太空居住輪

斯洛文尼亞 Vitanje

建成時(shí)間： 2012年

攝影：Tomaz Gregoric

歐洲空間科技文化中心將為第一位空間理論家Herman Potocnik Noordung的家鄉(xiāng)Vitanje小鎮(zhèn)的藝術(shù)中心增加新的文化與社會(huì)活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所。

這一中心的設(shè)計(jì)創(chuàng)意源自Herman Potocnik Noordung于1929年出版的一本書(shū)中描述的空間站。該中心建成后將成為一個(gè)公共活動(dòng)亮點(diǎn)，屆時(shí)將舉辦各種長(zhǎng)期和臨時(shí)的展覽、會(huì)議和俱樂(lè)部、學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)，同時(shí)促進(jìn)小鎮(zhèn)的社會(huì)、文化和科教事業(yè)發(fā)展。

根據(jù)Noordung描述設(shè)計(jì)的太空居住輪仿照地球同步衛(wèi)星的樣子，包括三部分：太陽(yáng)能電站，一座天文臺(tái)和居住輪。人類(lèi)構(gòu)想了幾十年之久的太空居住至今仍是最具革命性但尚未實(shí)現(xiàn)的設(shè)想。旋轉(zhuǎn)形的可居住輪是一個(gè)圓形建筑，有人造重力和離心力，是失重條件下人類(lèi)長(zhǎng)期居住的最簡(jiǎn)單也是最好的解決方案。因?yàn)槲覀兩形催m應(yīng)失重環(huán)境，長(zhǎng)期以往，失重將對(duì)我們的身體產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。因?yàn)榈厍虻囊€是太空飛行的最大障礙，沿著這樣的軌道運(yùn)行也是人類(lèi)更長(zhǎng)的太空飛行的一個(gè)完美的起點(diǎn)。

該建筑是一個(gè)整體式混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)，單獨(dú)位于一條主要道路和綠色腹地中一條小溪流中間。建筑物的內(nèi)外都有兩個(gè)扁平的圓柱體。底部的圓柱體稍大，從北向南逐步升高，而上層的圓柱體稍小，在南端與下面的大圓柱體相接，向北逐步升高。底部的圓柱體位于入口處透明的玻璃面上。

從外部看，建筑四周的玻璃圓環(huán)更加突出了兩個(gè)圓柱體之間的一種動(dòng)態(tài)效果。整個(gè)建筑南面和西面與地面相接，看上去給人一種旋轉(zhuǎn)漂浮的感覺(jué)。建筑物另一側(cè)地表上的壕溝把整個(gè)建筑與周?chē)沫h(huán)境連成一體。這一空間布局為整個(gè)建筑提供了一種因漂浮和旋轉(zhuǎn)產(chǎn)生的人造重力效果。整個(gè)建筑有兩個(gè)入口，主入口從建筑物前東南面的廣場(chǎng)通往里面的中央空間，另一個(gè)北入口從小溪上游鋪著石子的地表通往建筑物內(nèi)部。

正門(mén)面對(duì)的是底部圓柱體向外延伸的部分，人可以通過(guò)狹長(zhǎng)的通道，繞過(guò)圓形前廳進(jìn)入大廳。前廳與大廳之間用簾子隔開(kāi)。入口處的玻璃門(mén)可以完全打開(kāi)，因此，在大廳內(nèi)和外面廣場(chǎng)上可以開(kāi)展互動(dòng)活動(dòng)。圓形大廳可以容納300人，兩面是半圓形的坡道。展區(qū)從這里開(kāi)始一直延伸到大圓柱體向外延伸的部分。

西面沿著坡道是若干比較小的辦公區(qū)域。沿坡道而上，逐步從明亮的大廳進(jìn)入較暗的展覽區(qū)。通過(guò)樓梯和大型電梯可直接從展覽區(qū)進(jìn)入大廳外的前廳。展區(qū)空間穿過(guò)電梯口和樓梯口的平臺(tái)一直延伸到較小的圓柱體、多功能廳和大廳上方的觀眾席。觀眾站在這里，下方進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)一覽無(wú)余。小圓柱體的最高端，也是最北端，有專門(mén)供人研究航天技術(shù)歷史的俱樂(lè)部，在這里，人們可以不受下面喧鬧的影響，專心工作。

除了這個(gè)建筑的所在位置和特別之處外，四家建筑事務(wù)所的合作也是這項(xiàng)工程的一個(gè)獨(dú)特之處。合作設(shè)想是在投資方邀請(qǐng)四家建筑事務(wù)所參加內(nèi)部競(jìng)標(biāo)活動(dòng)的首次會(huì)議上提出——四家事務(wù)所的負(fù)責(zé)人決定合作設(shè)計(jì)這一項(xiàng)目。四家事務(wù)所通過(guò)一系列的研討會(huì)確定了設(shè)計(jì)理念，然后在各個(gè)階段分工合作。

The Cultural Center of European Space Technologies （KSEVT） will supplement the cultural and social activities of the Arts Center in Vitanje， the town in Slovenia that was home to Herman Potocnik Noordung， the first theoretician of space.

The concept design for the building of the KSEVT derives from the habitation wheel of the first geostationary space station described in Noordung's 1929 book. It will have a public significance and generate social， cultural， and scientific activities， with fixed and temporary exhibitions，conferences and club/study activities.

Noordnung's space station was designed as a geostationary satellite out of three parts： a solar power station， an observatory and a habitable wheel. After several decades of ponderings on the habitation of space， this idea remains to be the most revolutionary， yet not realized. The rotating habitable wheel， a circular construction setting up artificial gravity with the centrifugal force， is the best and at the same time a simple solution for long-term human habitation of weightlessness. Since we are not accustomed to that kind of condition， it exerts negative influence upon our body in the long run. A station in this orbit could also represent a perfect point of departure for longer spaceflights， considering that the Earth's force of attraction is still the greatest obstacle for that.

The building is a monolithic concrete structure， positioned freely between a main road on one side and a stream with a green hinterland on the other. The exterior and interior of the building are made of two low cylinders. The bottom one is larger and rises from the North to the South， while the upper cylinder is smaller and joins the larger one on the south while rising to the North. The bottom cylinder is supported by the transparent surface of the entrance glazing.

From the exterior， there is a dynamic effect between the cylinders， accentuated by the full glass rings around the building. The building appears to float and rotate on its southern and western sides towards the road. The entrenchment of the building into the surface on the other side gives a connection to its immediate surroundings. The spatial effects give the building the effect of artificial gravity from floatation and rotation. The building has two entrances- a main one to the central space from the square in front of the building on the south-eastern side and the northern entrance from the gravel surface above the stream.

The main entrance covers the overhanging part of the bottom cylinder： one passes through a tight space past a circular vestibule and into the interior of the hall. The vestibule can be separated from the activities in the hall by a curtain. The entrance glazing can be completely opened and can connect the activities in the hall with the square. The circular hall for 300 people is surrounded on both sides by a semicircular ramp. This denotes the beginning of the exhibition area， continuing from here to the overhanging part of the larger cylinder.

On the west， there are smaller office areas along the ramp. Ascending this ramp also represents a transition from the bright space of the hall to the dark exhibition area. The vertical connection with a staircase and large elevator connects the exhibition area directly to the vestibule of the hall. The exhibition space continues through the landing between the elevator and the staircase to the smaller cylinder， the multi-purpose hall， and a raised auditorium above the hall. From here， one can observe the activity below. The smaller cylinder is concluded at the highest， northernmost portion with a club area devoted to researchers of the history of space technology， where they can focus on their work aside from the activities below.

Besides special programme and location also collaboration of four architectural offices in developing the project is unique. The idea of collaboration raised on the first meeting where investor invited the four offices to collaborate on internal competition - and office principals decided to actually rather do the project together. The idea concepts came out on serious of workshops， later project was shared in different stages of development between all offices.

Space Habitable Wheel

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