朱淑玲, 武彤彤, 方 勤, 楊清緒
惠州市中心人民醫(yī)院病理科,惠州 516001
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印片細(xì)胞學(xué)聯(lián)合快速免疫組化檢測(cè)在乳腺癌前哨淋巴結(jié)活檢術(shù)中診斷的應(yīng)用
朱淑玲, 武彤彤, 方 勤, 楊清緒*
惠州市中心人民醫(yī)院病理科,惠州 516001
目的: 探討乳腺癌前哨淋巴結(jié)活檢(SLNB)術(shù)中,印片細(xì)胞學(xué)(TIC)與快速免疫組化(RIHC)聯(lián)合應(yīng)用診斷乳腺癌前哨淋巴結(jié)(SLN)轉(zhuǎn)移的價(jià)值。方法: 選擇89例乳腺癌患者,共281枚SLN ,在SLNB中行TIC和(或)RIHC檢測(cè)。RIHC檢查以廣譜細(xì)胞角蛋白19(pan-cytokeratin 19,pan-CK19)為指標(biāo)。以術(shù)后石蠟切片診斷為對(duì)照,分析單獨(dú)TIC和TIC聯(lián)合RIHC診斷乳腺癌SLN轉(zhuǎn)移的陽(yáng)性檢出率、敏感度、準(zhǔn)確率、假陰性率。結(jié)果: TIC診斷乳腺癌SLN轉(zhuǎn)移的陽(yáng)性檢出率為25.8%(23/89),TIC聯(lián)合RIHC診斷乳腺癌SLN轉(zhuǎn)移的陽(yáng)性檢出率為36.0%(32/89),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義 (P<0.05)。TIC及RIHC診斷乳腺癌SLN轉(zhuǎn)移的特異度均為100.0%。單獨(dú)TIC檢查診斷乳腺癌SLN轉(zhuǎn)移的敏感度為69.7%(23/33),TIC聯(lián)合RIHC檢查的敏感度為97.0%(32/33),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.001)。單獨(dú)TIC檢查診斷乳腺癌SLN轉(zhuǎn)移的假陰性率為30.3%(10/33),TIC聯(lián)合RIHC檢查的假陰性率為3.0%(1/33),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.001)。結(jié)論: 乳腺癌SLNB中聯(lián)合應(yīng)用TIC和RIHC檢查能提高乳腺癌SLN轉(zhuǎn)移的檢出率、敏感度和準(zhǔn)確率。
乳腺癌; 前哨淋巴結(jié); 印片細(xì)胞學(xué); 快速免疫組化
前哨淋巴結(jié)(sentinel lymph node,SLN)是指局部淋巴結(jié)中最先接受淋巴引流的一個(gè)或少數(shù)幾個(gè)淋巴結(jié)。乳腺癌前哨淋巴結(jié)活檢 (sentinel lymph node biopsy,SLNB)可準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測(cè)腋窩淋巴結(jié)的轉(zhuǎn)移狀況。SLNB陰性者可避免腋窩淋巴結(jié)清掃(axillary lymph node dissection,ALND),從而減少患者發(fā)生手臂及肩部并發(fā)癥,提高患者生活質(zhì)量[1-2]。本研究應(yīng)用印片細(xì)胞學(xué)(touch imprint cytology,TIC)和快速免疫組化(rapid immunohistochemistry staining,RIHC)技術(shù)對(duì)89例乳腺癌患者的281枚SLN進(jìn)行檢測(cè),比較術(shù)中單獨(dú)TIC與TIC聯(lián)合RIHC診斷乳腺癌SLN轉(zhuǎn)移的檢出率、敏感度、特異度,探討兩者聯(lián)合檢測(cè)乳腺癌SLN的可行性及臨床意義。
1.1 一般資料 惠州市中心人民醫(yī)院2013 年 1 月—12 月收治89例乳腺癌患者,共281枚SLN,在SLNB術(shù)中行TIC及RIHC檢測(cè)。患者均為女性, 年齡29~73歲,平均(49.10±7.65)歲。腫塊直徑≤5.0 cm,平均(2.73±0.66) cm。術(shù)后石蠟切片病理診斷:浸潤(rùn)性導(dǎo)管癌71 例,浸潤(rùn)性小葉癌 11 例,導(dǎo)管內(nèi)癌伴微浸潤(rùn)3例,髓樣癌 2 例,黏液癌2例。1.2 試 劑 即用型非生物素免疫組化 EliVisionTM super 檢測(cè)試劑盒購(gòu)自美國(guó) DAKO 公司;鼠抗人 CK19 單克隆抗體購(gòu)自美國(guó)Sigma 公司。
1.3 方 法 將SLN沿長(zhǎng)軸對(duì)分,兩切面分別印片行TIC檢測(cè)。1份用于RIHC檢查,檢測(cè)指標(biāo)為廣譜細(xì)胞角蛋白19(pan-cytokeratin 19, pan-CK19);1份用于術(shù)后連續(xù)石蠟切片,切片行常規(guī)蘇木精-伊紅(H-E)染色。如SLNB術(shù)中RIHC和TIC均為陰性,不行ALND;如SLNB術(shù)中TIC和(或)RIHC為陽(yáng)性,則行ALND。
RIHC檢查方法:(1)冰凍切片在甲醇中固定1 min,取出后自然晾干(約15 s);(2)加一抗(按1:50稀釋?zhuān)♂屢簝?nèi)加入1%小牛血清),37℃ 孵育5~10 min,用磷酸鹽緩沖液(PBS; 0.01 mol/L,pH 7.4)沖洗3次,每次10 s;(3)加入聚合物增強(qiáng)劑,37℃孵育5 min,用PBS沖洗3次,每次10 s;(4)加二抗,37℃孵育5 min,用PBS沖洗3次,每次5 s;(5)DAB 37℃染色1 min,用雙蒸水沖洗3次,每次5 s;(6)H-E復(fù)染15 s,45℃水浴15 s 返藍(lán),封片后觀察。在操作過(guò)程中,嚴(yán)格控制沖洗的時(shí)間與次數(shù),以防出現(xiàn)非特異性背景染色;每次滴加試劑前需將組織片上的PBS吸干,以防試劑稀釋?zhuān)瑢?dǎo)致染色強(qiáng)度變?nèi)趸蚣訇幮园l(fā)生。免疫組化陽(yáng)性判斷方法:由病理科醫(yī)師在顯微鏡下判讀,在淋巴結(jié)內(nèi)見(jiàn)棕黃色染色上皮樣細(xì)胞且背景清晰即判斷為陽(yáng)性。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 使用SPSS 19.0 統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,兩組間率的比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。檢驗(yàn)水準(zhǔn)(α)為0.05。
2.1 SLN轉(zhuǎn)移癌檢出情況 以術(shù)后常規(guī)石蠟切片診斷為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),計(jì)算單獨(dú)TIC和TIC聯(lián)合RIHC診斷乳腺癌SLN轉(zhuǎn)移癌的特異性和敏感性。89例患者中,33例患者的43枚SLN術(shù)后經(jīng)常規(guī)石蠟切片檢查確診為陽(yáng)性,238枚SLN確診為陰性;經(jīng)TIC檢查,23例患者的29枚SLN診斷為陽(yáng)性(圖1A),9例患者的14枚SLN診斷為假陰性;經(jīng)TIC聯(lián)合RIHC檢查,32例患者的42枚SLN診斷為陽(yáng)性,其陽(yáng)性淋巴結(jié)中pan-CK19陽(yáng)性表達(dá)(圖1B),1例患者的1枚SLN診斷為假陰性。
A: TIC檢測(cè)見(jiàn)轉(zhuǎn)移癌陽(yáng)性淋巴結(jié)(×200); B: RIHC檢測(cè)見(jiàn)pan-CK19陽(yáng)性表達(dá)(×400)
2.2 2種方法檢測(cè)乳腺癌SLN轉(zhuǎn)移的陽(yáng)性檢出率、敏感度、準(zhǔn)確度比較 TIC檢測(cè)乳腺癌SLN轉(zhuǎn)移的陽(yáng)性檢出率為25.8%(23/89),TIC聯(lián)合RIHC的陽(yáng)性檢出率為36.0%(32/89),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.004)。TIC診斷乳腺癌SLN轉(zhuǎn)移的敏感度為69.7%,TIC聯(lián)合RIHC的診斷敏感度為97.0%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)有意義(P<0.001)。TIC診斷乳腺癌SLN轉(zhuǎn)移的準(zhǔn)確度為88.8%,TIC聯(lián)合RIHC診斷準(zhǔn)確度為98.9%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。單獨(dú)TIC檢查對(duì)SLN轉(zhuǎn)移癌的診斷假陰性率是30.3%,其中9例單獨(dú)TIC檢查未發(fā)現(xiàn)癌轉(zhuǎn)移的病例在進(jìn)一步經(jīng)RIHC檢查后發(fā)現(xiàn)癌細(xì)胞,pan-CK19在少量細(xì)胞中陽(yáng)性表達(dá),術(shù)后石蠟病理切片檢查證實(shí)在SLN中存在微小轉(zhuǎn)移灶;TIC聯(lián)合RIHC檢查的診斷假陰性率為3.0%。2種方法診斷假陰性率差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05) 。具體見(jiàn)表1~表2。
表1 TIC和TIC聯(lián)合RIHC與術(shù)后病理檢查結(jié)果的比較 n
表2 單獨(dú)TIC和TIC聯(lián)合RIHC診斷的敏感性和特異性比較 %
腋窩淋巴結(jié)狀態(tài)是獨(dú)立判斷乳腺癌預(yù)后的重要因素之一。腋窩淋巴結(jié)無(wú)轉(zhuǎn)移者約占早期乳腺癌患者的70%以上,對(duì)這類(lèi)患者應(yīng)避免行ALND;ALND會(huì)導(dǎo)致這類(lèi)患者術(shù)后出現(xiàn)患側(cè)上肢水腫、活動(dòng)受限、局部疼痛等并發(fā)癥[1-2]。研究[3]證實(shí),SLNB預(yù)測(cè)腋窩淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的準(zhǔn)確度>95%[3-4]。SLNB的應(yīng)用可使大部分腋窩淋巴結(jié)陰性的乳腺癌患者免行SLNB。目前,對(duì)于除T4期以外的乳腺癌腋窩淋巴結(jié)陰性浸潤(rùn)的患者,SLNB替代ALND成為檢測(cè)SLN轉(zhuǎn)移癌的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方法[5-6]。Orr等[7]認(rèn)為,當(dāng)SLN 轉(zhuǎn)移癌病理檢測(cè)的敏感度>90%時(shí),轉(zhuǎn)移陰性的患者才可免行ALND。
目前,術(shù)中快速病理學(xué)檢查方法包括TIC、冰凍切片、RIHC、實(shí)時(shí) RT-PCR等。傳統(tǒng)的SLNB術(shù)中診斷方法包括快速冰凍切片病理檢測(cè)和TIC檢查。術(shù)中快速冷凍切片診斷因切片的質(zhì)量及深度、染色的質(zhì)量、冰晶造成的細(xì)胞變形等問(wèn)題,導(dǎo)致其診斷的不確定性及漏診率高。van de Vrande等[8]報(bào)告,快速冰凍病理檢查診斷SLN轉(zhuǎn)移癌的敏感度為71.6%。而TIC檢查因檢查中細(xì)胞數(shù)目較少、細(xì)胞容易脫落、診斷主觀性較強(qiáng)等原因,導(dǎo)致其診斷敏感性較低、對(duì)微轉(zhuǎn)移病灶的診斷假陰性率高。一項(xiàng)薈萃分析[9]顯示,TIC檢查診斷SLN轉(zhuǎn)移癌的敏感度為63%,其對(duì)SLN轉(zhuǎn)移和微轉(zhuǎn)移的診斷敏感度分別為81%、22%。因此,經(jīng)快速冰凍病理檢查和TIC檢查的乳腺癌行ALND的比例較高。免疫組織化學(xué)技術(shù)是目前病理輔助診斷中最重要的技術(shù)。在乳腺癌SLN的檢查中,免疫組化檢查具有靈敏度、準(zhǔn)確度高等優(yōu)點(diǎn)[10],但是常規(guī)免疫組化檢查時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)(4~20 h),而RIHC檢查則可避免這個(gè)問(wèn)題。RIHC檢查對(duì)乳腺癌SLN轉(zhuǎn)移的診斷陽(yáng)性率明顯高于快速冰凍切片和連續(xù)石蠟切片,而與常規(guī)免疫組化檢查差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,表明RIHC檢查結(jié)果可靠。實(shí)時(shí)RT-PCR 檢查快速、靈敏度高,但不能區(qū)分淋巴結(jié)內(nèi)良惡性上皮細(xì)胞,假陽(yáng)性率較高[11]。
綜上所述,本研究結(jié)果顯示,TIC檢查診斷乳腺癌SLN轉(zhuǎn)移的敏感度低、假陰性率高;而TIC聯(lián)合RIHC檢查診斷乳腺癌SLN轉(zhuǎn)移不僅敏感度高、假陰性率低,并且具有快速、及時(shí)的優(yōu)點(diǎn),值得在臨床推廣。
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[本文編輯] 姬靜芳
Application of touch imprint cytology plus rapid immunohistochemistry staining in the intraoperative assessments of breast cancer sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs)
ZHU Shu-ling, WU Tong-tong, FANG Qin, YANG Qing-xu*
Department of Pathology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital,Huizhou 516001,Guangdong, China
Objective: To investigate the clinical values of touch imprint cytology (TIC) plus rapid immunohistochemistry staining (RIHC) in the intraoperative assessments of breast cancer sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs). Methods: A total of 281 SLNs from 89 patients of breast cancer were examined in this study. All those SLNs were evaluated with intraoperative touch imprint cytology and rapid immunohistochemistry staining. The RIHC indicator was pan-cytokeratin 19 (pan-CK 19). The two intraoperative methods are compared the results of SLNs metastases by postoperative routine pathological examination. Results: The detection rate of SLNs with TIC was 25.8% (23/89); the detection rate with touch imprint cytology plus rapid immunohistochemistry staining technique was 36.0%(32/89), which was much higher than touch imprint cytology(P<0.05). The specificity was both 100.0%. The sensitivity of TIC and TIC plus RIHC for detecting positive lymph node was 69.7% (23/33) and 97.0% (32/33), respectively. The sensitivity of TIC plus RIHC was significantly higher than that of TIC (P<0.001). The false negative rate of SLNs with TIC was 30.3% (10/33); the false negative rate with TIC plus RIHC was 3.0% (1/33), which was lower than TIC (P<0.001). Conclusions: Touch imprint cytology plus rapid immunohistochemistry staining can provide a reliable and precise result for the intraoperative assessment of breast cancer SLNs.
breast cancer; sentinel lymph node; touch imprint cytology; rapid immunohistochemistry staining
2016-05-28 [接受日期] 2016-07-25
朱淑玲,副主任技師. E-mail: 1760885423@qq.com
*通信作者(Corresponding author). Tel: 0752-2288244, E-mail: HZBINGLI@126.com
10.12025/j.issn.1008-6358.2016.20160630
短篇論著
R 365
A