89±0.78t0.053-2.284-0.0203.2413.2085.299P>0.05>0.05>0.05<0.01<0.01<0.01
CCP, cyclic citrullinated peptide; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CRP, C-reaction protein; DAS28, the disease activity score in 28 joints.
表2 關(guān)節(jié)液抗突變型瓜氨酸波形蛋白抗體與臨床及實(shí)驗(yàn)室指標(biāo)關(guān)系比較(±s)
table2 Joint fluid anti mutated citrullinated vimentin antibody and clinical and laboratory index comparison(±s〗
GroupsnAge/yearsCourseofthedisease/yearsMorningstiffness/hESR/(mm/1h)CRP/(mg/L)DAS28anti-MCVantibodiespositive659.0±9.24.84±5.410.66±0.6793.67±26.6193.87±39.156.02±0.26anti-MCVantibodiesnegative2359.8±10.04.14±6.811.18±1.2048.83±23.6633.32±24.015.06±0.81t-0.1920.267-1.4123.7593.6154.866P>0.05>0.05>0.05<0.01<0.01<0.01
MCV, mutated citrullinated vimentin; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CRP, C-reaction protein; DAS28, the disease activity score in 28 joints.
2.5 相關(guān)性分析
關(guān)節(jié)液中抗CCP抗體與ESR和CRP之間呈正相關(guān)(r=0.567,P< 0.01;r=0.664,P<0.01);抗MCV抗體與ESR和CRP之間呈正相關(guān)(r=0.344,P<0.01;r=0.749,P<0. 01) 。
ACR診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的RF臨床檢測(cè)很方便,但其敏感性較低。RA患者體內(nèi)存在ACPAS,包括抗CCP抗體、抗MCV抗體等。近幾年抗CCP抗體和抗MCV抗體的檢測(cè)日益受到重視,其高敏感性和極高的特異性使其成為RA早期診斷中很重要的一部分。RA患者關(guān)節(jié)滑膜組織中存在大量的瓜氨酸化蛋白,其檢出陽(yáng)性率顯著高于正常人群的關(guān)節(jié)滑膜組織。
滑膜炎是RA中非常重要的基本病理改變,關(guān)節(jié)液中的抗體水平是一個(gè)值得重視的問題。RA的滑膜組織存在豐富的巨噬細(xì)胞,大量凋亡的巨噬細(xì)胞內(nèi)存在瓜氨酸化的蛋白,主要是瓜氨酸化的纖維蛋白的α和β鏈,由此發(fā)現(xiàn)關(guān)節(jié)局部,特別是滑膜是CCP產(chǎn)生的重要場(chǎng)所。瓜氨酸化蛋白存在于多種炎癥性關(guān)節(jié)炎滑膜中,但只有RA患者出現(xiàn)特異性ACPAS,并且其滑膜存在分泌ACPAS的B細(xì)胞。2001年van Esch等[12]研究證實(shí)在抗環(huán)瓜氨酸肽抗體血清陽(yáng)性反應(yīng)的RA 患者骨髓和滑液中的B淋巴細(xì)胞能自發(fā)分泌抗CCP抗體。關(guān)節(jié)液中的抗ACPAS抗體的臨床意義目前相關(guān)研究雖有些進(jìn)展,但尚不多,尤其是SNRA關(guān)節(jié)液的研究,Spadaro等[13]報(bào)道關(guān)節(jié)滑液中也可檢測(cè)到抗CCP抗體,且滑液中抗CCP抗體的檢測(cè)可作為診斷依據(jù)。Caspi等[14]學(xué)者報(bào)道,在銀屑病關(guān)節(jié)炎及OA患者滑液中均可檢測(cè)出抗CCP抗體,但RA患者滑液中的抗CCP抗體濃度明顯升高。2010年Scherer等[15]觀察證實(shí)血清及滑液的抗CCP 抗體,不僅數(shù)量而且質(zhì)量都不同??笴CP 抗體在出現(xiàn)臨床不適的前幾年在血清中已有顯現(xiàn),與血清學(xué)相比較,在滑液中更高,抗CCP抗體的Fc鏈糖獨(dú)立存在于滑液。趙建青等[16]報(bào)道60例RF和抗CCP抗體陰性RA患者,檢測(cè)關(guān)節(jié)液抗體陽(yáng)性率為36.7%,提示關(guān)節(jié)液抗體檢測(cè)可提高血清陰性RA患者診斷的敏感性及特異性。在RA的鑒別診斷過程中,關(guān)節(jié)液抗體檢測(cè)可能會(huì)提供有價(jià)值的幫助,早期進(jìn)行關(guān)節(jié)腔穿刺,抽取滑液進(jìn)行相關(guān)抗體檢測(cè),對(duì)早期診斷及有效指導(dǎo)治療均有重要意義,尤其對(duì)SNRA及疑難重癥患者更為重要。
本研究顯示,抗CCP抗體和抗MCV抗體在SNRA患者關(guān)節(jié)液中即可檢測(cè)到,SNRA組患者的抗CCP抗體陽(yáng)性檢出率為34.5% ,而對(duì)照組的檢出率只有10.7%;抗MCV抗體陽(yáng)性檢出率為20.7%,而對(duì)照組的檢出率只有7.1%,且抗CCP抗體和抗MCV抗體兩者聯(lián)合檢測(cè)的敏感性為48.0%,特異性為82.8%,這也提示聯(lián)合檢測(cè)關(guān)節(jié)液抗CCP抗體及抗MCV抗體有助于SNRA的診斷。
本研究還顯示,SNRA組關(guān)節(jié)液抗CCP抗體陽(yáng)性組及抗MCV陽(yáng)性組較陰性組ESR、CRP和DAS28評(píng)分均高,而ESR、CRP、DAS28評(píng)分是反映RA活動(dòng)性的指標(biāo),提示關(guān)節(jié)液抗CCP抗體和抗MCV抗體的檢測(cè)可能是判斷SNRA病情活動(dòng)的評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)。同時(shí)我們也發(fā)現(xiàn)SNRA組關(guān)節(jié)液抗CCP抗體及抗MCV抗體與ESR和CRP之間有相關(guān)性,且呈正相關(guān)。
近年來,關(guān)節(jié)液檢驗(yàn)越來越受到重視。關(guān)節(jié)液由于受外界和機(jī)體其他因素的干擾較小,其成分的改變往往更能反映機(jī)體的疾病狀態(tài),因此我們認(rèn)為,關(guān)節(jié)液檢驗(yàn)應(yīng)該更多地受到大家關(guān)注,同時(shí)需要就關(guān)節(jié)液標(biāo)本開辟出更多、更有針對(duì)性的檢測(cè)項(xiàng)目,以幫助臨床更準(zhǔn)確地做出診斷??傊?,本研究提示抗CCP抗體和抗MCV抗體在關(guān)節(jié)液中的檢測(cè),有助于SNRA患者的診斷以及對(duì)疾病活動(dòng)的判斷,可能具有重要意義。
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(2016-08-02收稿)
(本文編輯:劉淑萍)
Significance and diagnostic value of synovial fluid anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody and anti-mutated citrullinated vimentin antibodies in patients with serum negative rheumatoid arthritis
QU Shi-jing1, 2, YE Hua1, JIA Ru-lin1, LI Zhan-guo1△
(1. Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Beijing University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; 2. Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030053, China)
Objective: To explore the significance of synovial fluid(SF)anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibodies and anti-mutated citrullinated vimentin (MCV) antibodies in the diagnosis of serum negative rheumatoid arthritis (SNRA). Methods: Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was apllied in the detection of two groups of patients with knee joint fluid resistance against CCP antibody and antibody of MCV, the experimental group to SNRA patients, a total of 29 cases, and the control for patients with osteoarthritis (OA), a total of 28 cases, and clinical manifestations and laboratory parameters of the two groups were collected. Results: The positive rate of synovial fluid anti-CCP was 34.5% in the SNRA patients, which was significantly higher than 10.7% in the control patients(χ2=4.571,P<0.05). The positive rate of synovial fluid anti-MCV was 20.7% in the SNRA patients, which was significantly higher than 7.1% in the control patients(χ2=2.167,P>0.05). The SNRA patients of SF anti-CCP and anti-MCV positive had no significant difference from the SNRA patients of SF anti-CCP and anti-MCV negative in age, course and morning stiffness. The levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) , C-reactive protein(CRP) and DAS28 scores in the SF anti-CCP positive patients were higher than those of the SF anti-CCP negative patients. The levels of ESR, CRP and DAS28 scores in the SF anti-MCV positive patients were higher than those of the SF anti-MCV negative patients, (allP<0.01). SF anti-CCP had correlation with ESR, CRP(r=0.567,P<0.01;r=0.664,P<0.01). SF anti-MCV had correlation with ESR, CRP(r=0.344,P<0.01;r=0.749,P<0.01). Conclusion: SF anti-CCP and anti-MCV are helpful for the diagnosis of SNRA and judgement of SNRA activity.
時(shí)間:2016-10-31 16:04:18
http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.4691.R.20161031.1604.008.html
R593.22
A
1671-167X(2016)06-0933-04
10.3969/j.issn.1671-167X.2016.06.002
△ Corresponding author’s e-mail, zgli99@ aliyun. com
北京大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(醫(yī)學(xué)版)2016年6期