Abstract：Nowadays， humor has been a heated topic for scholars from different disciplines. In China， Zhao Benshans comic piece always ranks among the best for his humorous language and performing art. Therefore， many scholars make a research on how the humorous effect is generated in his comic piece. This essay is a tentative analysis of humor found in Zhao Benshans comic piece Donate Money from the violation of four maxims： maxim of quantity， maxim of quality， maxim of relevance and maxim of manner.

Key words：humor; Zhaos comic piece; Cooperative Principle

In order to convey some additional meaning and humorous effect， characters in Donate Money purposely offer information which is less or more than what has been asked; or say what they believe to be false or say things that are not related; or say things which are not clear and brief. Therefore， the humorous effect is realized by violating the four maxims.

1. Violation maxim of quantity in Donate Money

Violation of maxim of quantity can be grouped into two categories： providing information less than required and providing more information than needed. Concerning the second sub-maxim of Quantity “do not make your contribution more informative than is required” is frequently appears in Donate Money. The following example illustrates this case.

大長臉：沒事，大爺是這么回事，搜狗是個輸入法，只要在這輸入法上打上二位的名字，哎，馬上就出來了。不光電腦上有，手機上也有。

錢大爺：呵呵，這會兒聽明白了。就是搜狗，他先出來，后來我牽根繩出來的，不管咋說，搜得到，還是全球的啊。（《捐款，2010》）

In this talk exchange， the photographer explained clearly that sougou is a kind of input method. Only by replying with “I see”， the conversation should have been finished. However， Qian provides more information that Bai will be first searched out in the way of searching a dog and then he will be searched out later pulling a rope in his hand. In fact， Qian wants to make fun of Bai to compare him to a dog. This over information tends to generate a piece of humor.

2. Violation of maxim of quality

Grice points out explicitly that the employment of several rhetoric devices， including irony， metaphor， hyperbole and meiosis， typically give rise to the violation of the first sub-maxim of Quality. In Donate Money， there is a talk exchange like this：

洋洋：啊大爺，您是怎么評價您親家這個人的呢？

白大爺：他這個人，就好比當(dāng)年的三毛、哪吒、金剛葫蘆娃。

洋洋：為什么都是小孩呢？

白大爺：大人誰能干出這事兒來？（《捐款，2010》）

In the context， uncle Bai compares Qian as the characters from childrens books. However， we know that uncle Qian is an old man， not a kid. This metaphor carries the implicature that no adult can make such mistake like uncle Qian. Here， audience feel very funny for the comparison. Many cases in Zhaos comic piece produce the humorous language in this way. Here is another case：

錢大爺：這孩子這不胡鬧嗎。這都多大歲數(shù)人了，這么老了這么會是我兒子呢？

洋洋： 我是瞧你看他一眼，就以為他是你兒子呢。

錢大爺：我看他一眼，我還看你兩眼呢，這么排你還是我孫子呢。（《捐款，2010》）

In this talk exchange， Qian obviously violates the first sub-maxim of Quality. i.e. do not say what you believe to be false. Here， Qian says that you think we are father and son because I take a glance at Bai and in this way， I can conclude that you would be my grandson if I took two glances at you. Obviously， Qian spoke what he believes to be false and makes audience burst into laughter.

3. Violation of Maxim of Relevance

As for the maxim of relation， it requires that each talk exchange should have a connection with each other rather than what is talked is irrelevant to the topic being discussed. The following example is a typical one：

錢大爺：凈扯淡……那還能活不??？人家全球都知道這點事了。還捐錯了？要錢要臉？

白大爺：我要老伴……（《捐款，2010》）

In this short conversation， Qian asks Bai which does he want， money or face？ Bai replies that he wants a wife instead. The talk exchange seems to be irrelevant， which makes the dialogue very funny. Sometimes， Zhao deliberately uses irrelevant answer to change the topic which makes audience burst into laughter.

4. Violation of Maxim of Manner

With regard to the maxim of manner， it requires one to avoid obscurity of expression and ambiguity， and to be brief and orderly. It requires that the conveyed meaning should be clear enough. In this comic piece， Zhao skillfully uses the partial tone to violate the maxim of manner， because the partial tone of Chinese characters always produces ambiguity. The following examples in Donate Money violate the maxim of manner by using the method of partial tone.

Example 1：

洋 ?洋：啊，大爺你好！

白大爺：沒好！

錢大爺：他說生活美好，你說全了你別老丟字兒??！生活美好，美好的生活就是享受。是不是??？說全了他，現(xiàn)場直播呢！來……

Example 2：

白大爺：憑什么不讓我說話？我是股東。

阿 ?姨：股東？

錢大爺：他那意思，這個行為全是他鼓動的。沒有他鼓動我都不一定能干這事兒。（《捐款，2010》）

Zhao intentionally gives a misinterpret of “沒好”（not fine） and “美好”（happy）， “股東”（stockholder） and “鼓動”（instigate）. In Chinese characters， “沒好” and “美好”， “股東” and “鼓動” are partial tone. Here， in order to conceal the fact that he denotes money by mistake and save face， he deliberately uses this method to distort the speaker meaning. The audience burst into laughing for Zhaos humor and wit.

In Donate Money， the talk exchanges most frequently violate the maxim of relevance while the maxim of manner is the least violated. Besides， in the case of this comic piece， many rhetorical devices， namely metaphor， irony， antithesis are employed. Because the cases of the maxim of “be orderly” and “be obscure” in Donate Money are not representative， we do not have the analysis here.

【Bibliography】

[1] Grice， H.P. Logic and Conversation[M]. In Cole and Morgan， 1975.

[2] Ronald Wardhaugh. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics[M]. Beijing： Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press， 2000.

[3] 段滿福， 李滿亮. 實用英語語言學(xué)[M]. 呼和浩特： 內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)出版社， 2007.

[4] 胡壯麟， 姜望琪. 語言學(xué)高級教程[M]. 北京： 北京大學(xué)出版社， 2001.

[5] 鄧夢蘭. 合作原則與趙本山小品中的幽默[J]. 湘南學(xué)院學(xué)報， 2009（4）：72-75.

【作者簡介】

張波（1985—），女，單位：內(nèi)蒙古科技大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院，主要研究方向：外國語言學(xué)及應(yīng)用語言學(xué)。