康偉明 薛 毅 梁紅梅*
微創(chuàng)負(fù)壓引流技術(shù)聯(lián)合甲硝唑?qū){細(xì)胞性乳腺炎的治療*
康偉明①薛 毅①梁紅梅①*
目的:探討微創(chuàng)負(fù)壓引流技術(shù)聯(lián)合甲硝唑?qū){細(xì)胞性乳腺炎(PCM)的臨床治療效果。方法:選取120例漿細(xì)胞性乳腺炎患者,均為女性;年齡19~69周歲,平均年齡(36.9±1.9)歲;病程9~3年,平均(1.6±0.3)年;采用隨機(jī)數(shù)表法將其分為對(duì)照組與觀察組,每組60例。觀察組除給予口服甲硝唑聯(lián)合微創(chuàng)負(fù)壓引流技術(shù)對(duì)其病灶區(qū)進(jìn)行沖洗治療;對(duì)照組單純給予口服甲硝唑常規(guī)治療;治療后對(duì)兩組患者隨訪6~12個(gè)月,比較兩組的治療效果、治療時(shí)間、生活質(zhì)量、乳房外形滿意度以及復(fù)發(fā)情況。結(jié)果:觀察組治療總有效率為96.67%明顯高于對(duì)照組,兩組比較有差異(x2=4.072,P<0.05);觀察組的治療時(shí)間為7~17 d,平均(9.4±0.9)d,明顯低于對(duì)照組,兩組比較有差異(t=3.171,P<0.05);觀察組的生活質(zhì)量和對(duì)乳房外形的滿意度明顯高于對(duì)照組,兩組比較有差異(x2=1.288,x2=9.377,P<0.05);觀察組復(fù)發(fā)率為5.00%,明顯低于對(duì)照組,兩組比較有差異(x2=8.467,P<0.05)。結(jié)論:微創(chuàng)負(fù)壓引流技術(shù)聯(lián)合甲硝唑治療漿細(xì)胞性乳腺炎的治療效果好,治療時(shí)間縮短,復(fù)發(fā)率低,且患者滿意度高,值得臨床推廣應(yīng)用。
漿細(xì)胞性乳腺炎;微創(chuàng)負(fù)壓引流技術(shù);甲硝唑;臨床效果
[First-author’s address] Department of Galactophore, Shijiazhuangshi Fuyou Baojian Yuan, Shijiazhuang 050000, China.
漿細(xì)胞性乳腺炎(plasma cell mastitis,PCM)是以漿細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn),乳腺導(dǎo)管擴(kuò)張病變?yōu)榛A(chǔ)的乳腺炎癥性疾病[1]。由于很多患者病情反復(fù)容易復(fù)發(fā)而形成竇道,使病程遷延不愈,是臨床治療的難點(diǎn)[2]。非哺乳期年輕婦女是該病的易發(fā)人群,以傳統(tǒng)的手術(shù)方法治療容易使乳房毀形,且復(fù)發(fā)率高達(dá)48.8%[3]。本研究采用微創(chuàng)負(fù)壓引流技術(shù)(minimally invasive negative pressure drainage technology)聯(lián)合甲硝唑治療漿細(xì)胞性乳腺炎患者,取得了滿意的治療療效。
1.1一般資料
選擇2012年4月至2015年4月在石家莊市婦幼保健院就診的120例漿細(xì)胞性乳腺炎女性患者,年齡19~69歲,平均年齡(36.9±1.9)歲;病程9~3年,平均病程(1.6±0.3)年;所有患者均進(jìn)行鉬靶和彩超檢查,確診為漿細(xì)胞性乳腺炎。采用隨機(jī)數(shù)表法將患者分為對(duì)照組與觀察組,每組60例。觀察組給予口服甲硝唑聯(lián)合微創(chuàng)負(fù)壓引流技術(shù)對(duì)其病灶區(qū)進(jìn)行沖洗治療;對(duì)照組給予單純口服甲硝唑常規(guī)治療。兩組患者的一般資料相比無差異,具有可比性。
1.2納入與排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
(1)納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①確診為漿細(xì)胞性乳腺炎;②乳房有腫塊且邊界不清,乳頭有液體溢出[5]。
(2)排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①嚴(yán)重合并心、肺、肝、腎疾病者;②乳腺癌,乳腺結(jié)核,纖維腺瘤,免疫系統(tǒng)等疾病者;③其他嚴(yán)重疾病對(duì)本研究有影響的患者;④不同意參加本研究的患者。
1.3治療方法
兩組均給予口服甲硝唑常規(guī)治療。觀察組口服甲硝銼并采用微創(chuàng)負(fù)壓引流術(shù)?;颊呦冗M(jìn)行局部常規(guī)消毒麻醉,然后用B超進(jìn)行定位,找出病變區(qū)域,做小切口置負(fù)壓引流裝置,將留置針置于病變的區(qū)域進(jìn)行沖洗。沖洗方法為:0.9%生理鹽水注射液沖洗3~6次后,用留置針注入甲硝唑溶液進(jìn)行沖洗,保留時(shí)間為3 min。沖洗至B超監(jiān)測(cè)下腔內(nèi)無積液潴留,且引流管無液體流出,拔除留置管和留置針[6]。每日采用B超對(duì)其進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè)。
1.4療效評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)
治愈的表現(xiàn)為:膿腔消失,紅腫消退,竇道閉合,B超進(jìn)行復(fù)查時(shí),不規(guī)則低回聲灶消失或者無回聲灶消失。乳房的完整性按照Harris標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)[7-8]。
(1)根據(jù)治療標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)療效進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)[9]:①顯效。治療后乳房不再疼痛,乳頭不再溢出液體,乳房膚色恢復(fù)正常,腫塊消失,且竇道完全愈合;②有效。治療后乳房疼痛減輕,乳頭溢液減少,乳房膚色變淺,腫塊有較高程度的減小,竇道有較高程度的愈合;③無效。治療后乳房疼痛、乳頭溢液、乳房膚色、腫塊和竇道等的一些癥狀均無任何改善。
(2)根據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織(WTO)生活質(zhì)量(QOL)評(píng)分和視覺模擬疼痛(visual analogue scale,VAS)作為評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),QOL的滿分以100分計(jì),生活質(zhì)量越好分?jǐn)?shù)越高;VAS滿分以10分計(jì),疼痛越輕則分?jǐn)?shù)越低[10]。采用問卷調(diào)查的形式對(duì)患者隨訪6~12個(gè)月,比較兩組患者的生活質(zhì)量。
1.5統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 17.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理,計(jì)量資料以±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x-±s)表示,采用t檢驗(yàn),雙側(cè)檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料采用x2檢驗(yàn),以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1兩組患者治療效果比較
治療后觀察組患者顯效41例,有效17例,無效2例,治療總有效率為96.67%;對(duì)照組患者顯效27例,有效19例,無效15例,治療總有效率為75.00%。兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(x2=4.072,P<0.05)。
2.2兩組患者治療時(shí)間比較
觀察組治療時(shí)間為7~17 d,平均治療時(shí)間(9.4±0.9)d;對(duì)照組治療時(shí)間為12~25 d,平均治療時(shí)間(15.5±1.5)d,觀察組治療時(shí)間明顯少于對(duì)照組,兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=3.171,P=0.041)。
2.3兩組患者生活質(zhì)量比較
采用問卷調(diào)查的形式對(duì)患者隨訪6~12個(gè)月,觀察患者生活質(zhì)量。發(fā)放問卷120份,回收120份,回收率為100%。治療前兩組患者的生活質(zhì)量等因素比較差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,治療后隨訪,觀察組患者的QOL評(píng)分明顯高于對(duì)照組,兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=4.111,P<0.05),觀察組的VAS評(píng)分顯著低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=1.288,P<0.05),見表1。
2.4兩組患者乳房外形滿意度比較
參照Harris標(biāo)準(zhǔn)評(píng)價(jià),對(duì)治療后的120例患者對(duì)乳房外形的滿意度調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示,觀察組患者滿意度顯著高于對(duì)照組患者,兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(x2=9.377,P<0.05),見表2。
表1 兩組患者治療前后生活質(zhì)量評(píng)分比較
組別例數(shù)QOLVAS治療前治療后治療前治療后觀察組6047.9±11.980.8±8.45.1±0.90.9±0.3對(duì)照組6048.8±9.767.5±7.34.7±1.42.4±1.1 t值0.9284.1110.8991.288 P值>0.05<0.05>0.05<0.05
表2 兩組患者乳房外形滿意度比較(例)
2.5兩組患者乳腺炎復(fù)發(fā)情況比較
治療后隨訪12個(gè)月,觀察組患者乳腺炎復(fù)發(fā)率為5.00%,顯著低于對(duì)照組(18.33%)的復(fù)發(fā)率,兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(x2=8.467,P<0.05),見表3。
表3 兩組患者復(fù)發(fā)情況比較(例)
20世紀(jì)初,國(guó)外學(xué)者發(fā)現(xiàn)乳腺疾病是一種異常的病變所引起,該病的特征是漿細(xì)胞和肉芽組織大量存在,故將其命名為漿細(xì)胞性乳腺炎[11]。該病與乳腺癌混淆,目前以外科手術(shù)為主,手術(shù)創(chuàng)傷較大,對(duì)患者傷害較大[12]。該病的易發(fā)人群是中年女性和非哺乳期的青年女性,并且該病的發(fā)病率近年來呈逐年上升的趨勢(shì)[13]。
甲硝唑通過抗厭氧菌而發(fā)揮治療作用,此治療方法簡(jiǎn)單,療效肯定,無明顯不良反應(yīng),且治療費(fèi)用低[14-15]。應(yīng)用微創(chuàng)負(fù)壓引流技術(shù)配合甲硝唑治療漿細(xì)胞性乳腺炎,對(duì)漿細(xì)胞性乳腺炎的膿腔,竇道,瘺管等給予負(fù)壓持續(xù)引流,間斷沖洗,避免了頻繁換藥的痛苦,且促進(jìn)創(chuàng)面生長(zhǎng)[16-18]。
本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),采用微創(chuàng)負(fù)壓引流技術(shù)聯(lián)合甲硝唑治療漿細(xì)胞性乳腺炎的療效顯著,其結(jié)果顯示,觀察組的總有效率為96.67%,顯著高于對(duì)照組的75.00%;觀察組的治療時(shí)間平均為(9.4±0.9)d,顯著高于對(duì)照組的平均時(shí)間(15.5±1.5)d。對(duì)治療后的患者進(jìn)行隨訪,發(fā)現(xiàn)觀察組的生活質(zhì)量評(píng)分顯著高于對(duì)照組,而視覺模糊疼痛評(píng)分顯著低于對(duì)照組;觀察組對(duì)乳房外形的滿意程度為95.00%,顯著高于對(duì)照組的81.67%;觀察組患者的復(fù)發(fā)率為5.00%,顯著低于對(duì)照組的18.33%。
綜上所述,微創(chuàng)負(fù)壓引流技術(shù)聯(lián)合甲硝唑治療漿細(xì)胞性乳腺炎的療效好,復(fù)發(fā)率低,可縮短治療時(shí)間減少患者的痛苦,并能夠更好地維持乳房的完整性,提高患者的生活質(zhì)量,值得臨床推廣和使用。
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Minimally invasive drainage technique combined with metronidazole for the treatment of plasma cell mastitis
KANG Wei-ming, XUE Yi, LIANG Hong-mei// China Medical Equipment,2016,13(11):77-79.
Objective: To explore the clinical therapeutic effect of the minimally invasive negative pressure drainage technology with metronidazole for plasma cell mastitis. Methods: 120 patients with plasma cell mastitis admitted into our hospital from April 2012 to April 2015 were selected as a research object. They were female, about 19-69 years old, and the average age was 36.9+1.9. Their course of disease was 9 months to 3 years, and the average year was 1.6+0.3. They were evenly divided into observation group and control group in random, each group with 60 cases. The control group was used oral metronidazole routine treatment. In addition to giving oral metronidazole routine treatment, lesions in the observation group were rinsed with by minimally invasive negative pressure drainage technology. Two groups were followed up by 9 to 12 months after treatment, and the treatment effect, treatment time, life quality, the patient’s satisfaction with the shape of the breast and recurrence was observed. Results: Total effective rate in observation group was 96.67% (x2=4.072, P<0.05), which was significantly higher than the control group. Treatment time in observation group was 7-17 d, average(9.4 ±0.9)d, which was significantly lower than the control group (t=3.171, P<0.05). The life quality and the patient’s satisfaction with the shape of the breast were significantly higher than control group (x2=1.288, x2=9.377, P<0.05). The recurrence in observation group was 5.00%, which was significantly lower than control group (x2=8.467, P<0.05). Conclusion: The effect of minimally invasive negative pressure drainage technology with metronidazole for plasma cell mastitis is significant, and it can improve the cure rate and life quality of patients and lower the recurrence rate. It is worthy of clinical promotion and application.
Plasma cell mastitis; Minimally invasive negative pressure drainage technology; Metronidazole; Clinical effect
康偉明,女,(1970- ),碩士,主治醫(yī)師。石家莊市婦幼保健院乳腺科,從事乳腺疾病的診治工作。
1672-8270(2016)11-0077-03
R655.8
A
10.3969/J.ISSN.1672-8270.2016.11.023
石家莊市科學(xué)研究與發(fā)展計(jì)劃(13010520161203)“負(fù)壓吸引及藥物治療在非哺乳期乳腺炎中的應(yīng)用研究”
①石家莊市婦幼保健院乳腺科 河北 石家莊050000
songndajf@sina.com
2016-07-07