梁厚燦,李赫男,武鵬峰,張焱森,李 新,孫 琦,李 冰,張怡卓,張春田
(沈陽師范大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院,沈陽110034)
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遼寧渾河源自然保護區(qū)寄蠅科昆蟲區(qū)系資源
梁厚燦,李赫男,武鵬峰,張焱森,李 新,孫 琦,李 冰,張怡卓,張春田*
(沈陽師范大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院,沈陽110034)
調(diào)查我國遼寧東北部清原渾河源自然保護區(qū)雙翅目寄蠅科昆蟲資源。網(wǎng)捕法采集寄蠅標(biāo)本2553件,形態(tài)分類和動物地理研究法鑒定寄蠅4亞科23族83屬158種,分別占中國已知族、屬和種類的23.54%,29.47%和12.62%;給出該森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的寄蠅優(yōu)勢種15種和每種成蟲發(fā)生期。該地區(qū)寄蠅區(qū)系主要組成有61古北界種,86古北、東洋兩界共有種,合計147種,占本地區(qū)總種數(shù)93.04%。發(fā)現(xiàn)4中國新紀(jì)錄種:烏蘇等鬃寄蠅Peribaeaussuriensis(Mesnil, 1963),彎葉芙寄蠅Phrynotenuiforceps(Tachi, 2013),花截尾寄蠅Nemorillafloralis(Meigen, 1824),巨角錐腹寄蠅SmidtiamagnicornisMesnil, 1967,給出其主要鑒別特征和外形照片;遼寧新分布紀(jì)錄28種。
遼寧清原;寄蠅科;區(qū)系;鑒定名錄;中國新紀(jì)錄
遼寧渾河源省級自然保護區(qū)(HRSNR)位于撫順市清原縣大蘇河鄉(xiāng)境內(nèi)黃代溝村林地和灣甸子鎮(zhèn)地車溝實驗林場,是渾河的發(fā)源地,地處長白山系龍崗山余脈,境內(nèi)最高峰海拔1001.2 m,保護區(qū)規(guī)劃總面積18931.4 km2,地理坐標(biāo)為E124°47′-125°17′,N41°50′-42°00′。保護區(qū)屬溫帶大陸性季風(fēng)氣候,內(nèi)有植物1116種,其中蒙古櫟林、紅松、落葉松、紅松闊葉林及闊葉混交林為主要植被類型(于中華等,2004)。豐富的森林植被和濕潤的氣候條件,為當(dāng)?shù)乩ハx及其它動物生存提供了優(yōu)良的條件。清原縣政府與中國科學(xué)院沈陽應(yīng)用生態(tài)研究所2003年合作,在保護區(qū)內(nèi)建立了中科院清原森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)觀測研究站(N41°51′9.94″,E124°56′11.22″),保護當(dāng)?shù)卮紊值睾退春B(yǎng)地生態(tài)環(huán)境。在此科研平臺基礎(chǔ)上,沈陽師范大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院雙翅目昆蟲研究組自2015年5月至2016年8月對渾河源自然保護區(qū)的寄蠅科昆蟲資源進行了較系統(tǒng)的科學(xué)調(diào)查,經(jīng)對2553號標(biāo)本進行整理、分類和鑒定,報告雙翅目寄蠅科昆蟲4亞科23族83屬158種,4中國新紀(jì)錄種,28個省級新分布種。
本研究調(diào)查實驗地位于遼寧清原渾河源自然保護區(qū)的大蘇河鄉(xiāng)黃代溝中國科學(xué)院清原森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)定位研究站,由十幾座山峰連綿錯落組成,平均海拔700 m,主峰高1115 m (http: //www. lnbls. com)。清原灣甸子地車溝遼寧省實驗林場(500-800 m)。
表1 遼寧渾河源自然保護區(qū)昆蟲采集信息表
采集路線:均從保護區(qū)檢查站入口前開始,第一條沿東線,第二條沿南線,第三條沿西線。采集地海拔一般為500-800 m。
采集方法:主要使用捕網(wǎng)和掃網(wǎng),有時用馬氏網(wǎng)誘集,步行采集路線基本沿林區(qū)采伐、營造林路和林間步道兩側(cè)周圍。
采集生境:主要采集環(huán)境有溪邊、草叢、灌木中野花、樹葉和枝條、樹干等處,一般光影交錯、附近有水的地方,傘形科獨活等黃色、白色野花上寄蠅科昆蟲數(shù)量較多。采集時間主要集中在2015、2016年春末夏初5月中旬至盛夏、立秋的8月下旬;每月至少一次調(diào)查,以晴天、陰天和雨后采集為主。
沈陽師范大學(xué)昆蟲標(biāo)本館 (SYNU) 保存本研究用清原大蘇河鄉(xiāng)黃代溝和灣甸子鎮(zhèn)地車溝實驗林場產(chǎn)寄蠅科標(biāo)本,2553號標(biāo)本經(jīng)過整理,分類鑒定;一般比較外部形態(tài)特征與腹部末端外生殖器結(jié)構(gòu),鑒定、分析和統(tǒng)計。寄蠅科分類系統(tǒng)根據(jù)Herting & Dely-Draskovits (1993)的古北界寄蠅科名錄和O’Hara (2016)的世界寄蠅科的屬及其分布; 高級分類階元鑒定主要依據(jù)一些國內(nèi)外專業(yè)文獻 (Mesnil, 1944-1975; Crosskey, 1976; Tschorsnig & Richter, 1998; 趙建銘等, 1998, 2001; O’Hara等, 2009);種類鑒定依據(jù)文獻 (Mesnil, 1963; Shima, 1979, 1982, 1986, 1988, 1996, 2015; Tschorsnig & Herting, 1994; Ziegler & Shima, 1996; Tachi & Shima, 2002; 趙建銘和梁恩義, 2002, 2007; 趙建銘和陳小琳, 2007; 王強, 2016)。
2.1 遼寧渾河源自然保護區(qū)寄蠅鑒定名錄
表2 遼寧渾河源自然保護區(qū)寄蠅科鑒定種類
續(xù)上表
亞科族物種中名物種學(xué)名標(biāo)本數(shù)量成蟲發(fā)生(月)廣長足寄蠅DexiafulviferavonR?der,18934♂4♀7腹長足寄蠅DventralisAldrich,19251♂1♀8大依寄蠅Estheriamagna(Baranov,1935)1♂8金龜長喙寄蠅Prosenasiberita(Fabricius,1775)4♂4♀8優(yōu)寄蠅族顯回寄蠅RedtenbacheriainsignisEgger,18614♂1♀5-6Eutherini曲脈短芒寄蠅Athryciacurvinervis(Zetterstedt,1844)1♂7黑須短芒寄蠅Atrepida(Meigen,1824)4♀5茹芮瑟寄蠅Cyrtophlebaruricola(Meigen,1824)2♂1♀6-7腹瑟寄蠅CvernalisKramer,19171♀6-7紅斑緣刺寄蠅Eriothrixrufomaculata(DeGeer,1776)1♂8駝寄蠅Phyllomyasp1♂2♀5白帶柔寄蠅Thelairaleucozona(Panzer,1806)1♂4♀7-8暗黑柔寄蠅Tnigripes(Fabricius,1794)4♂6-7薩柔寄蠅Tsolivaga(Harris,1780)1♀8鄉(xiāng)蝸寄蠅Voriaruralis(Fallén,1810)36♂11♀5-8黑瓦根寄蠅WagneriagagateaRobineau?Desvoidy,18301♂5追寄蠅亞科卷蛾寄蠅族黑足突額寄蠅BiomeigeniagynandromimaMesnil,19616♂15♀5ExoristinaeBlondeliini黑須卷蛾寄蠅Blondelianigripes(Fallén,1810)4♂4♀5-8康刺腹寄蠅Compsiluraconcinnata(Meigen,1824)1♂2♀7-8北海道贅諾寄蠅Drinomyiahokkaidensis(Baranov,1935)5♂6-8偽利索寄蠅LixophagafallaxMesnil,19631♀5-7白瓣麥寄蠅Medinacollaris(Fallén,1820)1♂6褐瓣麥寄蠅MfuscisquamaMesnil,195349♂141♀5-7盧麥寄蠅Mluctuosa(Meigen,1824)2♂8多鬃麥寄蠅Mmultispina(Herting,1966)2♂1♀5-6雜色美根寄蠅Meigeniadorsalis(Meigen,1824)1♀7褐瓣美根寄蠅MfuscisquamaLiu&Zhang,20078♂6-8三齒美根寄蠅MtridentataMesnil,1961125♂16♀5-8筒腹奧斯寄蠅Oswaldiaegger(Brauer&Bergenstamm,1889)1♀5振翅奧斯寄蠅Omuscaria(Fallén,1810)3♀5日本纖寄蠅Prodegeeriajaponica(Mesnil,1957)2♂10♀6-8橫帶三角寄蠅Trigonospilatransvittata(Pandellé,1896)2♀5-7長角髭寄蠅Vibrissinaturrita(Meigen,1824)3♂1♀6-7埃里寄蠅族舞毒蛾狹頰寄蠅CarceliacandidaeShima,19813♀♀5-8Eryciini杜比狹頰寄蠅Cdubia(Brauer&Bergenstamm,1891)6♂7格納狹頰寄蠅Cgnava(Meigen,1824)75♂52♀5-6灰腹狹頰寄蠅Crasa(Macquart,1849)6♂1♀5-7脛狹頰寄蠅CtibialisRobineau-Desvoidy,18303♂2♀7-8金粉贅寄蠅DrinoauripollinisChao&Liang,19984♀7-8裸腰贅寄蠅Dadiscalis(Chao,1982)2♀5
續(xù)上表
亞科族物種中名物種學(xué)名標(biāo)本數(shù)量成蟲發(fā)生(月)長毛贅寄蠅DlongihirtaChao&Liang,19921♂8蓮花贅寄蠅Dlota(Meigen,1824)1♂1♀6-7擬庸贅寄蠅Drinoinconspicuoides(Baranov,1932)9♂2♀5-7小贅寄蠅DminutaLiang&Chao,19982♀5-7鄰狹顏贅寄蠅DparafacialisChao&Liang,19982♂1♀5-7縊蛹毛蟲寄蠅Epicampocerasuccincta(Meigen,1824)1♂5♀5斑埃里寄蠅EryciafasciataVillevenue,19241♀5日本異叢寄蠅Isosturmiajaponica(Mesnil,1957)1♀6-7園尼里寄蠅Nileahortulana(Meigen,1824)45♂5♀5-8音尼里寄蠅NinnoxiaRobineau-Desvoidy,18632♂5滑帕贅寄蠅Paradrinolaevicula(Mesnil,1951)1♀7葉蜂菲寄蠅Phebelliaclavellariae(Brauer&Bergenstamm,1891)1♂5銀菲寄蠅Pglauca(Meigen,1824)2♀5-7巨角怯寄蠅Phryxemagnicornis(Zetterstedt,1838)1♂6獅頭怯寄蠅Pnemea(Meigen,1824)1♂3♀5-8齒肛裸基寄蠅Senometoptadentata(Chao&Liang,2002)21♂11♀6-8長鬃魏寄蠅Weingaertneriellalongiseta(vanderWulp,1881)1♂7帶柳蠹蛾寄蠅Xylotachinadiluta(Meigen,1824)1♀7拱瓣寄蠅族Ethillini簇纓裸板寄蠅Phorocerosomavicarium(Walker,1856)1♂1♀5-7追寄蠅族選擇盆地寄蠅Bessaparallela(Meigen,1824)3♂1♀6-8Exoristini克氏櫛蚤寄蠅CtenophoriniachristianaeZiegler&Shima,19961♀5黃額櫛蚤寄蠅CfrontalisZiegler&Shima,19962♂6♀5-6透翅追寄蠅Exoristahyalipennis(Baranov,1932)1♀7銀毒蛾寄蠅Parasetigenasilvestris(Robineau-Desvoidy,1863)2♀5高野毒蛾寄蠅Ptakaoi(Mesnil,1960)4♀5勺肛蜉寄蠅Phoroceraassimilis(Fallén,1810)2♀5-6遼寧蜉寄蠅PliaoningensisYao&Zhang,200913♂7♀5-6昏暗蜉寄蠅Pobscura(Fallén,1810)91♂6♀5膝芒寄蠅族柞蠶飾腹寄蠅Blepharipatibialis(Chao,1963)10♂3♀5-6Goniini蠶飾腹寄蠅Bzebina(Walker,1849)2♂3♀5-8八小寄蠅Carceliellaoctava(Baranov,1931)1♀8黑袍卷須寄蠅Clemelispullata(Meigen,1824)5♂3♀8粉帶伊樂寄蠅Elodiaambulatoria(Meigen,1824)1♂7窄角幽寄蠅Eumealinearicornis(Zetterstedt,1844)5♂6-7彩艷寬額寄蠅Frontinalaeta(Meigen,1824)1♂7中華膝芒寄蠅GoniachinensisWiedemann,18244♂3♀7烏蘇里膝芒寄蠅Gussuriensis(Rohdendorf,1928)46♂142♀5-6布朗攆寄蠅Myxexoristopsblondeli(Robineau-Desvoidy,1830)1♀7被攆寄蠅Mstolida(Stein,1924)1♂6
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亞科族物種中名物種學(xué)名標(biāo)本數(shù)量成蟲發(fā)生(月)四斑尼爾寄蠅Nealsomyiarufella(Bezzi,1925)2♂3♀7-8拱頭芙寄蠅Phrynovetula(Meigen,1824)2♂61♀5彎葉芙寄蠅Ptenuiforceps(Tachi,2013)13♂8♀6高野舟寄蠅ScaphimyiatakanoiMesnil,19671♀5黃粉彩寄蠅Zenilliadolosa(Meigen,1824)1♀5溫寄蠅族花截尾寄蠅Nemorillafloralis(Meigen,1824)2♀6-7Winthemiini雙斑截尾寄蠅Nmaculosa(Meigen,1824)2♀6-7松毛蟲錐腹寄蠅Smidtiaamoena(Meigen,1824)72♂39♀5-8黑龍江錐腹寄蠅Samurensis(Borisoval,1962)4♀5日本錐腹寄蠅Sjaponica(Mesnil,1957)11♂1♀5巨角錐腹寄蠅SmagnicornisMesnil,19671♂5灰錐腹寄蠅SpaucisetaShima,19963♀5兇猛溫寄蠅Winthemiacruentata(Rondani,1859)1♂5四點溫寄蠅Wquadripustulata(Fabricius,1794)1♂6燦爛溫寄蠅Wvenusta(Meigen,1824)1♀8突顏寄蠅亞科Phasiinae筒腹寄蠅族Cylindromini阿格筒腹寄蠅CylindromyiaagnieszkaeKolomiets,1977192♂56♀8賀寄蠅族Hermyini比賀寄蠅Hermyabeelzebul(Wiedemann,1830)15♂11♀6-8俏飾寄蠅族金黃俏飾寄蠅ParerigoneaureaBrauer,18981♂7Parerigonini毛贊寄蠅ZambesomimahirsutaMesnil,19672♂6突顏寄蠅族Phasiini連克寄蠅Clytiomyacontinua(Panzer,1798)2♂3♀7寬翅異顏寄蠅Ectophasiacrassipennis(Fabricius,1794)2♀7圓腹異顏寄蠅Erotundiventris(Loew,1858)1♂3♀7-8普通球腹寄蠅Gymnosomarotundatum(Linnaeus,1758)2♂1♀7-8半球突顏寄蠅Phasiahemiptera(Fabricius,1794)1♀6桓仁突顏寄蠅PhuanrenensisZhang&Zhao,201176♀3♂6羅德突顏寄蠅Prohdendorfi(Draber-Mońko,1965)5♂35♀5赫廷何寄蠅HemydahertingiZiegler&Shima,19961♂5♀7-8暗翅何寄蠅Hobscuripennis(Meigen,1824)2♀6-8寄蠅亞科埃內(nèi)寄蠅族拼葉江寄蠅JanthinomyiafelderiBrauer&Bergenstamm,18931♀7-8TachininaeErnestiini叉葉江寄蠅Jelegans(Matsumura,1905)5♂7黑腹短須寄蠅Linnaemyaatriventris(Malloch,1935)4♂10♀5-8菲短須寄蠅LfelisMesnil,19571♀6-8黃角短須寄蠅LruficornisChao,19623♂11♀5-8泰短須寄蠅Ltessellans(Robineau?Desvoidy,1830)29♂3♀6-8峨眉短須寄蠅LomegaZimin3♂4♀5-7鉤肛短須寄蠅Lpicta(Meigen,1824)3♂26♀5-8高野短須寄蠅LtakanoiMesnil,19571♀5采花陽寄蠅Panzeriaanthophila(Robineau?Desvoidy,1830)1♀8
續(xù)上表
亞科族物種中名物種學(xué)名標(biāo)本數(shù)量成蟲發(fā)生(月)黑龍江陽寄蠅PheilongjianaChao&Shi,19814♂7敏陽寄蠅Plaevigata(Meigen,1838)1♂5紅黃陽寄蠅Prudis(Fallén,1810)8♂17♀5裸顏陽寄蠅Pvagans(Meigen,1824)16♂22♀5棒須陽寄蠅Pexcellens(Zimin,1957)1♀7-8缺緣陽寄蠅Pinusta(Mesnil,1957)24♀23♂5寬脛陽寄蠅Platipennis(Zhang&Fu,2011)13♀5耳肛陽寄蠅Panzeriamimetes(Zimin,1960)20♂6♀5-6腹球陽寄蠅PglobiventrisChao&Shi,19811♀5醉暗寄蠅Zophomyiatemula(Scopoli,1763)2♂4♀6-7萊寄蠅族十和田阿特寄蠅Atylostomatowadensis(Matsumura,1916)7♂12♀7-8Leskiini白擬解寄蠅DemoticoidespallidusMesnil,19537♂1♀5-8葉甲寄蠅族黑斑葉甲寄蠅MacquartiamacularisVilleneuve,19263♂8Macquartiini裸頰葉甲寄蠅MnudigenaMesnil,19721♀5毛肛葉甲寄蠅Mpubiceps(Zetterstedt,1845)1♂2♀5陰葉甲寄蠅Mtenebricosa(Meigen,1824)15♂7腹斑葉甲寄蠅Mtessellum(Meigen,1824)1♂5威葉甲寄蠅MviridanaRobineau?Desvoidy,18631♂1♀5寬顏寄蠅族Megaprosopini灰頰寄蠅Dexiosomacaninum(Fabricius,1781)2♂1♀6-8污寄蠅族紅腹敏寄蠅Minthorufiventris(Fallén,1816)1♀8Minthoini瘦腹寄蠅Sumpigastersp1♂7毛瓣寄蠅族Nemoraeini透翅毛瓣寄蠅Nemoraeapellucida(Meigen,1824)1♂4♀5-8泥寄蠅族Pelatachinini脛泥寄蠅Pelatachinatibialis(Fallén,1810)1♂5♀5長唇寄蠅族熟昆寄蠅Entomophagaexoleta(Meigen,1824)2♀5Siphonini脛等鬃寄蠅Peribaeatibialis(Robineau-Desvoidy,1830)1♂2♀7-8烏蘇等鬃寄蠅Pussuriensis(Mesnil,1963)1♀8寄蠅族日本密寄蠅Mikiajapanica(Baranov,1935)1♂2♀6-8Tachinini片肛長須寄蠅Peleteriachaoi(Zimin,1961)1♀5兇野長須寄蠅Pferina(Zetterstedt,1844)5♂23♀6-7鈍突長須寄蠅Ppropinqua(Zimin,1961)13♂217♀5-6火紅寄蠅Tachinaardens(Zimin,1929)2♂1♀7-8短頭寄蠅Tbreiceps(Zimin,1929)1♂2♀5小寄蠅TiotaChao&Arnaud,19932♂7-8毛肋寄蠅Tjakovlewii(Portschinsky,1882)1♀8遼寧寄蠅TliaoningensisZhang&Hao,20101♂21♀5-6怒寄蠅Tnupta(Rondani,1859)5♂8黃白寄蠅TursinaMeigen,18246♂54♀5-8蜂寄蠅Tursinoides(Tothill,1918)3♂1♀8
2.2 分類鑒定新發(fā)現(xiàn)
2.2.1 中國新紀(jì)錄種
2.2.1.1 花截尾寄蠅Nemorillafloralis(Meigen, 1824) (圖1, a, b)
鑒別特征:復(fù)眼具毛,毛長于小眼直徑三倍,額窄于頭寬的0.22-0.25(雄)倍,0.27-0.3(雌)倍,側(cè)顏裸或至多在最低的額鬃下具一些毛,觸角芒大約與觸角等長,至多在基部3/5變粗。肩鬃4-5根,最強的3根排列成三角形,第一根盾后翅上鬃長于背側(cè)片鬃和第一根盾后翅內(nèi)鬃,小盾片僅具1根側(cè)鬃,下后側(cè)片在它的前2/3或更多處具毛;中足脛節(jié)具1根腹鬃,后足脛節(jié)具2根端位背鬃。腹部第1+2合背板中央凹陷達后緣,雄性第3背板后方具一個寬大的三角形黑帶,第4、5背板前1/2-2/3具灰黃色粉被,雌性第3、4背板前4/5、第5背板前2/5具淡灰黃白色粉被,第3、4背板具明顯的心鬃。
分布:中國*(遼寧);俄羅斯(遠東,東西伯利亞),日本(本土),中亞,匈牙利,意大利,德國,法國,瑞典,英國。
2.2.1.2 巨角錐腹寄蠅SmidtiamagnicornisMesnil, 1967 (圖1, c, d)
鑒別特征:復(fù)眼具毛,毛長于小眼直徑三倍,側(cè)顏上半部具毛,頭的上方在眼后鬃列下方具1或2列黑色小鬃,觸角第三節(jié)約為第二節(jié)長的4倍,觸角芒大約與觸角等長,至多在基部3/5變粗。肩鬃5根,最強的3根排列成三角形,下后側(cè)片在它的前2/3或更多處具毛,腹側(cè)片鬃通常3根,盾片具3對溝前和3對溝后背中鬃;中足脛節(jié)具3-5根前背鬃,無腹鬃,后足脛節(jié)具1列梳狀前背鬃,中間一根強大,2根端位背鬃。腹部第1+2合背板中央凹陷達后緣,第5腹板或多或少錐形。
分布:中國*(遼寧);日本。
2.2.1.3 彎葉芙寄蠅Phrynotenuiforceps(Tachi, 2013) (圖1, e, f)
鑒別特征:復(fù)眼具毛,側(cè)顏裸或至多在上半部具毛,顏脊下半部之下具鬃,觸角第三節(jié)是第二節(jié)長的5.5-6.5倍。后前胸背板具4或5根鬃,肩鬃4-5根,最強的3根排成一條直線,前方肩鬃位于中間和內(nèi)側(cè)肩鬃之間的前方,盾片具3對溝前和4對溝后背中鬃,小盾端鬃缺,小盾片無直立的鬃;位于r-m脈與dM-Cu脈之間的M脈段長于dM-Cu脈與M脈彎曲處之間距離,M脈在中肘橫脈至彎曲處之間距離是彎曲處至翅后緣距離的1.5-2倍;足完全或大部黃色,后足脛節(jié)具2端位背鬃。腹部第1+2合背板中央凹陷達后緣,第3、4背板具中心鬃。雄性側(cè)尾葉明顯長于肛尾葉,尾面觀端半部細長、窄,并且向內(nèi)側(cè)彎曲。
分布:中國*(遼寧);俄羅斯(遠東),韓國,日本(本土)。
2.2.1.4 烏蘇等鬃寄蠅Peribaeaussuriensis(Mesnil, 1963) (圖1, g, h)
圖1 中國新紀(jì)錄種Fig.1 Newly recorded species in Chinaa, b花截尾寄蠅;c, d巨角錐腹寄蠅;e, f彎葉芙寄蠅;g, h烏蘇等鬃寄蠅; a, c, e, g背面觀; b, d, f, h側(cè)面觀。a, b, Nemorilla floralis; c, d, Smidtia magnicornis; e, f, Phryno tenuiforceps; g, h, Peribaea ussuriensis; a, c, e, g in dorsal view; b, d, f, h in lateral view.
鑒別特征:體長至多6 mm,側(cè)顏最窄處至少是觸角第三節(jié)寬的3/5,頭的上方在眼后鬃列下方具1列黑色小鬃,側(cè)顏無發(fā)達的鬃。第一根溝后翅上鬃長于背側(cè)片鬃,小盾端鬃細或毛狀,亞端鬃聚攏或交叉,下側(cè)的前氣門鬃朝向前腹側(cè);前緣脈第二段腹側(cè)具毛,R1脈背面端部1/2具毛,R4+5脈從基部到r-m橫脈之間的脈段具毛,前足脛節(jié)端位前背鬃明顯短于端位背鬃,中足脛節(jié)具1根前背鬃,后足脛節(jié)具3端位背鬃。腹部第1+2合背板和第3背板底色大部分黃色,背板都無中心鬃,第1+2合背板重要凹陷不達后緣。
分布:中國*(遼寧);俄羅斯(烏蘇里),日本(北海道,本州,九州,琉球)。
2.2.2 遼寧新分布紀(jì)錄28種
紅斑緣刺寄蠅Eriothrixrufomaculata(De Geer, 1776),白帶柔寄蠅Thelairaleucozona(Panzer, 1806),橫帶三角寄蠅Trigonospilatransvittata(Pandellé, 1896),金粉贅寄蠅Drino(s.str.)auripollinisChao & Liang, 1998,蓮花贅寄蠅D.lota(Meigen, 1824),小贅寄蠅D.minutaLiang & Chao, 1998,擬庸贅寄蠅D.inconspicuoides(Baranov, 1932),日本異叢寄蠅Isosturmiajaponica(Mesnil, 1957),滑帕贅寄蠅Paradrinolaevicula(Mesnil, 1951),葉蜂菲寄蠅Phebelliaclavellariae(Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891),長鬃魏寄蠅Weingaertneriellalongiseta(van der Wulp, 1881),八小寄蠅Carceliellaoctava(Baranov, 1931),粉帶伊樂寄蠅Elodiaambulatoria(Meigen, 1824),被攆寄蠅Myxexoristopsstolida(Stein, 1924),連克寄蠅Clytiomyacontinua(Panzer, 1798),普通球腹寄蠅Gymnosomarotundatum(Linnaeus, 1758),拼葉江寄蠅JanthinomyiafelderiBrauer & Bergenstamm, 1893,菲短須寄蠅LinnaemyafelisMesnil, 1957,裸顏陽寄蠅Panzeriavagans(Meigen, 1824),棒須陽寄蠅P.excellens(Zimin, 1957),腹球陽寄蠅P.globiventrisChao & Shi, 1981,腹斑葉甲寄蠅Macquartiatessellum(Meigen, 1824),紅腹敏寄蠅Minthorufiventris(Fallén, 1816),熟昆寄蠅Entomophagaexoleta(Meigen, 1824),脛等鬃寄蠅Peribaeatibialis(Robineau-Desvoidy, 1851),片肛長須寄蠅Peleteriachaoi(Zimin, 1961),兇野長須寄蠅P.ferina(Zetterstedt, 1844),毛肋寄蠅Tachinajakovlewii(Portschinsky, 1882)。
2.3 渾河源保護區(qū)寄蠅區(qū)系組成和分析
本研究在遼寧渾河源自然保護區(qū)次生森林、灌叢和草地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中,共采集2553號寄蠅標(biāo)本,經(jīng)整理保存和實驗室分類鑒定,有4亞科23族84屬158種,分別占中國已知族、屬和種的54.76%(23/42),29.12%(83/285)和12.62%(158/1252),其中61種為古北界特有種,占總數(shù)的38.61%;86種為古北、東洋兩界共有種,占總數(shù)的54.43%;5種為古北界+東洋界+澳洲界共有種,占總數(shù)的3.16%;古北界+東洋界+新北界共有種是腹長足寄蠅DexiaventralisAldrich, 1925,占總數(shù)的0.63%;古北界+東洋界+非洲熱帶界共有種是蓮花贅寄蠅Drinolota(Meigen, 1824),占總數(shù)的0.63%;亞世界性(古北界+東洋界+非洲熱帶界+澳洲界+新北界)分布的是金龜長喙寄蠅Prosenasiberita(Fabricius, 1775)和康刺腹寄蠅Compsiluraconcinnata(Meigen, 1824),占總數(shù)的1.27%;世界性(古北界+東洋界+非洲熱帶界+澳洲界+新北界+新熱帶界)分布的是鄉(xiāng)蝸寄蠅Voriaruralis(Fallén, 1810),占總數(shù)的0.63%。以上結(jié)果表明,遼寧渾河源自然保護區(qū)寄蠅科昆蟲區(qū)系組成以古北界種、古北界和東洋界共有種為主,占總數(shù)的93.04%。
表3 遼寧渾河源保護區(qū)寄蠅科的區(qū)域組成
Table 3 Composition of taxa of Tachinidae from Liaoning HRSNR
區(qū)域Areas族Tribes屬Genera種Species渾河源HRSNR2383158中國China422851256世界World581500約8500
本次生林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中,采集到數(shù)量n≥40的寄蠅優(yōu)勢種有15種:鄉(xiāng)蝸寄蠅Voriaruralis(Fallén, 1810),褐瓣麥寄蠅MedinafuscisquamaMesnil, 1953,三齒美根寄蠅MeigeniatridentataMesnil, 1961,格納狹頰寄蠅Carceliagnava(Meigen, 1824),園尼里寄蠅Nileahortulana(Meigen, 1824),昏暗蜉寄蠅Phoroceraobscura(Fallén, 1810),烏蘇里膝芒寄蠅Goniaussuriensis(Rohdendorf, 1928),拱頭芙寄蠅Phrynovetula(Meigen, 1824),松毛蟲錐腹寄蠅Smidtiaamoena(Meigen, 1824),阿格筒腹寄蠅CylindromyiaagnieszkaeKolomiets, 1977,桓仁突顏寄蠅PhasiahuanrenensisZhang & Zhao, 2011,羅德突顏寄蠅P.rohdendorfi(Draber-Mońko, 1965),缺緣陽寄蠅Panzeriainusta(Mesnil, 1957),鈍突長須寄蠅Peleteriapropinqua(Zimin, 1961),黃白寄蠅TachinaursinaMeigen, 1824。它們主要來自追寄蠅亞科和寄蠅亞科及長足寄蠅亞科蝸寄蠅族,其寄
表 4 遼寧渾河源保護區(qū)/中國寄蠅科各分類階元數(shù)量組成
主主要是鱗翅目害蟲;還有突顏寄蠅亞科3優(yōu)勢種,其寄主主要是半翅目蝽類;說明渾河源自然保護區(qū)黃代溝和地車溝的森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)以鱗翅目、半翅目昆蟲居多。兩年來調(diào)查過程中,保護區(qū)沒有使用殺蟲劑,基本沒有觀察到害蟲大量發(fā)生,提示渾河源自然保護區(qū)的寄蠅及其它天敵昆蟲明顯起到了維持森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)自我穩(wěn)定與平衡的生物控制作用。
致謝:中國科學(xué)院清原森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)觀測研究站(Qingyuan Forest CERN, Chinese Academy of Sciences) 朱教君研究員、于立忠高工等為本研究提供野外實驗基地和必要支撐保障服務(wù),沈陽師范大學(xué)李辛夷老師參加并協(xié)助采集工作,在此一并表示真誠致謝。
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Fauna resource of Tachinidae in Liaoning Hun River Source Nature Reserve of China
LIANG Hou-Can, LI He-Nan, WU Peng-Feng, ZHANG Yan-Sen, LI Xin, SUN Qi,LI Bing, ZHANG Yi-Zhuo, ZHANG Chun-Tian*
(College of Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China)
Investigating the biodiversity and fauna of Tachinidae (Diptera) in Liaoning Hun River Source Nature Reserve of NE China. Morphological taxonomy and biogeography methods were applied in this study and 2553 tachinid specimens were collected. Results: The specimens of Tachinidae from Hun River Source were examined and 158 species, 83 genera, 23 tribes, 4 subfamilies were recognized, are separately 23.54% tribes, 29.47% genera, 12.62% species of China, and adults occuring dates and 15 dominated species among Hun River Rourse forestry ecosystems are provided. The fauna of its tachinid flies are dominated by 61 Palaearctic species (38.61%) and 86 common Palaearctic and Oriental species (54.43%), total 147 species (93.04%). Four species are newly recorded in China and their diagnosis and photos are provided:Peribaeaussuriensis(Mesnil, 1963),Phrynotenuiforceps(Tachi, 2013),Nemorillafloralis(Meigen, 1824),SmidtiamagnicornisMesnil, 1967, 28 species are newly recorded for Liaoning.
Liaoning Qingyuan; Tachinidae; fauna; checklist; new record
國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(31272279,31093430,31493021,KJZD-EW-TZ-L07)
梁厚燦,男,碩士研究生,研究方向為昆蟲分類與進化,E-mail: 751611123@qq.com
*通訊作者Author for correspondence,E-mail:chuntianzhang@aliyun.com
Received:2016-09-18;接收日期Accepted:2016-10-20
Q968. 2
A
1674-0858(2016)06-1214-10