鹿特丹蒙得維的亞大廈

荷蘭鹿特丹

業(yè)主：海牙ING地產(chǎn)

設(shè)計(jì)：1999-2002

施工：2003-2005

結(jié)構(gòu)工程：代爾夫特ABT公司

承建商：布魯塞爾Besix

面積：57 530平方米

建筑成本：6500萬歐元

獲獎：2007年國際高層獎；2007年Dedalo Minosse獎；2007年建筑質(zhì)量獎

攝影：Christian Richters

Client： ING Real Estate， The Hague

Design： 1999-2002

Realisation： 2003-2005

Structural engineer： ABT bv， Delft

Contractor： Besix， Brussels， Belgium

Area： 57 530 m2

Building costs： € 65 000 000

Awards： International Highrise Award （2007）， Dedalo Minosse （2007） and Building Quality Award （2007）

Photos： ? Christian Richters

威廉敏娜碼頭

隨著鹿特丹人類活動范圍的不斷擴(kuò)大，它的港口越來越靠近大海，空出了原先在市區(qū)的港口以備他用。威廉敏娜碼頭就坐落在市區(qū)馬斯河和萊茵河港之間的一個舊港口，目前已經(jīng)建成許多高樓，而且還在開發(fā)，以后將成為一個壯觀的住宅和辦公區(qū)。荷蘭到美國航線上的海輪和游輪曾經(jīng)從威廉敏娜碼頭起航，橫跨大西洋，前往紐約。該航線的辦事處就設(shè)在現(xiàn)在的紐約酒店。威廉敏娜碼頭上的倉庫都有富于異國情調(diào)的名字，以紐約、新奧爾良、芝加哥、舊金山、巴爾的摩和哈瓦那等國際港口城市命名。作為荷蘭最高的住宅樓，威廉敏娜碼頭盡頭的一座建筑也按照這種傳統(tǒng)以烏拉圭的首都蒙得維的亞命名。

垂直城市

1999年ING房地產(chǎn)公司和鹿特丹市規(guī)劃局要求梅卡諾提交一份威廉敏娜碼頭南部區(qū)域概念設(shè)計(jì)方案，當(dāng)時這個區(qū)域的規(guī)劃主要是用于建造高層住宅樓。碼頭北面正在開發(fā)幾座獨(dú)立的辦公樓：由諾曼·福斯特設(shè)計(jì)的世界港口中心和倫佐·皮亞諾設(shè)計(jì)的KPN大樓。梅卡諾認(rèn)為南北兩個區(qū)域之間的對比不應(yīng)該通過建筑的外觀來表達(dá)。因此，梅卡諾不想打造以完全雷同的陽臺為特點(diǎn)的建筑這一“住房工程”形象。梅卡諾提出通過一系列高層建筑的設(shè)計(jì)打造出一座“垂直城市”的設(shè)想，即有寬敞的、兼顧居住與工作的中性樓層規(guī)劃，并在街面層建造有各種吸引人的功能設(shè)施的開放式空間。

梅卡諾的城市規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)建議在北面建造零星的小高層建筑加以平衡，這樣，即使從南面，人們也可以一眼望到北面鹿特丹的市中心。蒙得維的亞建筑作為當(dāng)時設(shè)計(jì)的一個原型，就是以這一位置就能夠讓人聯(lián)想到荷蘭到美國的航線為出發(fā)點(diǎn)。

荷蘭——美國意象

蒙得維的亞由相交的一個部分組成，其中部分懸空在碼頭上方。這座建筑讓人想起紐約、芝加哥和波士頓在兩次世界大戰(zhàn)之間建造的高層建筑：這些建筑為磚混結(jié)構(gòu)，有精致的細(xì)節(jié)，色彩運(yùn)用靈活，并有許多屋頂露臺和敞廊。施工所用的材料也給人以荷蘭——美國意象，整個建筑采用交替使用鋼筋（美國）、混凝土（荷蘭）再到鋼筋這樣一種方法?；A(chǔ)兩層采用鋼結(jié)構(gòu)，承載152米高的整個大樓和向前突出16米的水上公寓。上面的27層采用混凝土疊加方式。從28層開始又采用鋼結(jié)構(gòu)，因此這些公寓的樓層之間可以自由分割。這座建筑形成了一種富于變化的空間結(jié)構(gòu)。192間公寓至少有54種不同戶型和不同層高，分為“懸空”、“城市”、“天空”和“水上”四大類公寓。地下兩層是供上面所有這些公寓住戶使用的停車場。窗戶、陽臺和敞廊按一定間隔節(jié)奏分散在整個建筑：有的在拐角處，有的占據(jù)一層層高，有圓形，有交錯，有的用鉸鏈，也有的用滑輪。頂部幾層，可以從窗戶里看到鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的對角線。

Wilhelmina Pier

The expansion of its activities has meant that Rotterdam's harbour has shifted closer to the sea， thus freeing up the old city harbours for other uses. The Wilhelmina Pier lies in such an old city harbour，between the River Maas and the Rhine Harbour， and is being developed into a spectacular residential and office area with a lot of high-rise buildings. The ocean steamers and cruise ships of the Holland-America Line once moored on the Wilhelmina Pier to make the crossing from Rotterdam to New York. The Holland-America Line offices were in what is now Hotel New York. On the Wilhelmina Pier were warehouses with exotic names of international port cities， such as New York， New Orleans， Chicago，San Francisco， Baltimore and Havana. For the highest residential building of the Netherlands， at the head of the Wilhelmina Pier， a name has been chosen that fits into this tradition： Montevideo， the capital of Uruguay.

Vertical city

In 1999 Mecanoo was asked by ING Real Estate and the Rotterdam Urban Planning Agency to think up a concept design plan for the south side of the Wilhelmina Pier， which at that time was mainly intended for high-rise residential buildings. For the north side， free-standing office buildings were being developed： the World Port Centre by Norman Foster and the KPN tower by Renzo Piano. For Mecanoo it was important that the contrast between the north and south sides should not be expressed in the way the buildings looked， and for this reason Mecanoo did not want to create a ‘housing project' image - buildings characterised in the main by repetitive balconies. Mecanoo proposed a series of tall buildings that together would produce a vertical city， something like a stack of mansions with spacious， neutral floor plans for either living or working and with inviting， open groundfloor functions at street level.

Mecanoo's urban composition uses the sporadic low-rise buildings on the north side as a counterweight， so that from the south side， too， you can see the Rotterdam city centre to the north. Montevideo was then designed as a prototype， inspired by the Holland-America feeling summoned up by the location.

Holland-America

Montevideo consists of a composition of intersecting volumes， part of which is suspended above the quay. The building refers to the interbellum high-rise buildings of New York， Chicago and Boston：brick built， with refined detailing and use of colour， a lot of roof terraces and loggias. The construction contributes to the Holland-America feeling： a system that alternates steel （America）， concrete （Holland）and then steel again. The first two floors are built of steel and bear the 152 metres high tower and the Water Apartments jutting 16 metres out. The 27 floors above are executed with a concrete climbing form. From the 28th floor steel is used， so that the floors of these apartments are freely sub divisible. This allows the building to achieve a very varied spatial structure： 192 dwellings with no less than 54 different types and different floor heights divided amongst Loft， City， Sky and Water apartments. All this on top of a two-storey underground parking facility. Windows， balconies and loggias are distributed across the building in a rhythmic composition： corner-spanning， storey-high， circular，staggered， opening on hinges and sliding open. The diagonals of the steel construction of the top floors can be descried through the windows.

遠(yuǎn)洋輪

這座建筑讓人想到遠(yuǎn)洋輪船上的交錯設(shè)計(jì)，有不同的高度，不同的價位，當(dāng)然還有公用設(shè)施。這幢建筑有不同面積、不同價格的公寓，還有餐館、辦公用房、客房和帶健身房和桑拿的游泳池。住戶可以使用購物、餐飲、清潔和維護(hù)等服務(wù)設(shè)施，還可以使用洗衣房等其他服務(wù)設(shè)施。蒙得維的亞的入口大堂與酒店大堂類似，住戶走進(jìn)去就像游客到了酒店一樣。梅卡諾設(shè)計(jì)的藍(lán)色墻面上畫有銀色的烏拉圭海岸線，還有一些令人回味的名稱，如Punta del Este、Treinta-y-Tres 和Dolores。躺在床上，你可以透過一個舷窗看到馬斯河上來來往往的船只。

M

2005年3月21日上午09時49分，在開工整整兩年后，一臺起重機(jī)把一個巨大的M型結(jié)構(gòu)吊到蒙得維的亞上空，這座建筑最高點(diǎn)達(dá)到了152.317米。M型結(jié)構(gòu)為一個尺寸為8*8*1.60米、重9噸的開放式鋼結(jié)構(gòu)——用一個旋轉(zhuǎn)軸安裝到座貢多拉航船船首三角帆上。300名建筑工人為紀(jì)念封頂儀式而布置的松樹從上面伸出，引起人們一陣歡呼。作為蒙得維的亞的標(biāo)志，M型結(jié)構(gòu)像一個風(fēng)向標(biāo)，驕傲地伸向鹿特丹的天際線。M型結(jié)構(gòu)象征著鹿特丹的航海傳統(tǒng)，為所有的鹿特丹人指明著風(fēng)向。該結(jié)構(gòu)和藝術(shù)家Ineke Hauer在低頂上設(shè)計(jì)的水箱相互映襯，讓荷蘭——美國這一設(shè)計(jì)意象得以完美表達(dá)。

Ocean steamer

The building reminds you of the cross-section of an ocean steamer with different floor heights，different price classes and communal facilities. There are apartments in many sizes and price classes， restaurants， offices， guest suites and a swimming pool with fitness centre and sauna. The residents can use service facilities， such as a shopping service， catering， cleaning and maintenance services， a post-keeping service and a laundry service. The entrance to Montevideo has something of the ambiance of a hotel lobby， where you arrive as a traveller. A map of the Uruguay coastline has been painted in silver on the Mecanoo-blue wall， with evocative names such as Punta del Este， Treinta-y-Tres and Dolores. Lying in your bed you can see through a large porthole the passing ships on the Maas River.

M

At 9.49 a.m. on the 21st of March 2005， exactly two years after building commenced， a crane hoists a gigantic letter M onto Montevideo and the building reaches its highest point of 152.317 metres. The M - an open steel construction measuring 8 x 8 x 1.60 metres and weighing 9 tons -is mounted with a rotating axis onto the jib of the sky gondola. The pine tree set up for the topping out ceremony for the 300 construction workers sticks out merrily above it. The M， Montevideo's logo， proudly protrudes above the Rotterdam skyline like a weather vane. The M confirms Rotterdam's maritime tradition and shows all Rotterdammers the wind direction. Together with the water tank by the artist Ineke Hauer on the lower-lying roof， the M makes the Holland-America feeling complete.

Montevideo Rotterdam， the Netherlands