法國(guó)里昂 (2001-2014)

匯流博物館

法國(guó)里昂 (2001-2014)

業(yè)主：法國(guó)羅訥省

規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)：藍(lán)天組建筑設(shè)計(jì)事務(wù)所

設(shè)計(jì)主持：沃爾夫?狄?普瑞克斯

項(xiàng)目合作：Markus Prossnigg

設(shè)計(jì)建筑師：Tom Wiscombe

總建筑面積：46 476平方米

凈建筑面積：26 700平方米

基地面積： 20 975平方米

建筑成本：3 980歐元/平方米；總成本1億8500萬(wàn)歐元

圖片：Sergio Pirrone

制圖：藍(lán)天組

Client: Département du Rh?ne, Lyon, France, represented by SERL, Lyon, France

Planning: COOP HIMMELB(L)AU Wolf D. Prix & Partner ZT GmbH

Design Principal/CEO: Wolf D. Prix

Project Partner: Markus Prossnigg

Design Architect: Tom Wiscombe

Gross floor area: 46 476 m2

Net floor area: 26 700 m2

Site area: 20 975 m2

Construction costs: € 3,980 / m2 / total € 185 Mio

Images: ? Sergio Pirrone

Plans: ? COOP HIMMELB(L)AU

法國(guó)里昂匯流博物館方案從2001年在里昂舉辦的自然歷史館國(guó)際大賽中脫穎而出，它被看作是“傳遞知識(shí)的媒介”，而不僅僅是一個(gè)產(chǎn)品展示廳。

博物館建造在一個(gè)百年前人工擴(kuò)建的半島上，位于羅納河與索恩河的匯流處。顯而易見(jiàn)，在這個(gè)場(chǎng)址上施工比較困難（要將536根樁牢牢打入地面30米深），顯然，這個(gè)地方對(duì)于城市設(shè)計(jì)工程來(lái)說(shuō)至關(guān)重要。建筑物應(yīng)能成為迎接南方訪客的入口，為他們指明方向，并同時(shí)作為城市開(kāi)發(fā)的起點(diǎn)工程。

為了建造一座知識(shí)型博物館，需要設(shè)計(jì)一種具有代表性的新綜合體形態(tài)。一座真正能夠引人注目的建筑物，必須具有獨(dú)特的幾何形狀。在設(shè)計(jì)理念中，很重要的一點(diǎn)是不能讓建筑物阻擋了從城市來(lái)到交匯處的客流。因此，設(shè)計(jì)的理念是建造一座半懸浮的建筑物，下方是可供人們自由穿行的公共空間。

建筑物主要由三個(gè)部分構(gòu)成。兩個(gè)觀眾席（分別可容納327人和122人）和工作間建造在略微突起的地基上（因?yàn)榈叵滤惠^高），將緊靠存儲(chǔ)間和展品工作室，其中工作間還為周邊的學(xué)校提供培訓(xùn)服務(wù)。

入口建筑被稱為“水晶體”（Crystal），供公眾自由穿行，直接通向展區(qū)。Espace liant是一條起連接作用的路線，可搭乘電梯，或攀登樓梯和螺旋坡道到達(dá)這里。路線的左右兩側(cè)是展廳（其中一間為兩層）。走到這條路的盡頭，就能看見(jiàn)兩條河流的交匯處。鋼結(jié)構(gòu)被設(shè)想為橋梁建筑，因此，無(wú)需依靠任何支撐物便能使所有展廳懸浮。行政廳位于展區(qū)上方。

在這座高聳的空中樓閣下方，可以看見(jiàn)各個(gè)陳列室的某些部分如懸臂般分布在廣場(chǎng)中，湖面呈光波狀倒映在建筑物的下方。啤酒館的存在顯示了本建筑的公益性質(zhì)。在頂樓還有一個(gè)公共的露天咖啡座。

在入口建筑中，引入了一座水滴狀的建筑物作為支撐結(jié)構(gòu)，這個(gè)形態(tài)的靈感來(lái)源于兩河交匯處所產(chǎn)生的渦流，該重力結(jié)構(gòu)將整座鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的重量減輕了三分之一。

Right from the 2001 international competition for a natural history museum in Lyon, the museum was envisioned as a "medium for the transfer of knowledge" and not as a showroom for products.

The building ground of the museum is located on a peninsula that was artificially extended 100 years ago and situated in the confluence of the Rh?ne and Sa?ne rivers. Even though it was apparent that this site would be a difficult one (536 piles had to be securely driven 30 meters into the ground), it was clear that this location would be very important for the urban design. The building should serve as a distinctive beacon and entrance for the visitors approaching from the South, as well as a starting point for urban development.

In order to build a museum of knowledge, a complex new form had to be developed as an iconic gateway. A building that truly stands out can only come into being through shapes resulting from new geometries. It was important to the concept that the flow of visitors arriving from the city to the Pointe du Confluent should not be impeded by a building. The idea was therefore to develop an openly traversable building that would be floating in part only on supports, in order to create a public space underneath.

Essentially, the building consists of three parts. Situated on a slightly raised base (due to the high groundwater), two auditoriums (for 327 and 122 persons, respectively) and work spaces, which will also be used for training purposes for the surrounding schools, will be located next to storage and workshops for the production of exhibitions.

The entrance building, the so-called Crystal, is openly traversable, and a vertical access to the exhibition spaces. The so-called Espace liant, a connecting path, can be reached by an escalator, a staircase, and a spiral ramp. Left and right of this path are arranged the individual exhibition halls (one of them two-level), and at the end is a view of the confluence of two rivers, the Pointe du Confluent. The steel structure, conceived as a bridge construction, made it possible to develop all of the exhibition halls without supports. The administration rooms are located above the exhibition spaces.

In the Plaza below this highly raised, almost flying component – the showrooms are broadly cantilevered in parts – the lit wave pattern of the surface of a small lake is reflected on the underside of the building. A brasserie emphasizes the public nature of this place. A freely accessible terrace café is located on the top floor.

In the entrance building, a drop-shaped construction serves as supporting structure. Its form was developed out of the turbulent flow created by the confluence of the two streams. This gravity well reduces the weight of the entire steel structure of the entrance building by a third.

Musée des Confluences

Lyon, France (2001-2014)

? Duccio Malagamba