溫家欣,陳 林 ,賴宇紅,雷 毅
(1.廣東省食品藥品檢驗(yàn)所,廣東 廣州 510180;2.廣東藥學(xué)院 藥科學(xué)院,廣東 廣州 510006)
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高效液相色譜法同時(shí)快速測(cè)定涼茶中11種非法添加化學(xué)藥物
溫家欣1*,陳 林2,賴宇紅1,雷 毅1
(1.廣東省食品藥品檢驗(yàn)所,廣東 廣州 510180;2.廣東藥學(xué)院 藥科學(xué)院,廣東 廣州 510006)
核-殼亞3μm色譜柱;涼茶;非法添加;化學(xué)藥物;高效液相色譜(HPLC)
涼茶是藥茶、保健茶的一種,是嶺南人民根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)囟嘤瓿睗竦臍夂蛱攸c(diǎn)和水土特性,在長(zhǎng)期預(yù)防暑熱、疾病的過(guò)程中,以中醫(yī)養(yǎng)生理論為指導(dǎo),中草藥為基礎(chǔ),研制總結(jié)出的一類具有清熱解毒、生津止渴等功效的飲料總稱[1]。自2006 年廣東涼茶成功列入首批國(guó)家級(jí)非物質(zhì)文化保護(hù)遺產(chǎn)以來(lái),涼茶產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展迅猛,不僅在傳統(tǒng)的涼茶市場(chǎng)(廣東、廣西地區(qū))發(fā)展勁頭十足,甚至在全國(guó)也開(kāi)始掀起涼茶風(fēng)潮。但是,在涼茶行業(yè)快速發(fā)展的同時(shí),激烈的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)也帶來(lái)不少問(wèn)題。一些不法商家為增強(qiáng)療效,在涼茶中非法添加解熱鎮(zhèn)痛藥物[2-3],已影響到整個(gè)涼茶行業(yè)的信譽(yù),可能會(huì)給飲用者帶來(lái)嚴(yán)重后果。
1.1 儀器與試劑
1.2 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液的配制
分別精密稱取11種成分的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)物質(zhì)約10 mg,置于20 mL容量瓶中,用甲醇-乙腈(1∶1)溶液溶解配成濃度約為500 mg/L的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)儲(chǔ)備溶液,再將該儲(chǔ)備溶液用流動(dòng)相C溶液(0.1%三氟乙酸三乙胺)稀釋制備成0.5,1.0,2.5,5.0,10,25 mg/L的系列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液。
1.3 樣品前處理方法
精密量取10 mL樣品,置于50 mL容量瓶中,先加入甲醇-乙腈(1∶1)溶液30 mL,超聲提取10 min,用甲醇-乙腈(1∶1)溶液稀釋至刻度,搖勻,精密量取上清液5 mL,置于10 mL容量瓶中,用流動(dòng)相C溶液稀釋、定容,經(jīng)0.45 μm濾膜過(guò)濾。
1.4 HPLC法
1.5 HPLC-MS/MS法
色譜柱:Phenomenex luna C18(2.0 mm×150 mm,5 μm);流速:0.3 mL/min;柱溫:35 ℃;進(jìn)樣量:10 μL;流動(dòng)相:甲醇(A),乙腈(B),0.1%三氟乙酸三乙胺溶液(C,pH 3.0)。梯度洗脫程序:0~6 min,9%~15% A,6%~10% B;6~9 min,15%~30% A,10%~20% B;9~11 min,30%~65% A,20%~30% B;11~12 min,65%~9% A ,30%~6% B;12~15 min,9% A,6% B。
表1 選擇反應(yīng)監(jiān)測(cè)參數(shù)
Table 1 Selective reaction monitor (SRM) parameters
No.CompoundQuantitativeionpairCE?(V)QualitativeionpairCE?(V)1Acetaminophen(對(duì)乙酰氨基酚)1519/1100141519/652292Sulfapirazinmetossina(磺胺甲唑)2540/1560142540/1080223Aspirin(阿司匹林)1790/1372101790/930214Salicylicacid(水楊酸)1370/932181370/65430
*CE:collision energy
2.1 HPLC條件的優(yōu)化
2.1.1 提取溶劑的選擇 從溶解度分析,對(duì)乙酰氨基酚、阿司匹林和水楊酸微溶于水,易溶于甲醇、乙醇;喹諾酮類藥物微溶于水和甲醇,易溶于酸或堿溶液;磺胺類藥物在水中幾乎不溶,易溶于稀酸溶液;四環(huán)素類藥物在水、乙醇和乙腈中微溶,在稀酸中溶解。本文采用甲醇、乙腈和甲醇-乙腈溶液(1∶1)作為提取溶劑,比較發(fā)現(xiàn),用甲醇作提取溶劑時(shí),喹諾酮類藥物的回收率均低于70%;用乙腈作提取溶劑時(shí),喹諾酮類、四環(huán)素類藥物的回收率均低于75%。而采用甲醇-乙腈(1∶1)溶液作提取溶劑時(shí),11種成分的提取效率高,且回收率穩(wěn)定。
2.1.4 柱效性能的比較 在相同的流動(dòng)相體系下,分別采用安捷倫公司的Poroshell 120 EC C18和ZORBAX Eclipse C18色譜柱對(duì)11種待測(cè)藥物的混合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液進(jìn)行檢測(cè)(見(jiàn)圖1)。比較圖1A~B可知:采用與Poroshell 120 EC C18同一品牌的ZORBAX Eclipse C18作為常規(guī)5 μm色譜柱代表,流速為1.0 mL/min,通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)流動(dòng)相比例,所有待測(cè)藥物均在45 min內(nèi)完全分離。而核-殼亞3 μm色譜柱Poroshell 120 EC C18在流速1.2 mL/min條件下,15 min內(nèi)可將11種成分完全分離,相比于ZORBAX Eclipse C18色譜柱,可節(jié)省約66%的分析時(shí)間和約60%的溶劑。
圖1 11種成分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液在不同色譜柱下的色譜圖(25 μg/mL)
Fig.1 Chromatograms of 11 compounds mixed standard solutions(25 μg/mL) on different columns
A:Poroshell 120 EC C18;B:ZORBAX Eclipse C18;1.acetaminophen,2.sulfadiazine,3.sulfamethazine,4.terramycin,5.ofloxacin,6.sulfapirazinmetossina,7.ciprofloxacin,8.salicylic acid,9.aspirin,10.lomefloxacin,11.doxycycline
2.2 線性關(guān)系與檢出限
取“1.2”的系列混合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液,按上述方法測(cè)定,各化合物的線性范圍、回歸方程(y為峰面積;x為質(zhì)量濃度,mg/L)及相關(guān)系數(shù)見(jiàn)表2。11種成分在0.5~25 mg/L范圍內(nèi)線性關(guān)系良好,相關(guān)系數(shù)均不小于0.998 2。
取陰性樣品10 mL,置50 mL容量瓶中,加標(biāo)準(zhǔn)儲(chǔ)備液適量,用流動(dòng)相C逐級(jí)稀釋,按3倍信噪比(S/N=3)計(jì)算方法檢出限,結(jié)果見(jiàn)表2。11種成分的檢出限為1~5 mg/L。
表2 11種成分的線性關(guān)系與檢出限
Table 2 Linear relations and limits of detection of 11 compounds
No.CompoundLinearrange(mg/L)RegressionequationrLOD(mg/L)1Acetaminophen(對(duì)乙酰氨基酚)05~25y=356084x-813960999212Sulfadiazine(磺胺嘧啶)05~25y=391939x-1072920999113Sulfamethazine(磺胺二甲嘧啶)05~25y=358888x-887660999214Terramycin(土霉素)05~25y=121220x-822440998815Ofloxacin(氧氟沙星)05~25y=421746x-3422940998416Sulfapirazinmetossina(磺胺甲唑)05~25y=365786x-1009370999217Ciprofloxacin(環(huán)丙沙星)05~25y=362911x-3482830998318Salicylicacid(水楊酸)05~25y=224825x-1416050998459Aspirin(阿司匹林)05~25y=103123x-5017809997510Lomefloxacin(洛美沙星)05~25y=548232x-47032409982111Doxycycline(強(qiáng)力霉素)05~25y=96997x-107979099872
2.3 精密度與回收率
取一批空白樣品10 mL,分別做低、中、高(0.25,0.50,1.0 mg) 3個(gè)濃度水平的加標(biāo)回收實(shí)驗(yàn),平行配制6份,按上述方法進(jìn)行測(cè)定,結(jié)果見(jiàn)表3。11種成分的平均回收率為86.9%~108.0%,RSD為0.5%~1.4%。
表3 11種成分的回收率及相對(duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差(n=6)
Table 3 Average recoveries and relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 11 compounds (n=6)
No.CompoundSpiked(mg)Averagerecovery(%)RSD(%)1Acetaminophen025,050,101026,979,98714,12,122Sulfadiazine025,050,101016,974,97208,07,083Sulfamethazine025,050,101011,971,96306,05,054Terramycin025,050,101054,1006,98010,08,075Ofloxacin025,050,101068,1060,101407,06,076Sulfapirazinmetossina025,050,101020,970,94706,05,067Ciprofloxacin025,050,101076,1054,101409,06,058Salicylicacid025,050,10930,910,91509,07,069Aspirin025,050,101033,983,100808,07,0510Lomefloxacin025,050,101080,1076,102509,05,0711Doxycycline025,050,10905,869,89211,10,09
表4 典型陽(yáng)性樣品的測(cè)定結(jié)果
Table 4 Determination results of some typical positive samples
SampleNo.CompoundConcentration(mg/L)1Acetaminophen50502Acetaminophen265Aspirin48Salicylicacid2093Sulfapirazinmetossina1994Acetaminophen25Acetaminophen26Acetaminophen14807Acetaminophen48Aspirin9Salicylicacid2329Acetaminophen496
2.4 實(shí)際樣品的測(cè)定
2.5 HPLC-MS/MS法定性結(jié)果
4種陽(yáng)性成分的總離子流(TIC)圖和提取離子流(XIC)圖見(jiàn)圖3。在相同條件下,實(shí)際樣品中的陽(yáng)性成分與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液的XIC圖一致,說(shuō)明HPLC-MS/MS法定性確證結(jié)果與本文所建立的HPLC法測(cè)定結(jié)果相同。
圖2 對(duì)乙酰氨基酚、阿司匹林與水楊酸陽(yáng)性樣品(A)和磺胺甲陽(yáng)性樣品(B)的代表性圖譜Fig.2 Chromatograms of an acetaminophen,aspirin and salicylic acid positive sample(A)and a sulfapirazinmetossina positive sample(B)the number denoted was the same as that in Table 2
圖3 4種陽(yáng)性成分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液的TIC圖和XIC圖(0.5 μg/mL)
Fig.3 Total ion chromatograms(TIC) and extracted ion chromatograms(XIC) of 4 mixed standard solutions(0.5 μg/mL)
A:TIC of 4 mixed standard solutions,B:XIC of aspirin,C:XIC of salicylic acid,D:XIC of acetaminophen,E:XIC of sulfapirazinmetossina
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Rapid and Simultaneous Analysis of 11 Adulterated Drugs in Herbal Tea by HPL
CWEN Jia-xin1*,CHEN Lin2,LAI Yu-hong1,LEI Yi1
(1.Guangdong Institute for Food and Drug Control,Guangzhou 510180,China;2.School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University,Guangzhou 510006,China)
A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the determination of 11 adulterated drugs (acetaminophen,aspirin,salicylic acid,sulfapirazinmetossina,sulfadiazine,sulfamethazine,ofloxacin,ciprofloxacin,lomefloxacin,terramycin and doxycycline) in herbal tea was developed.The samples were extracted ultrasonically with methanol-acetonitrile (1∶1),and the extracts were separated on an Agilent Poroshell 120 EC C18column (100 mm×4.6 mm,2.7 μm) with trifluoroacetic acid triethylamine (pH 3.0)-methanol-acetonitrile as mobile phases by gradient elution.The flow rate was 1.2 mL/min and the column temperature was 35 ℃.Identification of 11 compounds was achieved by the comparison of the chromatographic peaks' retention times and the DAD spectra between the samples and reference substances.Quantification analysis was performed by the external standard method.The calibration curves showed good linearities in the range of 0.5-25 mg/L with correlation coefficients not less than 0.998 2.The detection limits of 11 compounds ranged from 1 mg/L to 5 mg/L.The average recoveries ranged from 86.9% to 108.0% with RSDs of 0.5%-1.4%.The method was applied in the analysis of 286 herbal tea samples,and 9 positive samples containing acetaminophen,aspirin,salicylic acid and sulfapirazinmetossina were found.The positive samples were further identified and verified by HPLC-MS/MS.The experimental results indicated that the proposed method was simple,sensitive and accurate,and was suitable for the determination of 11 adulterated drugs in herbal tea.
fused-core sub-3 μm particle column;herbal tea;adulteration;drugs;high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
2015-07-31;
2015-08-28
廣東省中醫(yī)藥局科研課題(20132111);廣東省省級(jí)科技計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2013B090200059);廣州市健康產(chǎn)品非法添加化學(xué)成分快速檢測(cè)技術(shù)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室項(xiàng)目(2013年);廣東省食品藥品檢驗(yàn)檢測(cè)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新專項(xiàng)(2015ZX01)
10.3969/j.issn.1004-4957.2016.03.005
O657.72;TQ460.72
A
1004-4957(2016)03-0285-07
*通訊作者:溫家欣,碩士,研究方向:食品藥品檢測(cè),Tel:020-32079725,E-mail:ellawen224@qq.com