鄭小春 林敬陽 方晴霞 曹鴻峰
1.浙江省人民醫(yī)院藥學(xué)部,浙江杭州 310014;2.浙江省人民醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科,浙江杭州 310014;3.浙江省人民醫(yī)院肛腸外科,浙江杭州 310014
Real time PCR 檢測(cè)L1-CAM在大腸癌中的表達(dá)及其臨床意義
鄭小春1林敬陽2方晴霞1曹鴻峰3
1.浙江省人民醫(yī)院藥學(xué)部,浙江杭州310014;2.浙江省人民醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科,浙江杭州310014;3.浙江省人民醫(yī)院肛腸外科,浙江杭州310014
目的 探討L1細(xì)胞黏附分子(L1-CAM)在大腸癌中的表達(dá)情況及其與臨床病理的相關(guān)性。方法 應(yīng)用實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR檢測(cè)浙江省人民醫(yī)院58例大腸癌組織及其癌旁正常組織中L1-CAM的表達(dá),分析L1-CAM在大腸癌中的表達(dá)及其與臨床病理學(xué)特征和預(yù)后的關(guān)系。 結(jié)果 癌組織和癌旁正常組織L1-CAM mRNA表達(dá)差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。癌組織L1-CAM mRNA表達(dá)與腫瘤分化程度、靜脈侵犯、淋巴管侵犯、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、Dukes分期密切相關(guān)(均P<0.05),而與性別、年齡、腫瘤大小、腫瘤類型無明顯相關(guān)(均P>0.05)。結(jié)論L1-CAM在大腸癌組織中高表達(dá),并且與大腸癌的浸潤、轉(zhuǎn)移有關(guān)。
大腸癌;L1細(xì)胞黏附分子;實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR
[Abstract]Objective To investigate the L1-CAM mRNA expression in cancerous tissue of patientswith colorectal carcinoma and to evaluate the relationship between L1-CAM mRNA expression and clinicopathological significance. Methods Cancerous tissue and para-carcinoma tissue samples were collected from 58 patientswith colorectal carcinoma from Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital.Real time PCR was used to detect the L1-CAM mRNA expression in cancerous tissue and para-carcinoma tissue,and the relationships between L1-CAM mRNA expression and pathologic parameterswere observed.Results The expression of L1-CAM mRNA was significantly higher in cancerous tissue than in para-carcinoma tissue(P<0.05).L1-CAM mRNA expression was found to be significantly related with the pathologic parameters,such as depth of differentiation,venous invasion,lymphatic invasion,lymph node metastasis,and clinicopathological stage(Dukes),with statistically significant differences(P<0.05);however,no significant association between L1-CAM mRNA expression and age,sex,tumor size,or the type of tumorwere found(all P>0.05).Conclusion The high expression of L1-CAM may be related with the devolopmentand progression of colorectal cancer.
[Key words]Colorectal carcinoma;L1-CAM;Real time PCR
L1細(xì)胞黏附分子(L1 cell adhesionmolecules,L1-CAM)是分子量為200~220 kD的免疫球蛋白超家族Ⅰ型跨膜糖蛋白,是主要介導(dǎo)細(xì)胞間及細(xì)胞與胞外基質(zhì)間黏附作用的細(xì)胞表面糖蛋白,其胞外域由6個(gè)細(xì)胞外免疫球蛋白區(qū)域、5個(gè)纖維連接蛋白區(qū)域以及由85~147個(gè)氨基酸組成的疏水跨膜細(xì)胞質(zhì)區(qū)域組成[1]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),L1-CAM對(duì)中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的發(fā)育起著關(guān)鍵的作用:最初它是在神經(jīng)元細(xì)胞特別是神經(jīng)鞘細(xì)胞中被發(fā)現(xiàn),促進(jìn)L1-CAM陽性的神經(jīng)細(xì)胞突起生長,參與細(xì)胞間接觸、黏附、軸索的遷移、分化成纖維束。L1-CAM主要通過嗜同性和嗜異性兩者相結(jié)合機(jī)制與鄰近細(xì)胞結(jié)合,從而將細(xì)胞黏附在一起。
近年來大量研究結(jié)果顯示,L1-CAM在腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展中扮演了非常重要的角色。L1-CAM在人類正常組織中表達(dá)是缺失的,但在多種人類惡性腫瘤中高表達(dá),如乳腺癌、子宮內(nèi)膜癌、胃癌等[2-5],并在腫瘤的侵襲、轉(zhuǎn)移、上皮間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化及腫瘤血管生成等一系列過程中起著重要作用。研究顯示,L1-CAM常表達(dá)于實(shí)體腫瘤侵襲邊緣,與腫瘤細(xì)胞侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移密切相關(guān)[6-8]。因此,本研究采用實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR方法檢測(cè)大腸癌患者癌組織與癌旁正常組織L1-CAM mRNA表達(dá)的差異,并分析其與臨床病理因素之間的關(guān)系,為進(jìn)一步探討大腸癌發(fā)病的機(jī)制和診治研究提供新的思路。
1.1對(duì)象
收集2012年1月~2014年12月于浙江省人民醫(yī)院肛腸外科行大腸癌手術(shù)患者的組織標(biāo)本58例為實(shí)驗(yàn)組,另選擇癌旁正常組織為對(duì)照組。全部病例均經(jīng)手術(shù)和病理檢查證實(shí),術(shù)前均未接受化療及放療。58例患者中,男34例,女24例;年齡35~82歲,中位年齡為56歲;結(jié)腸癌23例,直腸癌35例;腫瘤病理組織學(xué)類型:黏液腺癌16例,乳頭狀腺癌9例,管狀腺癌33例;大腸癌分期按Dukes法,A期14例,B期20例,C期16例,D期8例。
1.2儀器與試劑
M-MLV逆轉(zhuǎn)錄酶(MBIFermentas公司),Trizol試劑(美國Invitrogen公司),實(shí)時(shí)熒光PCR儀(德國Roche公司)。
1.3方法
1.3.1設(shè)計(jì)與合成在GENEBANK查到引物基因序列,使用軟件Primer Express 2.0進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。L1-CAM基因引物序列:上游5'-GGCACCAAATGGCTGTGAAG-3';下游3'-CCAAAGGCCTTCTCCTCGTT-5';產(chǎn)物大小256 bp。內(nèi)參基因GAPDH引物序列:上游5'-AGAA GGCTGGGGCTCATTTG-3';下游3'-AGGGGCCATCCACAGTCTTC-5';產(chǎn)物大小258 bp。
1.3.2標(biāo)本制備標(biāo)本采集后迅速放到液氮中冷凍,置于-80℃冰箱保存。
1.3.3RNA提取和cDNA合成取50~100 mg組織樣本用液氮研磨,加入Trizol中充分裂解后,加0.2 mL氯仿4℃離心15min,取上清加入500μL預(yù)冷的異丙醇,-20℃沉淀35 min以上,取出后4℃離心10 min,棄去液體加入1 mL 80%乙醇,4℃離心10 min,棄去乙醇后室溫下晾干3~5min,加入50~100μL Nuclease-free water溶解 RNA。用 NanoDrop 1000測(cè)定RNA濃度。取總RNA 2μg進(jìn)行逆轉(zhuǎn)錄,按照說明書要求進(jìn)行cDNA合成,所合成的cDNA置于-20℃冰箱保存。
1.3.4實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR L1-CAM mRNA和GAPDH mRNA的反應(yīng)液組成:Nuclease-free water 5μL,5× RT Buffer 2μL,RT Enzyme Mix 0.5μL,Primer Mix 0.5μL,RNA 2μg。PCR反應(yīng):反應(yīng)體系為20μL,包括SYBG 10μL,H2O 7.2μL,Primer F 0.4μL,Primer R 0.4μL,上述反應(yīng)液2μL。反應(yīng)條件:95℃變性1min,95℃5 s,60℃15 s,72℃20 s,共35個(gè)循環(huán);熔解曲線反應(yīng)程序?yàn)椋?5~95℃每5秒增加0.5℃。每個(gè)樣本都做3個(gè)復(fù)孔。
1.3.5PCR產(chǎn)物定量的校正和判定分析采用相對(duì)定量法,在測(cè)定目的基因的同時(shí)測(cè)定內(nèi)參基因GAPDH,用以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化標(biāo)本。根據(jù)Real time PCR原理,CT值和樣本起始拷貝數(shù)呈對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系,CT值越高,起始拷貝數(shù)越少,利用CT值就可以計(jì)算L1-CAM和GAPDH的比值,即靶基因表達(dá)水平=靶基因CT值/內(nèi)參CT值,以此比值做統(tǒng)計(jì)處理。該比值與mRNA實(shí)際表達(dá)值成反比,即比值越高,實(shí)際表達(dá)值越低。
1.4統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
應(yīng)用SPSS 19.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計(jì)量資料數(shù)據(jù)用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(±s)表示,兩組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn);以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1L1-CAM在大腸癌組織和癌旁正常組織中的表達(dá)
大腸癌組織和癌旁正常組織均表達(dá)L1-CAM mRNA,其表達(dá)水平分別為(0.988±0.486)和(1.412± 0.413),大腸癌組織中L1-CAM mRNA表達(dá)顯著高于癌旁正常組織(P<0.05)。
2.2癌組織L1-CAM表達(dá)與大腸癌臨床病理指標(biāo)的關(guān)系
L1-CAM mRNA表達(dá)與大腸癌臨床病理指標(biāo)的關(guān)系見表1。從表中可知,L1-CAM表達(dá)與分化程度、靜脈侵犯、淋巴管侵犯、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、Dukes分期密切相關(guān)(均P<0.05);而與性別、年齡、腫瘤大小、腫瘤類型無明顯相關(guān)(均P>0.05)。該結(jié)果表明L1-CAM與大腸癌的浸潤、轉(zhuǎn)移密切相關(guān)。
L1-CAM細(xì)胞黏附分子是細(xì)胞黏附分子免疫球蛋白超家族中的重要成員之一。L1-CAM作為Wnt/ β-catenin(β-cat)/LEF/TCF信號(hào)通路的靶基因,通常在正常人類組織中表達(dá)缺失,而當(dāng)Wnt信號(hào)通路組成元件發(fā)生突變時(shí),由于β-cat的降解受到抑制,使得胞質(zhì)聚集并形成β-cat/LEF/TCF復(fù)合體,該復(fù)合體與L1-CAM基因啟動(dòng)子上的β-cat/LEF/TCF結(jié)合位點(diǎn)結(jié)合即可促進(jìn)L1-CAM基因啟動(dòng)子的表達(dá)[9-10]。實(shí)驗(yàn)證明,采用siRNA干擾腫瘤細(xì)胞β-cat的表達(dá)后,L1-CAM的表達(dá)也相應(yīng)地明顯降低,說明L1-CAM的表達(dá)與腫瘤細(xì)胞的侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移具有密切的相關(guān)性[11]。事實(shí)上,L1-CAM在多種惡性腫瘤組織中均呈高表達(dá),并在腫瘤的侵襲、轉(zhuǎn)移、上皮間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化及腫瘤血管生成等一系列過程中起著重要作用[12-15]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,大腸癌患者癌組織L1-CAM mRNA表達(dá)強(qiáng)度顯著高于癌旁正常組織,說明L1-CAM的過度表達(dá)同樣與大腸癌的發(fā)生發(fā)展有密切的關(guān)系,大腸癌癌細(xì)胞從中度異型增生發(fā)展到重度異型增生是一個(gè)逐漸演變的過程,這一過程可能是通過自分泌或旁分泌的作用方式促進(jìn)癌細(xì)胞的增殖和發(fā)展[16]。
表1 L1-CAM表達(dá)與大腸癌臨床病理指標(biāo)關(guān)系(±s)
表1 L1-CAM表達(dá)與大腸癌臨床病理指標(biāo)關(guān)系(±s)
臨床特征 例數(shù) L1-CAM mRNA水平 P值性別0.523男女34 24 0.956±0.401 1.033±0.389年齡≤60歲>60歲腫瘤大小≤5 cm>5 cm腫瘤類型乳頭狀腺癌/管狀腺癌黏液腺癌分化程度高分化中低分化靜脈侵犯0.167 35 23 0.905±0.476 1.114±0.399 0.451 39 19 1.014±0.355 0.935±0.478 0.082 42 16 1.022±0.397 0.898±0.496 0.026 9 49 1.379±0.433 0.916±0.463 0.035有無20 38 0.799±0.369 1.087±0.412淋巴管侵犯0.018有無21 37 0.784±0.432 1.104±0.445淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移0.022有無23 35 0.820±0.395 1.098±0.485 Dukes分期A/B C/D 0.029 34 24 1.110±0.425 0.815±0.399
腫瘤的浸潤與轉(zhuǎn)移是惡性腫瘤的主要生物學(xué)特征,分析判斷腫瘤細(xì)胞的浸潤和淋巴轉(zhuǎn)移對(duì)評(píng)估患者預(yù)后及復(fù)發(fā)密切相關(guān)[16-18]。Gavert等[19]將L1-CAM呈陽性表達(dá)的結(jié)腸癌LS174T細(xì)胞系中加入去整合素樣金屬蛋白酶10水解L1-CAM,其可溶性片段通過尾靜脈注射到成瘤小鼠體內(nèi),研究結(jié)果證實(shí),L1-CAM可促進(jìn)腫瘤細(xì)胞發(fā)生肝臟轉(zhuǎn)移。Kajiwara等[20]采用逆轉(zhuǎn)錄PCR研究發(fā)現(xiàn),侵襲邊緣的L1-CAM mRNA表達(dá)水平顯著高于中心區(qū)域的癌細(xì)胞,并且與淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移密切相關(guān),該結(jié)果提示L1-CAM表達(dá)與結(jié)腸癌的惡性程度密切相關(guān)。本研究表明,隨著大腸癌臨床病理分期的升高,L1-CAM mRNA表達(dá)明顯上升,大腸癌Dukes C、D期L1-CAM的表達(dá)明顯高于A、B期(P<0.05)。癌組織中L1-CAM mRNA的表達(dá)在不同分化程度、靜脈侵犯、淋巴管侵犯、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、Dukes分期的腫瘤組織具有顯著性差異。L1-CAM在有轉(zhuǎn)移、復(fù)發(fā)傾向的大腸癌組織中表達(dá)明顯高于無轉(zhuǎn)移、復(fù)發(fā)的大腸癌組織,這表明L1-CAM表達(dá)越高,大腸癌的增殖活性就越強(qiáng),其浸潤、轉(zhuǎn)移的可能性也就越大。研究結(jié)果提示L1-CAM參與大腸癌的浸潤和轉(zhuǎn)移。
綜上所述,L1-CAM的表達(dá)是一個(gè)對(duì)臨床評(píng)估大腸癌預(yù)后非常有意義的參考指標(biāo),可為臨床評(píng)估預(yù)后、判定復(fù)發(fā)提供客觀科學(xué)的理論依據(jù)。目前針對(duì)L1-CAM的抗體正在研究之中,其有望成為臨床上大腸癌化學(xué)藥物治療的新靶點(diǎn)[21-26]。
[1]Takeda Y,Asou H,MurakamiY,etal.A nonneuronal isoform of cell adhesion molecule L1:Tissue-specific expression and functionalanalysis[J].JNeurochem,1996,66(6):2338-2349.
[2]Doberstein K,Milde-Langosch K,etal.L1CAM isexpressed in triple-negative breast cancers and is inversely correlated with Androgen receptor[J].BMCCancer,2014,15(14):958.
[3]Thike AA,Chong YZ,Cheok PY,et al.Loss of androgen receptor expression predicts early recurrence in triplenegative and basal-like breast cancer[J].Modern Pathology,2014,27(3):352-360.
[4]Schirmer U,Doberstein K,Rupp AK,etal.Role ofmiR-34a as a suppressor of L1CAM in endometrial carcinoma[J]. Oncotarget,2014,5(2):462-472.
[5]Hou Z,Yin H,Chen C,et al.microRNA-146a targets the L1 cell adhesion molecule and suppresses the metastatic potential of gastric cancer[J].Mol Med Rep,2012,6(3):501-506.
[6]Hai J,Zhu CQ,BandarchiB,etal.L1 celladhesionmolecule promotestumorigenicityandmetastaticpotentialinnon-small cell lung cancer[J].ClinicalCancerResearch,2012,18(7):1914-1924.
[7]Bosse T,NoutRA,Stelloo E,etal.L1 celladhesionmolecule is a strong predictor for distant recurrence and overall survival in early stage endometrial cancer:Pooled PORTEC trial results[J].European Journal of Cancer,2014,50(15):2602-2610.
[8]Dong HS,Min AK,Kim HS,etal.L1 celladhesionmolecule expression is associated with pelvic lymph nodemetastasis and advanced stage in diabetic patients with endometrial cancer:amatched case control study[J].Journal of Cancer Prevention,2014,19(3):231-239.
[9]Kiefel H,Bondong S,Hazin J,et al.L1CAM:amajor driver for tumor cell invasion and motility[J].Cell Adh Migr,2012,6(4):374-384.
[10]GavertN,VivantiA,Hazin J,etal.L1-mediated colon cancer cellmetastasis does not require changes in EMT and cancer stem cellmarkers[J].Mol Cancer Res,2011,9(1):14-24.
[11]Sung SY,Wu IH,Chuang PH,etal.Targeting L1 cell adhesion molecule expression using liposome-encapsulated siRNA suppresses prostate cancer bone metastasis and growth[J].Oncotarget,2014,5(20):9911-9929.
[12]Bondong S,Kiefel H,Hielscher T,et al.Prognostic significance of L1CAM in ovarian cancer and its role in constitutive NF-kappaB activation[J].Ann Oncol,2012,23(7):1795-1802.
[13]HaiJ,ZhuCQ,BandarchiBZ,etal.L1 celladhesionmolecule promotes tumorigenicity and metastatic potential in nonsmall cell lung cancer[J].Clin Cancer Res,2012,18(7):1914-1924.
[14]Bosse T,NoutRA,StellooE,etal.L1 celladhesionmolecule is a strong predictor for distant recurrence and overall survivalin early stageendometrialcancer:Pooled PORTEC trial results[J].Euro JCancer,2014,50(15):2602-2610.
[15]DongHS,Min AK,Kim HS,etal.L1 celladhesionmolecule expression is associated with pelvic lymph nodemetastasis and advanced stage in diabetic patientswith endometrial cancer:amatched case control study[J].Journal of Cancer Prevention,2014,19(3):231-239.
[16]侍立志,王兆春.EGF,EGFR和PCNA表達(dá)與大腸癌臨床病理學(xué)特征及關(guān)系[J].中國普通外科雜志,2004,13(4):253-256.
[17]Kim KS,Min JK,Liang ZL,etal.Aberrant L1 celladhesion molecule affects tumor behavior and hemosensitivity in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma[J].Clin Cancer Res,2012,18(11):3071-3078.
[18]劉亮洪.細(xì)胞粘附分子L1與腫瘤關(guān)系的研究進(jìn)展[J].醫(yī)學(xué)信息,2014,27(8):653-654.
[19]Gavert N,Shefer M,Raveh S,et al.Expression of L1-CAM and ADAM10 in human colon cancer cells induces metastasis[J].Cancer Res,2007,67(16):7703-7712.
[20]Kajiwara Y,Ueno H,Hashiguchi Y,et a1.Expression of L1 celladhesionmolecule andmorphologic features at the invasive front of colorectal cancer[J].Am JClin Pathol,2011,136(1):138-144.
[21]Suh DH,Kim MA,Kim HS,etal.L1 celladhesionmolecule expression isassociated with pelvic lymph nodemetastasis and advanced stage in diabetic patientswith endometrial cancer:amatched case control study[J].JCancer Prev,2014,19(3):231-239.
[22]王亞叢,李琦.中醫(yī)藥聯(lián)合化療對(duì)大腸癌根治術(shù)后減毒作用的研究[J].中國醫(yī)藥科學(xué),2015,5(8):20-24.
[23]Doberstein K,Harter PN,Haberkorn U,et al.Antibody therapy to human L1CAM in a transgenic mouse model blocks local tumor growth but induces EMT[J].Int J Cancer 2015,136(5):E326-339.
[24]任建琳,呂祥,陳文婷,等.健脾復(fù)方通過Wnt/β-catenin信號(hào)通路抑制裸鼠人大腸癌轉(zhuǎn)移[J].中國醫(yī)藥科學(xué),2014,4(4):23-25,28.
[25]Weidle UH,Eggle D,Kloslermann S.L1-CAM as a target for treatment of cancer with monoclonal antibodies[J]. Anticancer Res,2009,29(12):4919-4931.
[26]Wolterrink S,Moldenhauer G,F(xiàn)ogel M,et al.Therapeutic antibodies to hunman L1CAM:functional characteriazation and application in amousemodel for ovarian carcinoma[J].Cancer Res,2010,70(6):2504-2515.
Expression of L1-CAM mRNA in patients with colorectal carcinoma detected by Real time PCR and its relationship with clinical significance
ZHENG Xiaochun1LIN Jingyang2FANGQingxia1CAO Hongfeng3
1.Department of Pharmacy,Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital,Zhejiang Province,Hangzhou310014,China;2.Department of Cardiology,Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital,Zhejiang Province,Hangzhou310014,China;3.Department of Anorectal Surgery,Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital,Zhejiang Province,Hangzhou310014,China
R735.35
A
1673-7210(2016)09(b)-0092-04
2016-06-02本文編輯:程銘)
浙江省醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生科技項(xiàng)目(2015KYB018,2011 KYB013);浙江省中醫(yī)藥科技項(xiàng)目(2015ZQ006);浙江省科技廳公益類項(xiàng)目(2016C33115)。
方晴霞(1966-),女,碩士,副主任藥師,主要從事醫(yī)院藥學(xué)和腫瘤藥理研究。