何艷麗

短文改錯是命題人將同學(xué)們平時用英語進(jìn)行寫作時常犯的典型錯誤系統(tǒng)地集中地體現(xiàn)在一個篇幅短小、內(nèi)容簡單、題材輕松的短文中，以考查同學(xué)們發(fā)現(xiàn)、判斷并糾正錯誤的能力以及在語篇中綜合運(yùn)用、準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用英語的能力。

短文改錯題型綜合性較高，要求同學(xué)們有較強(qiáng)的觀察能力、分析能力、評價能力和運(yùn)用能力。其中的觀察能力是同學(xué)們的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)。

為了做好短文改錯題，同學(xué)們應(yīng)該了解并熟悉常見的題型特點(diǎn)，了解改錯題的設(shè)錯方式，并依此形成較固定的答題思路，力爭做到有條不紊，不慌亂不緊張。短文改錯有以下幾種設(shè)錯方式。

[名詞不正確]

名詞不正確，即名詞的格或數(shù)的形式不正確。如：

There are advantage for students to work while studying at school.

說明：advantage為可數(shù)名詞，故將advantage改為advantages。

But one and a half year later， I now think English is fun to learn.

說明：one and a half修飾year，故將year改為years。

Were leaving for our hometouns to spend the winter vacations.

說明：vacation不用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故將vacations改為vacation。

We have spent several precious weekend in learning in the English club.

說明：several修飾weekend，故將weekend改為weekends。

[冠詞不合適]

冠詞不合適，即冠詞的漏用、多用或錯用現(xiàn)象。如：

On Thurday I will have to decide what I want to do over a weekend.

說明：本句中的周末應(yīng)為特指，故將a改為the。

Many people enjoy sports by watching the others play.

說明：泛指其他人應(yīng)不要定冠詞，故去掉the。

He would greet us in a tree outside our bedroom，calling “hello” as we lay in bed in a morning.

說明：in the morning為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，故將a改為the。

[動詞不恰當(dāng)]

動詞不恰當(dāng)，即動詞的形式不恰當(dāng)，簡單地說包括充當(dāng)謂語的動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)、單復(fù)數(shù)不對和非謂語動詞的形式不對兩種情況。如：

Having fun with their friends make them happy，many people enjoy sports by matching others play.

說明：動名詞作主語、謂語動詞用單數(shù)，故將make改為makes。

For the most part， students working to earn money for their own use.

說明：句子缺少謂語，故將working改為work。

During the World Cup in 2002， my dad stays up late just to watch his favorite sport.

說明：由時間狀語可知應(yīng)用過去時，故將stays改為stayed。

He would also catch the food throwing to him from the other side of the room and sing happily.

說明：食物是被扔的，故將throwing改為thrown。

[代詞不一致]

代詞不一致，即代詞指代不一致的現(xiàn)象。如：

Some students may also have to save up for our college or future use.

說明：由上下文得知，應(yīng)用第三人稱，故將our改為their。

Whats more， you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him.

說明：pupils是復(fù)數(shù)，故將him改為them。

[介詞不準(zhǔn)確]

介詞不準(zhǔn)確，即介詞或介詞短語的使用不準(zhǔn)確。如：

They would not have to ask their parents for money or for permission to do things by the money.

說明：“用……工具”應(yīng)用介詞with，故將by改為with。

It is good manners for us to help each other if we have the same desire and the teacher allows to it.

說明：allow為及物動詞，故去掉介詞to。

Usually I just checked the results because it was dull to watch a game in which players kicked a ball each other.

說明：“把……踢給某人”應(yīng)為kick sth to sb.故在each前加to。

[連詞不適宜]

連詞不適宜，即連詞（并列連詞和從屬連詞）的使用錯誤。如：

He told me that Id probably have a heart attack while I started eating less.

說明：句意應(yīng)為否定意義的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故將while改為unless。

Not all people like to work and everyone likes to play.

說明：句意應(yīng)為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故將and改為but。

That is how sports are good activities for their health.

說明：前句為原因，本句為結(jié)果，故將how改為why。

[詞義不辨別]

詞義不辨別，即詞義辨別不清晰或詞性辨別不準(zhǔn)確。如：

Football is not too badly as long as I watch it with my dad！

說明：本句充當(dāng)表語應(yīng)用形容詞，故將badly改為bad。

Ill do plenty of exercise， which wont give me any harm either.

說明：“對某人有害”應(yīng)為do sb. harm，故將give改為do。

It is real a good chance to have met all of you here.

說明：修飾句子用副詞，故將real改為really。

[語言不順達(dá)]

語言不順達(dá)，即在語言邏輯有重復(fù)或錯誤現(xiàn)象。如：

It was completely dead， and I was a few miles far away from anywhere on a cold， wet night.

說明：具體距離后不需far，故應(yīng)去掉far。

In American big cities， thousands sell tickets to watch football or basketball games.

說明：根據(jù)邏輯可知，應(yīng)為“買票看球賽”，故將sell改為buy。

So he decided to make a best car himself， and in 1904 he produced his first new model.

說明：根據(jù)邏輯可知，應(yīng)為“更好的較好的一輛車”，故將best改為better。