鞠樂(lè)，齊軍倉(cāng)，賀雪，王丹，侯忠慶，付強(qiáng)，熊顯鵬

(1. 石河子大學(xué)農(nóng)學(xué)院，新疆石河子 832003；2. 南陽(yáng)市農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院，河南南陽(yáng) 473000)

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大麥種子萌發(fā)期抗旱性鑒定指標(biāo)的篩選及抗旱性評(píng)價(jià)

鞠樂(lè)1, 2，齊軍倉(cāng)1，賀雪1，王丹1，侯忠慶1，付強(qiáng)1，熊顯鵬1

(1. 石河子大學(xué)農(nóng)學(xué)院，新疆石河子 832003；2. 南陽(yáng)市農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院，河南南陽(yáng) 473000)

【目的】研究大麥種子萌發(fā)期形態(tài)指標(biāo)與抗旱性的關(guān)系，構(gòu)建抗旱性評(píng)價(jià)方法?！痉椒ā坎捎?0%PEG8000模擬干旱脅迫，測(cè)定其9項(xiàng)形態(tài)指標(biāo)。采用相關(guān)性分析及因子分析等篩選大麥種子萌發(fā)期抗旱性鑒定指標(biāo)，并運(yùn)用隸屬函數(shù)法對(duì)101份大麥材料進(jìn)行抗旱性綜合評(píng)價(jià)。【結(jié)果】這9項(xiàng)形態(tài)指標(biāo)與抗旱性均呈顯著的相關(guān)關(guān)系?！窘Y(jié)論】發(fā)芽勢(shì)、發(fā)芽率、胚根長(zhǎng)、胚芽長(zhǎng)、胚芽鞘長(zhǎng)、胚根干重、胚芽干重、根冠比、物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)速率等指標(biāo)均可作為大麥種子萌發(fā)期重要的抗旱性鑒定指標(biāo)。采用隸屬函數(shù)法篩選出Z027S078T、新引D7為抗旱性極強(qiáng)的材料；墾啤6號(hào)、貝賴?yán)账篂榭购敌詷O弱的材料。

大麥；萌發(fā)期；抗旱性評(píng)價(jià)

0 引 言

【研究意義】隨著全球氣候變化，干旱已成為制約作物生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育主要因子，由旱災(zāi)所造成的損失對(duì)社會(huì)生活及經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展產(chǎn)生不可估量的影響，選育抗旱品種已成了全世界關(guān)注的問(wèn)題。在我國(guó)北方地區(qū)，大多種植在沒(méi)有灌溉條件的雨養(yǎng)農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)，往往由于播種后土壤墑情不足而影響出苗，進(jìn)而限制了產(chǎn)量的提高。而植物整個(gè)生活史中，種子萌發(fā)期對(duì)水分最為敏感又是最為脆弱的階段，若能度過(guò)此階段，植物的抗逆能力和對(duì)環(huán)境適應(yīng)力將會(huì)大大提高[1-4]。【前人研究進(jìn)展】作物抗旱性隨著生育期變化而有所差異[5]，種子是重要繁殖材料，萌發(fā)階段抗旱性在某種程度可以反映該種子的抗旱程度[6]。種子萌發(fā)初期依靠吸脹作用吸收水分，隨后主要是胚根從外界吸收水分及礦物質(zhì)，進(jìn)行物質(zhì)交換，發(fā)達(dá)根系對(duì)促進(jìn)作物苗期抗旱能力非常有利，所以逆境下植物根系生長(zhǎng)情況在一定程度上可以反映出作物抗逆性[7]，幼苗高度及根長(zhǎng)在某種程度上也可以衡量幼苗的發(fā)育狀況。Bouslama M.[8]1983年曾提出可以用種子發(fā)芽勢(shì)、發(fā)芽率及萌發(fā)指數(shù)作為滲透脅迫下的種子萌發(fā)指標(biāo)。張霞等[9]提出種子萌發(fā)期抗旱性評(píng)價(jià)方法?！颈狙芯壳腥朦c(diǎn)】大麥?zhǔn)枪J(rèn)抗逆性較強(qiáng)的作物之一[10-13]，雖然對(duì)于小麥[14-16]、玉米[17-18]、水稻[19]、油菜[20]、裸燕麥[21]、偃麥草[22]等作物種子萌發(fā)期抗旱性做出很多研究，但關(guān)于大麥種子萌發(fā)期抗旱性的研究相對(duì)較少。研究大麥種子萌發(fā)期形態(tài)指標(biāo)與抗旱性的關(guān)系?！緮M解決的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題】通過(guò)20%PEG8000模擬干旱脅迫對(duì)101份大麥材料進(jìn)行干旱處理，對(duì)其形態(tài)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行測(cè)定分析，研究這些指標(biāo)與抗旱性的關(guān)系，采用因子分析篩選種子萌發(fā)期大麥抗旱性鑒定指標(biāo)，以構(gòu)建大麥種子萌發(fā)期抗旱性評(píng)價(jià)的方法體系。

1 材料與方法

1.1 材 料

101份大麥材料在石河子大學(xué)試驗(yàn)站進(jìn)行田間抗旱性鑒定，根據(jù)株高篩選。

1.2 方 法

1.2.1 試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)

采用20%PEG8000作為脅迫處理溶液模擬干旱脅迫，進(jìn)行發(fā)芽試驗(yàn)，重復(fù)3次，發(fā)芽試驗(yàn)參照鞠樂(lè)等[23](2013)試驗(yàn)方法。

1.2.2 指標(biāo)測(cè)定

發(fā)芽勢(shì)(germination potential，GP)、發(fā)芽率(germination rate，GR)、最大胚根長(zhǎng)(radicle length，RL)、胚芽長(zhǎng)(germ length，GL)、胚芽鞘長(zhǎng)(germ scabbard length，GSL)、幼苗干重(seedling dry weight，SDW)、胚根干重(radicle dry weight，RDW)、胚芽干重(germ dry weight，GDW)等指標(biāo)測(cè)量方法以及根冠比(root-shoot ratio，RSR)、物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)速率(material transfer rate，MTR)、抗旱系數(shù)等計(jì)算方法均參照鞠樂(lè)等[23](2013)。

1.3 數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)

采用DPSv7.05版軟件對(duì)各指標(biāo)進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析、因子分析，并采用隸屬函數(shù)法對(duì)101份大麥材料進(jìn)行抗旱性評(píng)價(jià)。

2 結(jié)果與分析

2.1 篩選抗性鑒定指標(biāo)

2.1.1 各形態(tài)指標(biāo)間相關(guān)性

在大麥種子萌發(fā)期測(cè)定干旱脅迫處理下和對(duì)照條件下各形態(tài)指標(biāo)，為降低大麥材料間的遺傳背景差異，試驗(yàn)采取抗旱系數(shù)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理，并對(duì)各形態(tài)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析。這9項(xiàng)形態(tài)指標(biāo)間均存在顯著或極顯著的相關(guān)性。表1

表1 各形態(tài)指標(biāo)間相關(guān)性數(shù)列矩陣
Table 1 The correlation series matrix between the morphological index

相關(guān)系數(shù)Correlationcoefficient發(fā)芽勢(shì)GP發(fā)芽率GR最大胚根長(zhǎng)RL胚芽長(zhǎng)GL胚芽鞘長(zhǎng)GSL胚根干重RDW胚芽干重GDW根冠比RSR物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)速率MTRGP100059??027??031??028??027??037??-010034??GR059??100023?030??027??042??031??012038??RL027??023?100061??064??068??053??021?065??GL031??030??061??100073??056??077??-020?076??GSL028??027??064??073??100044??057??-014056??RDW027??042??068??056??044??100060??047??083??GDW037??031??053??077??057??060??100-032??085??RSR-010012021?-020?-014047??-032??100005MTR034??038??065??076??056??083??085??005100

2.1.2 因子分析

研究表明，以0.9作為主因子的特征值累積比例的臨界值，從表2可以看出主因子數(shù)M=5，這時(shí)5個(gè)主因子所包含的信息量占總體信息量的93.75%，幾乎含蓋了全部信息量，相應(yīng)得到的因子載荷矩陣(方差極大正交旋轉(zhuǎn)結(jié)果)。

因子1是由胚芽長(zhǎng)、胚根干重、胚芽干重、物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)速率所決定；因子2由根冠比決定；因子3由發(fā)芽勢(shì)決定；因子4由胚根長(zhǎng)決定；因子5由發(fā)芽率決定。對(duì)這5個(gè)主成分進(jìn)行相關(guān)結(jié)構(gòu)分析，對(duì)各指標(biāo)的方差貢獻(xiàn)率分別為GP(97.76%)、GR(96.82%)、RL(88.71%)、GL (85.46%)、GSL (93.33%)、RDW (95.51%)、GDW (95.20%)、RSR (95.87%)、(95.08%)。因這5個(gè)主成分對(duì)各指標(biāo)的方差貢獻(xiàn)率均高于85%，可以推測(cè)發(fā)芽勢(shì)、發(fā)芽率、胚根長(zhǎng)、胚芽長(zhǎng)、胚芽鞘長(zhǎng)、胚根干重、胚芽干重、根冠比、物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)速率等均可作為大麥種子萌發(fā)期重要的抗旱性鑒定指標(biāo)。根據(jù)各主因子所包含信息量情況，可將胚芽長(zhǎng)、胚根干重、胚芽干重、物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)速率等劃為抗旱性主要鑒定指標(biāo)；根冠比、發(fā)芽勢(shì)、胚根長(zhǎng)、發(fā)芽率等為重要指標(biāo)。表2，表3

表2 因子分析特征值
Table 2 Characteristic value of factor analysis

No特征值Eigenvalue百分率Variancecontribution(%)累計(jì)百分率Accumulativevariancecontribution(%)1465615173475173472151031678156851623121861353958205574063117011789067450421546828937502602397266309641327018922102498515580070207797992953900634070471000000

2.2 抗旱性評(píng)價(jià)

2.2.1 隸屬函數(shù)法綜合評(píng)價(jià)

作物抗旱性不僅是由多種基因共同控制的復(fù)雜的綜合性狀，又是在生存環(huán)境中受各種因素影響。研究通常會(huì)對(duì)各指標(biāo)進(jìn)行綜合分析，來(lái)作為判斷作物抗旱性強(qiáng)弱的依據(jù)。試驗(yàn)采用模糊隸屬函數(shù)法對(duì)101份大麥材料抗旱性綜合評(píng)價(jià)，同時(shí)賦予不同指標(biāo)權(quán)重，101份大麥材料不同指標(biāo)的抗旱系數(shù)及加權(quán)平均隸屬函數(shù)值按大小順序排列。表4

根據(jù)下列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分抗旱級(jí)別(Drought resistance level，DRL)：

1級(jí)-極強(qiáng)，隸屬函數(shù)值在0.8以上；

2級(jí)-強(qiáng)，隸屬函數(shù)值在0.6～0.8；

3級(jí)-中等，隸屬函數(shù)值在0.4～0.6；

4級(jí)-弱，隸屬函數(shù)值在0.2～0.4；

5級(jí)-極弱，隸屬函數(shù)值在0.2以下。

研究表明，篩選到2個(gè)抗旱性極強(qiáng)的品種(Z027S078T和新引D7)、7個(gè)抗旱性強(qiáng)的品種(新引D9、新啤2號(hào)、新啤1號(hào)、P09-9、吉啤2號(hào)、Z182U038V和Poland)、41個(gè)中等抗旱性品種、49個(gè)抗旱性弱的品種及2個(gè)抗旱性極弱的品種(墾啤6號(hào)、貝賴?yán)账?。表4

表3 因子載荷矩陣
Table 3 The matrix of factor loading

因子1因子2因子3因子4因子5X101626-00674091300119703141X20193201210032790103708933X304388036730251706926-01287X406644-01647005220599001564X502888-00952004810901401612X60731905601009890251001814X708794-02541016710279200904X8-0074309691-00732-0053700768X90901901332013230289801352

注：X1-發(fā)芽勢(shì)；X2-發(fā)芽率；X3-胚根長(zhǎng)；X4-胚芽長(zhǎng)；X5-胚芽鞘長(zhǎng)；X6-胚根干重；X7-胚芽干重；X8-根冠比；X9-物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)速率

Note:X1 - germination potential;X2 - germination percentage,X3 - radicle length;X4 - germ length;X5 - germ scabbard length;X6 - radicle dry weight;X7 - plumule dry weight;X8 - root-shoot ratio;X9 - material transfer rate

表4 101份大麥材料各指標(biāo)抗旱系數(shù)的加權(quán)隸屬函數(shù)值
Table 4 The weighted membership function of drought resistance coefficient of 101 barley material

材料名稱加權(quán)隸屬函數(shù)值材料名稱加權(quán)隸屬函數(shù)值材料名稱加權(quán)隸屬函數(shù)值Z027S078T0．8558新引D504322甘啤2號(hào)03551新引D708214甘啤3號(hào)04317豫大麥2號(hào)03515新引D907713塔城二棱04233XANAOU03511新啤2號(hào)07621Fornualu04209Q/D00603496新啤1號(hào)07242XANADU0420391-24303478P09-906863冀農(nóng)065604189PRESTIGE03463吉啤2號(hào)06530Abee04164Bank03460Z182U038V06468SumDson04161Sampson03410Poland06017Z090M060M04149Tevcel03407CONRAD05813PAINE04137蘇鑒4403370Baronesse05640Empress041132007C/11103336Crystal05503Z039P046Q04093SD96-403264Tremois05399Klages04058P10-103256CDCKendall05244蘇啤4號(hào)04052Jeresey03253CDCUnity05197CEYLOW04048Barke03218MERIT05166Stirling04026蒙黑二棱03148來(lái)色衣04940Seebe03968Alexis03078HARRINGTON04914Cork03953CDCRinty03037Z109M050M04912韭奇10號(hào)03896NEVADA02944GRAPHIC04895Z028S039T03869西安91-202939石引2號(hào)04862Madras03863駐大麥3號(hào)02927TRADITION04808Morrison03858甘木二棱02844C-704799CDCStratus03844CDCThompson02799CDCManley04792Z040S010T03844法瓦維特02755SD97-504665Z180U055V03829Logan02666JevseH04622甘啤4號(hào)03807EF(98)-202664C-1304599Phoenix03784紅引1號(hào)02554Bonous04569Stein03773P11-602415蘇鑒2004516矮桿早03672Steffi02392Cima04397Sullane03668墾啤5號(hào)02212CDCFleet04370COLLINS03649甘啤7號(hào)02026Z037P017Q-104364京啤1號(hào)03619墾啤6號(hào)01795蘇鑒2104348Q/D00503576貝賴?yán)账?1758紅日啤2號(hào)04347矮早三03559

3 討 論

抗旱性鑒定指標(biāo)通常分為產(chǎn)量、形態(tài)及生理生化指標(biāo)3類(lèi)。種子萌發(fā)期，種子發(fā)芽率、發(fā)芽勢(shì)、發(fā)芽指數(shù)、活力指數(shù)反映植物種子發(fā)芽速度、發(fā)芽整齊度和幼苗健壯度的趨勢(shì)，常作為評(píng)價(jià)種子發(fā)芽的指標(biāo)。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，這9項(xiàng)形態(tài)指標(biāo)均可作為大麥種子萌發(fā)期重要的抗旱性鑒定指標(biāo)，這與曹俊梅[24]、張玉梅等[25]研究結(jié)果基本一致。根據(jù)各主因子所包含信息量情況，可將這9項(xiàng)指標(biāo)劃分為二個(gè)層次，與張霞等[9]提出的抗旱性評(píng)價(jià)體系具有類(lèi)同之處。

作物抗旱性是由多因素協(xié)同作用而形成的復(fù)雜性狀，并在生境中受各種因素的影響。鑒于作物抗旱機(jī)理的復(fù)雜性，至今仍沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)哪一性狀可以單獨(dú)作為作物抗旱性鑒定指標(biāo)，并且各抗旱性鑒定指標(biāo)對(duì)作物抗旱性的貢獻(xiàn)率不同，因此，通常采用對(duì)各指標(biāo)進(jìn)行綜合分析，作為判斷作物抗旱性強(qiáng)弱的依據(jù)。關(guān)于作物抗旱性評(píng)價(jià)方法，如抗旱系數(shù)法[26]、聚類(lèi)分析法[27]、五級(jí)評(píng)分法[28]、隸屬函數(shù)法[29]等被廣泛應(yīng)用于植物抗旱性研究中。各種評(píng)價(jià)方法各有利弊，目前仍無(wú)統(tǒng)一規(guī)范，而模糊隸屬函數(shù)法因其在進(jìn)行作物抗旱性評(píng)價(jià)時(shí)快速又合理，同時(shí)還可以避免單一指標(biāo)的片面性，而深受廣大研究者的青睞。試驗(yàn)運(yùn)用隸屬函數(shù)法篩選出2個(gè)抗旱性極強(qiáng)的材料(Z027S078T、新引D7)；抗旱性極弱的材料(墾啤6號(hào)、貝賴?yán)账?。作物抗旱性評(píng)價(jià)是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的問(wèn)題仍需進(jìn)一步研究，今后應(yīng)對(duì)大麥不同生育期的抗旱性做出深層次系統(tǒng)的研究。

4 結(jié) 論

4.1 發(fā)芽勢(shì)、發(fā)芽率、胚根長(zhǎng)、胚芽長(zhǎng)、胚芽鞘長(zhǎng)、胚根干重、胚芽干重、根冠比、物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)速率等均可作為大麥種子萌發(fā)期重要的抗旱性鑒定指標(biāo)。可將胚芽長(zhǎng)、胚根干重、胚芽干重、物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)速率可劃為抗旱性主要鑒定指標(biāo)；根冠比、發(fā)芽勢(shì)、胚根長(zhǎng)、發(fā)芽率為重要指標(biāo)。

4.2 運(yùn)用隸屬函數(shù)法篩選出Z027S078T、新引D7、新引D9、新啤2號(hào)、新啤1號(hào)、P09-9、吉啤2號(hào)、Z182U038V、Poland等9個(gè)抗旱性強(qiáng)的大麥材料，其中Z027S078T及新引D7為抗旱性極強(qiáng)的材料；墾啤6號(hào)、貝賴?yán)账惯@2個(gè)抗旱性極弱的材料。

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Fund project:The earmarked fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System (CARS-05); Science and technology research and development program of Shihezi University "special plan for animal and plant breeding "(gxjs2015-yz02)

Screening Drought Resistance Identification Index and Drought Resistance Evaluation in Barley during Seed Germination Period

JU Le1, 2, QI Jun-cang1, HE Xue1, WANG Dan1, HOU Zhong-qing1, FU Qiang1, XIONG Xian-peng1

(1.College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Shihezi Xinjiang 832003, China；2.NanyangAcademyofAgriculturalScience，NanyangHenan473000,China)

【Objective】 To study the relationship between morphological indexes and drought resistance during seed germination in barley is to build drought resistance evaluation method.【Method】In the experiment, the nine morphological indexes of barley treated by 20% (W/V) PEG8000 solution as drought stress treatment were determined. The drought resistance identification indexes of barley during seed germination were screened by correlation analysis and factor analysis and the drought resistances of 101 barley cultivars were evaluated by the method of membership function.【Result】There were significant relationships between the 9 morphological indexes and drought resistance of barley during seed germination.【Conclusion】The 9 indexes can be regarded as drought resistance identification index of barley during seed germination. Z027S078T and Xinyin D7 were screened as high drought resistance cultivars, while Ganpi 6 and Beilaileisi were screened as drought sensitive cultivars by the method of membership function.

barley (HordeumvulgareL.); germination period; drought resistance evaluation

10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2016.11.006

2016-05-04

現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系建設(shè)專項(xiàng)資金資助(CARS-05)；石河子大學(xué)科學(xué)技術(shù)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃“動(dòng)植物育種專項(xiàng)計(jì)劃”(gxjs2015-yz02)

鞠樂(lè)(1987-)，女，河南鄧州人，碩士，研究方向?yàn)榇篼湣⒚藁?、谷子遺傳育種與栽培，(E-mail)695112004@qq.com

齊軍倉(cāng)(1971-)，男，陜西寶雞人，教授，博士生導(dǎo)師，研究方向?yàn)榇篼溸z傳育種與栽培，(E-mail)shzqjc@qq.com

S512.3

A

1001-4330(2016)11-2008-07