朱巖，王飛飛，張亞輝，曹瑩，曾鴻鵠，劉征濤

1.桂林理工大學(xué)環(huán)境科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院，桂林541004

2.中國(guó)環(huán)境科學(xué)研究院環(huán)境基準(zhǔn)與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室國(guó)家環(huán)境保護(hù)化學(xué)品生態(tài)效應(yīng)與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，北京100012

3種有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥對(duì)水生生物的乙酰膽堿酯酶抑制效應(yīng)的物種敏感度分析初探

朱巖1,2，王飛飛1，張亞輝2,*，曹瑩2，曾鴻鵠1，劉征濤2

1.桂林理工大學(xué)環(huán)境科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院，桂林541004

2.中國(guó)環(huán)境科學(xué)研究院環(huán)境基準(zhǔn)與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室國(guó)家環(huán)境保護(hù)化學(xué)品生態(tài)效應(yīng)與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，北京100012

通過(guò)篩選敵敵畏、馬拉硫磷和對(duì)硫磷3種有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥對(duì)水生生物的急性毒性數(shù)據(jù)和乙酰膽堿酯酶抑制效應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)，構(gòu)建物種敏感度分布曲線進(jìn)行了比較分析。結(jié)果表明，敵敵畏對(duì)水生生物的急性毒性和乙酰膽堿酯酶抑制效應(yīng)的大小順序?yàn)椋好阁w內(nèi)抑制效應(yīng)>酶體外抑制效應(yīng)>急性毒性；馬拉硫磷和對(duì)硫磷的乙酰膽堿酯酶抑制效應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)不足但趨勢(shì)相似，順序?yàn)椋好阁w內(nèi)抑制效應(yīng)>急性毒性>酶體外抑制效應(yīng)。敵敵畏的急性毒性和酶體外抑制效應(yīng)的5%危害濃度(HC5)分別為2.07 μg·L-1和1.53 μg·L-1，兩者相差1.4倍。在水質(zhì)基準(zhǔn)推導(dǎo)中，乙酰膽堿酯酶抑制效應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥的水生生物基準(zhǔn)具有重要的參考價(jià)值。

有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥；水生生物；乙酰膽堿酯酶；物種敏感度；水質(zhì)基準(zhǔn)

朱巖,王飛飛,張亞輝,等.3種有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥對(duì)水生生物的乙酰膽堿酯酶抑制效應(yīng)的物種敏感度分析初探[J].生態(tài)毒理學(xué)報(bào)，2016,11(3):211-218

Zhu Y,Wang F F,Zhang Y H,et al.A preliminary study on species sensitivity analysis of inhibition effect of three organophosphorus pesticides on acetylcholinesterase in aquatic organisms[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2016,11(3):211-218(in Chinese)

水生生物基準(zhǔn)作為水質(zhì)基準(zhǔn)(water quality criteria,WQC)的核心組成部分，用于保護(hù)水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中水生生物的安全。推導(dǎo)污染物的水生生物基準(zhǔn)的方法主要包括生物模型法、評(píng)估因子法、統(tǒng)計(jì)外推法等[1]。物種敏感度分布(species sensitivity distribution,SSD)[1]作為統(tǒng)計(jì)外推法于20世紀(jì)70年代提出，已經(jīng)成為水質(zhì)基準(zhǔn)推導(dǎo)的主要方法之一[2]。SSD方法采用不同函數(shù)，例如對(duì)數(shù)-邏輯斯帝函數(shù)[3-4]、對(duì)數(shù)正態(tài)分布函數(shù)[5-6]和對(duì)數(shù)三角函數(shù)[7]等，將不同生物對(duì)同一物質(zhì)的敏感度分布進(jìn)行擬合，計(jì)算出保護(hù)一定比例[8]生物的污染物濃度作為水質(zhì)基準(zhǔn)值。目前，該方法主要針對(duì)生物個(gè)體水平的毒性數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。

長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，在推導(dǎo)水生生物基準(zhǔn)中，大多采用水生生物毒性數(shù)據(jù)中存活、生長(zhǎng)和繁殖等個(gè)體水平的“常規(guī)”毒性終點(diǎn)[9-10]，而“非常規(guī)”的毒性終點(diǎn)，例如雌激素紊亂[11]、酶抑制效應(yīng)、RNA或DNA[12]水平的變化被忽視。在美國(guó)的基準(zhǔn)推導(dǎo)文件中，這些“非常規(guī)”的毒性終點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)往往歸于“其他數(shù)據(jù)”，但這些毒性終點(diǎn)往往比“常規(guī)”毒性終點(diǎn)更加靈敏[13]，這些指標(biāo)通過(guò)個(gè)體/亞個(gè)體水平表現(xiàn)外來(lái)脅迫效應(yīng)，指示環(huán)境中痕量污染物短期或長(zhǎng)期暴露的毒性效應(yīng)[14-15]。陳朗等[16]分析了溴氰菊酯的酶類、生物化學(xué)、細(xì)胞學(xué)、遺傳學(xué)、基因及組織學(xué)等生物標(biāo)記物指標(biāo)的SSD曲線，指出這些指標(biāo)可以作為慢性毒性數(shù)據(jù)的一種替代或補(bǔ)充引入到水質(zhì)基準(zhǔn)推導(dǎo)中，彌補(bǔ)“傳統(tǒng)指標(biāo)”的不足。閆振廣等[17]采用基因表達(dá)效應(yīng)分析了重金屬的物種敏感度，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)銅的基因表達(dá)效應(yīng)較為敏感，具有作為慢性水質(zhì)基準(zhǔn)數(shù)據(jù)的應(yīng)用潛力，而鋅與鎘的基因表達(dá)效應(yīng)與慢性毒性數(shù)據(jù)相比沒(méi)有明顯優(yōu)勢(shì)。

有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥(organphosphorus pesticides,OPs)具有低成本、藥效高、品種多等特點(diǎn)，是目前生產(chǎn)和使用最為廣泛的一類農(nóng)藥[18]。有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥伴隨降雨和坡地漫流進(jìn)入環(huán)境水體中，對(duì)水生生物和人體健康構(gòu)成危害。乙酰膽堿酯酶(acetylcholinestetase, AChE)作為有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥的靶標(biāo)酶，已經(jīng)積累了很多毒性數(shù)據(jù)。本文通過(guò)篩選敵敵畏、馬拉硫磷和對(duì)硫磷3種有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥對(duì)水生生物的急性毒性數(shù)據(jù)和AChE抑制效應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)，利用物種敏感度分布法比較分析3種有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥的急性毒性數(shù)據(jù)與AChE抑制效應(yīng)的敏感性，計(jì)算得到保護(hù)95%水生生物的有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥濃度(HC5)。探討了在水質(zhì)基準(zhǔn)推導(dǎo)中，有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥對(duì)AChE抑制效應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)是否具有補(bǔ)充有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥對(duì)水生生物急性毒性數(shù)據(jù)的潛力。

1 材料與方法（Materials and methods）

1.1 數(shù)據(jù)搜集與篩選

本文中3種有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥對(duì)水生生物的毒性數(shù)據(jù)主要來(lái)自美國(guó)環(huán)保署(USEPA)[19]的毒性數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)ECOTOX(http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox)，同時(shí)利用Web of Science、Sciencedirect、Wiley、Springer和中國(guó)知網(wǎng)等文獻(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)搜索公開(kāi)發(fā)表的中英文文獻(xiàn)，并以所得文獻(xiàn)的引用文獻(xiàn)作為補(bǔ)充。廣泛搜集了敵敵畏(dichlorvos)、對(duì)硫磷(parathion)和馬拉硫磷(malathion)3種有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥對(duì)水生生物的毒性數(shù)據(jù)。搜索所用關(guān)鍵詞包括“敵敵畏”、“馬拉硫磷”、“對(duì)硫磷”、“水生生物”、“乙酰膽堿酯酶”、“有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥”、“水質(zhì)基準(zhǔn)”、“生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”、“風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估”、“物種敏感度”等。

參考美國(guó)水生生物基準(zhǔn)技術(shù)指南[16]的數(shù)據(jù)篩選原則，將搜集到的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行篩選，篩選標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為：數(shù)據(jù)的毒性終點(diǎn)為半數(shù)致死濃度(LC50)或半數(shù)效應(yīng)濃度(EC50)，暴露時(shí)間2～4 d，不同暴露時(shí)間的數(shù)據(jù)以時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)的優(yōu)先；同一文獻(xiàn)中對(duì)同一種生物的多個(gè)毒性數(shù)據(jù)，當(dāng)暴露時(shí)間相同時(shí)，選擇最敏感的數(shù)據(jù)；同一物種不同生命階段的毒性數(shù)據(jù)以敏感生命階段的數(shù)據(jù)優(yōu)先。

1.2 數(shù)據(jù)處理

將搜集且篩選過(guò)的數(shù)據(jù)按照濃度由小到大進(jìn)行排序并編號(hào)，同一物種的多個(gè)同類毒性數(shù)據(jù)取幾何平均值作為該物種的急性毒性值或AChE抑制效應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)。計(jì)算每個(gè)物種的累計(jì)概率：

式中，P為累積概率，i是物種排序的秩，N是樣本數(shù)。將排序后的累積概率和濃度的對(duì)數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換值應(yīng)用數(shù)據(jù)分析軟件Origin 9.0，選用某一特定概率模型進(jìn)行參數(shù)擬合構(gòu)建物種敏感度分布曲線。當(dāng)累積概率為0.05時(shí)，對(duì)應(yīng)的濃度就是水生生物被危害的比例為5%時(shí)的污染物濃度(HC5)。采用對(duì)數(shù)-正態(tài)分布(公式2)和對(duì)數(shù)-邏輯斯蒂函數(shù)(公式3)對(duì)SSD曲線進(jìn)行擬合，采用決定校正系數(shù)(Adj.R2)和加權(quán)卡方檢驗(yàn)系數(shù)(Reduced Chi-Sqr)來(lái)判斷模型的擬合優(yōu)度，選擇最佳擬合模型。

式中，y為累計(jì)概率，x為有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥濃度對(duì)數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換值(μg·L-1)，α、β、μ和σ均為曲線參數(shù)，erf()為誤差函數(shù)。

2 結(jié)果（Results）

2.1 有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥對(duì)AChE的抑制效應(yīng)

敵敵畏、對(duì)硫磷和馬拉硫磷3種典型有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥對(duì)水生生物的急性數(shù)據(jù)，其中包括敵敵畏的69種生物的急性毒性數(shù)據(jù)，馬拉硫磷的43種生物的急性毒性數(shù)據(jù)，對(duì)硫磷的11種生物的急性毒性數(shù)據(jù)(見(jiàn)附表1～3)。

本文搜集的AChE抑制效應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)明顯少于急性毒性數(shù)據(jù)，共涉及26種水生生物，包括19種生物的敵敵畏毒性數(shù)據(jù)、8種生物的馬拉硫磷毒性數(shù)據(jù)和5種生物的對(duì)硫磷毒性數(shù)據(jù)，其中以敵敵畏的AChE抑制效應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)最為豐富(見(jiàn)表1～2)。26種水生生物中，魚(yú)類占19種。

表1 乙酰膽堿酯酶（AChE）體外暴露于3種有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥的半數(shù)效應(yīng)濃度/半數(shù)抑制濃度（EC50/IC50）值Table 1 The EC50/IC50values of AChE fromin vitroexposure to three organophosphorus pesticides(OPs)

26種水生生物的離體實(shí)驗(yàn)中，根據(jù)試驗(yàn)方法的不同分為體內(nèi)染毒和體外染毒。有10篇文獻(xiàn)中采用體外染毒的方法：提取生物體內(nèi)的AChE與不同種類、濃度的有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥混合，在一定條件下培養(yǎng)后，測(cè)定有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥對(duì)AChE的抑制效應(yīng)[20-22]；有8篇文獻(xiàn)中采用體內(nèi)染毒的方法：將待測(cè)生物暴露在不同種類、濃度的有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥中，經(jīng)過(guò)一定時(shí)間后，提取并測(cè)定酶活，得到有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥在不同暴露時(shí)間內(nèi)對(duì)AChE的抑制效應(yīng)[23-28]?，F(xiàn)有的數(shù)據(jù)表明，在AChE的體外抑制中，敵敵畏的16種水生生物中，最敏感的是歐洲魚(yú)銜，最不敏感的是鯽魚(yú)，兩者相差約350倍；馬拉硫磷的4種水生生物中，最敏感的是黑頭軟口鰷，最不敏感的是鰱魚(yú)，兩者相差約10倍；對(duì)硫磷的2種淡水水生生物中，最敏感的是大型溞，最不敏感的是羅非魚(yú)，兩者相差5倍。在AChE的體內(nèi)抑制中，敵敵畏毒性相關(guān)的3種淡水水生生物中，最敏感的是大型溞，最不敏感的是搖蚊幼蟲(chóng)，兩者相差約35倍；馬拉硫磷毒性相關(guān)的4種淡水水生生物中，最敏感的是側(cè)邊底鳉，最不敏感的是藍(lán)鮎，兩者相差1萬(wàn)倍；對(duì)硫磷毒性相關(guān)的4種淡水水生生物中，最敏感的是大型溞，最不敏感的是金頭鯛，兩者相差約110倍。另外，體外染毒方法中暴露時(shí)間也相差很大，最短為3 min(鰱魚(yú))，最長(zhǎng)為1 h(太平洋牡蠣)。

2.2 SSD最佳擬合函數(shù)

表2 乙酰膽堿酯酶（AChE）體內(nèi)暴露于3種有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥的半數(shù)效應(yīng)濃度/半數(shù)抑制濃度（EC50/IC50）值Table 2 The EC50/IC50values of AChE fromin vivoexposure to three organophosphorus pesticides(OPs)

表3 2個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)函數(shù)對(duì)SSD曲線的統(tǒng)計(jì)參數(shù)Table 3 The statistics of two mathematical functions for SSD curves

通過(guò)對(duì)數(shù)-正態(tài)分布函數(shù)和對(duì)數(shù)-邏輯斯蒂函數(shù)擬合構(gòu)建SSD曲線，2個(gè)函數(shù)擬合的統(tǒng)計(jì)參數(shù)(見(jiàn)表3)。整體而言，2個(gè)函數(shù)擬合的參數(shù)值比較接近，其校正決定系數(shù)均大于0.937，加權(quán)卡方檢驗(yàn)系數(shù)均較小。對(duì)數(shù)-邏輯斯帝函數(shù)對(duì)敵敵畏和馬拉硫磷毒性數(shù)據(jù)擬合的校正決定系數(shù)大于對(duì)數(shù)-正態(tài)分布函數(shù)擬合值，并且對(duì)數(shù)-邏輯斯帝函數(shù)擬合的加權(quán)卡方檢驗(yàn)系數(shù)小于對(duì)數(shù)正態(tài)分布函數(shù)擬合值；對(duì)數(shù)-邏輯斯帝函數(shù)對(duì)對(duì)硫磷毒性數(shù)據(jù)擬合的矯正檢驗(yàn)系數(shù)和加權(quán)卡方檢驗(yàn)系數(shù)均小于對(duì)數(shù)-正態(tài)分布函數(shù)的擬合值。綜上所述，本文中SSD曲線的擬合采用對(duì)數(shù)-邏輯斯蒂函數(shù)。

圖1 馬拉硫磷、敵敵畏和對(duì)硫磷對(duì)水生生物的急性和酶抑制效應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)的SSD曲線

2.3 急性毒性數(shù)據(jù)與AChE抑制效應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)的對(duì)比

為比較急性毒性數(shù)據(jù)和AChE抑制效應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)之間的敏感度差異，利用對(duì)數(shù)-邏輯斯蒂函數(shù)分別對(duì)有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥敵敵畏、對(duì)硫磷和馬拉硫磷的急性毒性和AChE抑制效應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分布擬合，根據(jù)所獲得的參數(shù)得到SSD曲線，它可以直觀地表示不同水生生物對(duì)有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥的敏感度分布情況(見(jiàn)圖1)。其中馬拉硫磷和對(duì)硫磷的AChE抑制效應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)太少(n< 10)僅在圖中顯示位置，沒(méi)有構(gòu)建SSD曲線[1]。由圖1可以看出，在橫坐標(biāo)相同的情況下，對(duì)硫磷和馬拉硫磷對(duì)水生生物急性毒性的SSD曲線斜率相對(duì)較小，而敵敵畏的SSD曲線斜率則較大，表明大部分水生生物對(duì)敵敵畏的敏感度相對(duì)接近，而不同種水生生物對(duì)于馬拉硫磷和對(duì)硫磷的敏感度則差異較大。對(duì)于急性毒性和AChE抑制效應(yīng)這2類數(shù)據(jù)的敏感度來(lái)說(shuō)，不同的有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥顯示出差異性。敵敵畏的數(shù)據(jù)敏感度排序?yàn)椤懊阁w內(nèi)抑制效應(yīng)>酶體外抑制效應(yīng)>急性毒性效應(yīng)”；在低濃度區(qū)間，對(duì)硫磷對(duì)AChE的體內(nèi)抑制效應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)與急性毒性數(shù)據(jù)接近，馬拉硫磷與敵敵畏類似；在高濃度區(qū)間，馬拉硫磷對(duì)AChE的抑制效應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)與急性毒性數(shù)據(jù)接近；從趨勢(shì)上看，3種有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥的共同之處都是AChE的體內(nèi)抑制效應(yīng)比AChE的體外抑制效應(yīng)更靈敏。

為便于對(duì)3種有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥的急性毒性和AChE抑制效應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行量化對(duì)比，分別對(duì)能保護(hù)95%的水生生物的污染物濃度(HC5)進(jìn)行計(jì)算，HC5是計(jì)算保護(hù)水生生物的水質(zhì)基準(zhǔn)的重要依據(jù)。由于欠缺馬拉硫磷和對(duì)硫磷的AChE抑制效應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)，只有敵敵畏的數(shù)據(jù)比較豐富，可以進(jìn)行擬合計(jì)算HC5。敵敵畏的急性毒性和AChE體外抑制效應(yīng)的HC5分別為2.07 μg·L-1和1.53 μg·L-1，兩者相差1.4倍。

3 討論（Discussion）

總體而言，3種有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥對(duì)AChE的體內(nèi)抑制效應(yīng)比體外抑制效應(yīng)更靈敏。這可能是由于在體外染毒方法中沒(méi)有考慮到有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥在生物體內(nèi)代謝作用的影響，使得測(cè)定農(nóng)藥對(duì)AChE的毒性數(shù)據(jù)與實(shí)際環(huán)境中同濃度農(nóng)藥對(duì)AChE的毒性數(shù)據(jù)有一定偏差。例如，對(duì)氧磷對(duì)AChE的毒性大于對(duì)硫磷，但由于對(duì)硫磷在生物體內(nèi)可以轉(zhuǎn)化為對(duì)氧磷，使得體內(nèi)抑制所得到的IC50遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)小于體外抑制所得到的IC50[45]。那么，幾乎可以肯定對(duì)硫磷對(duì)水生生物的AChE抑制效應(yīng)還存在更小的IC50值，即AChE抑制效應(yīng)的敏感度還會(huì)提升。

本文選擇了對(duì)確定水質(zhì)基準(zhǔn)具有重要參考價(jià)值的HC5對(duì)敏感度進(jìn)行定量分析，對(duì)硫磷和馬拉硫磷對(duì)水生生物體內(nèi)的AChE抑制效應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)不足無(wú)法計(jì)算HC5。由于數(shù)據(jù)量的限制，僅將敵敵畏對(duì)水生生物體內(nèi)AChE的抑制效應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行推算來(lái)比較數(shù)據(jù)靈敏度。敵敵畏的急性毒性和AChE體外抑制效應(yīng)的HC5分別為2.07 μg·L-1和1.53 μg·L-1，兩者相差1.4倍，比較接近。陳朗等[16]對(duì)于溴氰菊酯，采用酶類、生物化學(xué)、細(xì)胞、遺傳、基因及組織學(xué)等生物標(biāo)記物指標(biāo)的最低可觀測(cè)效應(yīng)濃度(LOEC)的SSD曲線，計(jì)算得到HC5值為1.3 ng·L-1，與水生生物的基準(zhǔn)連續(xù)濃度(CCC)值0.9 ng·L-1相近，與基準(zhǔn)最大濃度(CMC)值7.5 ng·L-1，相差較大，因此作者指出這些生物標(biāo)記物指標(biāo)可以作為水生生物基準(zhǔn)中慢性數(shù)據(jù)的替代或補(bǔ)充。因此，鑒于試驗(yàn)動(dòng)物福利和AChE體外抑制試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)的快速可獲得性上來(lái)說(shuō)，在推導(dǎo)水質(zhì)基準(zhǔn)中，AChE抑制效應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)可以作為有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥的急性毒性數(shù)據(jù)的補(bǔ)充，具有重要的參考價(jià)值。

一般認(rèn)為，在分子水平上的AChE對(duì)污染物脅迫發(fā)生應(yīng)激響應(yīng)要早于個(gè)體、種群或群落[46]。由于AChE的檢測(cè)手段能更好地評(píng)價(jià)有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥對(duì)水生生物的危害程度，但現(xiàn)階段的數(shù)據(jù)量難以支持其在實(shí)際水環(huán)境中的應(yīng)用。只有通過(guò)積累更多有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥對(duì)水生生物的AChE抑制數(shù)據(jù)，才能正確評(píng)價(jià)AChE抑制效應(yīng)指標(biāo)在水質(zhì)基準(zhǔn)研究中的作用。因此有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥對(duì)水生生物的AChE抑制效應(yīng)在水質(zhì)基準(zhǔn)上具有廣泛的研究前景。

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A Preliminary Study on Species Sensitivity Analysis of Inhibition Effect of Three Organophosphorus Pesticides on Acetylcholinesterase in Aquatic Organisms

Zhu Yan1,2,Wang Feifei1,Zhang Yahui2,*,Cao Ying2,Zeng Honghu1,Liu Zhengtao2

1.College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin 541004,China
2.State Key Laboratory for Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment,State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effects and Risk Assessment of Chemicals,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China

30 November 2015 accepted 21 January 2016

The data of the acute toxicity and acetylcholinesterase(AChE)inhibition effect of aquatic organisms of three organophosphorus pesticides(OPs),including dichlorvos,parathion and malathion,were selected and analyzed by species sensitivity distribution.The results showed that the order of acute toxicity and AChE inhibition effect for dichlorvos wasin vivoAChE inhibition>in vitroAChE inhibition>acute toxicity.The trends of speciessensitivity distribution of malathion and parathion were similar based on their insufficient data.The orders of acute toxicity and AChE inhibition effect of malathion and parathion werein vivoAChE inhibition>actue toxicity>in vitroAChE inhibition.The 5%hazard concentration(HC5)of acute toxicity and inhibition effect of dichlorvos were 2.07 μg·L-1and 1.53 μg·L-1,respectively,which differs by 1.4 times from each other.The data of AChE inhibition effect of OPs could be of great reference value when deriving the water qulity criteria.

organophosphate pesticide;aquatic organism;acetylcholinesterase;species sensitivity;water quality criteria

2015-11-30 錄用日期：2016-1-21

1673-5897（2016）3-211-08

X171.5

A

10.7524/AJE.1673-5897.20151130006

簡(jiǎn)介：張亞輝(1979—)，女，副研究員，主要從事污染物聯(lián)合毒性及毒性評(píng)估與預(yù)測(cè)研究，發(fā)表學(xué)術(shù)論文20余篇。

國(guó)家水體污染控制與治理科技重大專項(xiàng)(2012ZX07501-003)；科技基礎(chǔ)性工作專項(xiàng)(2014FY120600)；國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(51268008，21407139)

朱巖(1990-)，男，碩士研究生，研究方向?yàn)樗幚砝碚撆c技術(shù)，E-mail:zhuyan_craes@foxmail.com；

*通訊作者（Corresponding author），E-mail:zhangyahui@craes.org.cn