于 鴻 張耿月 魏天雪 何春瑩 劉玉俠吉林省腫瘤防治研究所,吉林長(zhǎng)春 130012
不同來(lái)源的細(xì)胞因子誘導(dǎo)的殺傷細(xì)胞體外抗腫瘤作用的比較研究
于鴻張耿月魏天雪何春瑩劉玉俠▲
吉林省腫瘤防治研究所,吉林長(zhǎng)春130012
[摘要]目的比較來(lái)自臍帶血和惡性腫瘤患者外周血的細(xì)胞因子誘導(dǎo)的殺傷細(xì)胞(cytokine-induced killer,CIK)體外抗腫瘤作用的差異。方法 體外誘導(dǎo)培養(yǎng)肺癌患者外周血和臍血來(lái)源的CIK細(xì)胞,MTT法和流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測(cè)誘導(dǎo)的CIK細(xì)胞的抗腫瘤活性及機(jī)制。結(jié)果 來(lái)自肺癌患者外周血和臍血的CIK細(xì)胞中CD3+細(xì)胞、CD3+CD56+和CD3+CD8+細(xì)胞百分比均伴隨培養(yǎng)時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)而升高,組間比較無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異;誘導(dǎo)培養(yǎng)21 d時(shí),臍血CIK細(xì)胞和肺癌患者外周血來(lái)源的CIK細(xì)胞的增殖率分別為(185.76±39.68)%、(254.32±74.60)%,二者之間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.0012);臍血CIK細(xì)胞的抗腫瘤活性高于肺癌患者外周血來(lái)源的CIK細(xì)胞(效靶比10∶1,靶細(xì)胞為K562細(xì)胞時(shí),P=0.0016;靶細(xì)胞為A549細(xì)胞時(shí),P=0.0022);臍血CIK細(xì)胞CD107a表達(dá)高于來(lái)自肺癌患者外周血的CIK細(xì)胞(靶細(xì)胞為K562細(xì)胞時(shí),P=0.0469;靶細(xì)胞為A549細(xì)胞時(shí),P=0.0413);臍血CIK細(xì)胞IFN-γ和TNF-α的分泌水平高于肺癌患者CIK細(xì)胞(P=0.0352;P=0.0389);臍血CIK細(xì)胞和肺癌患者CIK細(xì)胞誘導(dǎo)K562細(xì)胞凋亡的百分率為(25.30±4.87)%和(19.87±5.41)%,二者之間差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.2658)。結(jié)論 流式細(xì)胞術(shù)可同時(shí)檢測(cè)CIK細(xì)胞的表型、功能及作用機(jī)制。本研究為臨床應(yīng)用CIK治療提供更多選擇和實(shí)驗(yàn)室依據(jù)。
[關(guān)鍵詞]細(xì)胞因子誘導(dǎo)的殺傷細(xì)胞;流式細(xì)胞術(shù);免疫治療;CD107a
細(xì)胞因子誘導(dǎo)的殺傷細(xì)胞(cytokine induced killer cells,CIK)是一群異質(zhì)性的具有抗腫瘤作用的細(xì)胞。CIK細(xì)胞主要表達(dá)CD3和CD56,抗腫瘤活性強(qiáng),增殖迅速。用患者自身PBMC誘導(dǎo)的CIK細(xì)胞已經(jīng)顯示良好的臨床療效,尤其對(duì)慢性髓系白血病、肝癌、結(jié)直腸癌、腎癌、肺癌、乳腺癌等[1]。但是腫瘤患者在經(jīng)歷了放化療后,經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)白細(xì)胞減少、貧血等癥狀。尤其晚期惡性腫瘤患者每毫升外周血中單核細(xì)胞的數(shù)量也較正常人少。因此為了減輕患者負(fù)擔(dān),提高臨床療效,本研究比較了來(lái)自健康捐助者的臍血CIK細(xì)胞和來(lái)自肺癌患者外周血的CIK細(xì)胞在體外的抗腫瘤作用,并初步探討了其機(jī)制上的差異,以尋找更有效可行的CIK治療方法。
1.1材料來(lái)源
白血病細(xì)胞系K562和肺癌細(xì)胞系A(chǔ)549由吉林省腫瘤防治研究所常規(guī)傳代培養(yǎng)。Recombinant hu man interleukin(IL)-2、IFN-γ、CD3-mAb(OKT-3)、IL-1α購(gòu)自Biolegend。PI、anti-CD3-ECD、anti-CD56-PC5、anti-CD8-PC5、anti CD3-FITC、anti-CD8-FITC及相應(yīng)的同型對(duì)照抗體均購(gòu)自貝克曼庫(kù)爾特公司。5,6-carboxyfluoresceindiacetatesuccinimidyester(CFSE)購(gòu)自Molecular Probes。Annexin V apoptosis kit購(gòu)自BD公司。MonensinSolution(BioLegend,Cat.420701)。PE anti-human CD107a(Lysosome-Associated Membrane Protein1,LAMP-1,BioLegend,Cat.328608,Clone:H4A3)。CCK-8購(gòu)自碧云天生物技術(shù)公司。
1.2方法
1.2.1誘導(dǎo)培養(yǎng)CIK細(xì)胞肺癌患者外周血 (4份,10 mL/份)來(lái)自吉林省腫瘤醫(yī)院住院患者(2014年8月~2015年8月);4份臍血(10 mL/份)來(lái)自吉林省婦幼保健院(2014年8月~2015年8月)。血液樣本分別經(jīng)紅細(xì)胞裂解液處理后,獲得的細(xì)胞被培養(yǎng)在IMDM培養(yǎng)基中(10%FCS,37℃,5%CO2飽和濕度),細(xì)胞濃度(1~2)×106/mL。培養(yǎng)24 h后,加入1000 U/mL IFN-γ,CD3-mAb(50 ng/mL),IL-2(300 U/mL),IL-1α(100 U/mL),繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)并每3天半量換液或擴(kuò)瓶1次,同時(shí)補(bǔ)加IL-2(300 U/mL)。在培養(yǎng)的第14天和第21天收獲細(xì)胞,流式細(xì)胞儀檢測(cè)分析(Beckman Coulter Epics XL-MCL)細(xì)胞表型,即 CD3+CD56+、CD3+CD8+細(xì)胞百分率。
1.2.2CIK細(xì)胞增殖實(shí)驗(yàn)采用CCK-8染色法檢測(cè)誘導(dǎo)培養(yǎng)21 d的臍血CIK細(xì)胞和來(lái)自肺癌患者外周血的CIK細(xì)胞的增殖率。調(diào)整CIK細(xì)胞的初始密度為5×104/mL,37℃、5%CO2培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng),每3天擴(kuò)瓶1次,CCK-8染色,酶標(biāo)儀檢測(cè)(490 nm),直到第21天,計(jì)算增殖率并分析比較實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果。
1.2.3CIK細(xì)胞體外抗腫瘤活性實(shí)驗(yàn)(流式細(xì)胞儀法)標(biāo)記靶細(xì)胞:A549和K562細(xì)胞用PBS洗1遍,調(diào)整細(xì)胞濃度為1.5×106/mL,CFSE(2.5 μmol/L)標(biāo)記細(xì)胞,37℃孵育8 min,PBS洗細(xì)胞1次,加入1 mL IMDM(含10%FCS),室溫避光孵育10 min,再加入PBS洗細(xì)胞1次備用。標(biāo)記效應(yīng)細(xì)胞:調(diào)整CIK細(xì)胞濃度為1×106/100 μL,標(biāo)記用CD3、CD8和CD56抗體,室溫避光孵育30 min,細(xì)胞用PBS洗1次備用。調(diào)整靶細(xì)胞密度為5×104/mL,設(shè)置不同的效靶比,分別為1∶1、5∶1、10∶1,相應(yīng)的CIK效應(yīng)細(xì)胞濃度分別為5×104/mL、25×104/mL、50×104/mL,分別設(shè)單獨(dú)的靶細(xì)胞和效應(yīng)細(xì)胞對(duì)照,37℃、5%CO2培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng)24 h后,PI染色,流式細(xì)胞儀檢測(cè)分析。
1.2.4CIK細(xì)胞體外抗腫瘤活性實(shí)驗(yàn) (MTT法)按上述同樣的效靶比將細(xì)胞接種于96孔板中,靶細(xì)胞濃度為2×104/孔,37℃ 5%CO2培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng)24 h后,加入CIK細(xì)胞,MTT法檢測(cè)CIK對(duì)靶細(xì)胞的殺傷效率。酶標(biāo)儀檢測(cè)490 nm處吸光度(A)值。抑制率(%)= [1-(實(shí)驗(yàn)組A值-CIK細(xì)胞A值)/腫瘤細(xì)胞A值]× 100%。
1.3觀察指標(biāo)
1.3.1檢測(cè)CIK細(xì)胞CD107a表達(dá) 調(diào)整CIK細(xì)胞濃度為1×106/100 μL,加入CD107a-PE(10 μL),37℃,5%CO2培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng)1 h后,加入Monensin,將效應(yīng)細(xì)胞和靶細(xì)胞按10∶1的效靶比混合,37℃,5%CO2培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng)3~4 h,PBS洗細(xì)胞1次,標(biāo)記細(xì)胞用相應(yīng)的CD3、CD8和CD56抗體,2%多聚甲醛固定細(xì)胞,流式細(xì)胞儀檢測(cè)分析。實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)陰性對(duì)照(單獨(dú)CIK組)以控制自發(fā)產(chǎn)生的CD107a。
1.3.2細(xì)胞因子的檢測(cè)按前述方法將10∶1混合的效靶細(xì)胞(A549)培養(yǎng)24 h后,ELISA法檢測(cè)培養(yǎng)上清中IFN-γ和TNF-α表達(dá)。
1.3.3細(xì)胞凋亡實(shí)驗(yàn)按前述方法將10∶1混合的效靶細(xì)胞(K562)培養(yǎng)24 h后,收集細(xì)胞,Annexin V/PI染色,流式細(xì)胞儀檢測(cè)分析,每個(gè)樣本收集10000個(gè)細(xì)胞。數(shù)據(jù)分析采用Coulter EXPO 32 v1.2軟件。
1.4統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析
2.1流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測(cè)誘導(dǎo)培養(yǎng)的CIK細(xì)胞表型
來(lái)自肺癌患者外周血和臍血的CIK細(xì)胞在誘導(dǎo)培養(yǎng)的第14天和第21天的細(xì)胞表型檢測(cè)結(jié)果表明,隨著培養(yǎng)的延長(zhǎng),CD3+細(xì)胞、CD3+CD56+和CD3+CD8+細(xì)胞百分比升高(圖1)。培養(yǎng)第14天時(shí),來(lái)自肺癌患者外周血CIK細(xì)胞的CD3+細(xì)胞、CD3+CD8+和CD3+CD56+細(xì)胞百分比分別為(86.00±5.25)%、(66.88±2.56)%、(14.90±5.79)%;臍血CIK細(xì)胞的CD3+細(xì)胞、CD3+CD8+和CD3+CD56+細(xì)胞百分比分別為(90.68±1.77)%、(69.00±7.60)%、(20.13±3.09)%。培養(yǎng)第21天時(shí),來(lái)自肺癌患者外周血CIK細(xì)胞的CD3+細(xì)胞、CD3+CD8+和CD3+CD56+細(xì)胞百分比分別為(91.13±5.48)%、(70.58± 2.49)%、(14.98±5.53)%;臍血CIK細(xì)胞的CD3+細(xì)胞、CD3+CD8+和CD3+CD56+細(xì)胞百分比分別為(96.83± 1.18)%、(76.15±5.78)%、(21.35±2.70)%。雖然臍血CIK細(xì)胞的CD3+、CD3+CD8+和CD3+CD56+細(xì)胞百分比高于肺癌患者外周血來(lái)源的CIK細(xì)胞,但二者之間差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(CD3+細(xì)胞百分比:P=0.1348;CD3+CD8+細(xì)胞百分比:P=0.0836);CD3+CD56+細(xì)胞百分比:P=0.1269。
圖1 CIK表型分析
2.2CIK細(xì)胞增殖實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果
本研究使用CCK-8染色實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測(cè)CIK細(xì)胞的增殖能力,培養(yǎng)21 d的肺癌患者外周血和臍血來(lái)源的CIK細(xì)胞增殖率分別為(185.76±39.68)%、(254.32±74.60)%,二者之間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.0012)。
2.3CIK細(xì)胞體外抗腫瘤活性實(shí)驗(yàn)(流式細(xì)胞儀法)結(jié)果
CIK細(xì)胞與腫瘤細(xì)胞共孵育后,CIK細(xì)胞表面CD3、CD8、CD56的表達(dá)率與單獨(dú)CIK對(duì)照組相比沒(méi)有發(fā)生明顯變化。以死亡的靶細(xì)胞標(biāo)記為CFSE+PI+為依據(jù),進(jìn)一步比較來(lái)自肺癌患者和臍血的CIK細(xì)胞的抗腫瘤活性,結(jié)果表明,二者對(duì)A549和K562細(xì)胞均有抑制作用,來(lái)自臍血的CIK細(xì)胞有更強(qiáng)的抗腫瘤作用(圖2)。
圖2 流式檢測(cè)CIK細(xì)胞對(duì)腫瘤細(xì)胞的殺傷作用
2.4CIK細(xì)胞體外抗腫瘤活性實(shí)驗(yàn)(MTT法)結(jié)果
根據(jù)公式計(jì)算來(lái)自肺癌患者外周血和臍血的CIK細(xì)胞對(duì)A549和K562細(xì)胞的體外生長(zhǎng)抑制率,結(jié)果顯示腫瘤患者自體CIK細(xì)胞和臍血CIK細(xì)胞均有不同程度的抗腫瘤效應(yīng)且隨效靶比的升高而增加;效靶比相同時(shí),臍血CIK細(xì)胞的體外抑瘤活性高于來(lái)自肺癌患者的CIK細(xì)胞(圖3)。
2.5檢測(cè)CIK細(xì)胞CD107a表達(dá)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果
本研究通過(guò)檢測(cè)CD107a的表達(dá)來(lái)間接說(shuō)明CIK細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞毒性功能,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,臍血CIK細(xì)胞CD107a表達(dá)高于來(lái)自肺癌患者外周血的CIK細(xì)胞(圖4)。
圖3 MTT法檢測(cè)CIK細(xì)胞對(duì)腫瘤細(xì)胞的殺傷作用
2.6檢測(cè)CIK細(xì)胞分泌的細(xì)胞因子
ELISA法檢測(cè)CIK細(xì)胞分泌的IFN-γ和TNF-α,臍血CIK和肺癌患者CIK分泌IFN-γ分別為(185.25± 30.45)pg/mL和(148.72±35.83)pg/mL,兩者比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.0352);TNF-α分別為(20.85± 4.58)pg/mL和(14.88±3.32)pg/mL,兩者比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.0389)。
2.7流式檢測(cè)腫瘤細(xì)胞凋亡實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果
圖4 不同CIK細(xì)胞CD107a表達(dá)
本研究用Annexin V/PI雙染色檢測(cè)來(lái)自肺癌患者外周血來(lái)源的CIK細(xì)胞和臍血CIK細(xì)胞對(duì)K562細(xì)胞凋亡的影響,結(jié)果見(jiàn)圖5。臍血CIK細(xì)胞誘導(dǎo)的K562細(xì)胞凋亡的百分率[Annexin V+PI-細(xì)胞:(25.30± 4.87)%]高于肺癌患者的CIK細(xì)胞[Annexin V+PI-細(xì)胞:(19.87±5.41)%],但是統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析結(jié)果顯示二者之間差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.2658)。
細(xì)胞因子誘導(dǎo)的殺傷細(xì)胞(CIK)臨床治療惡性腫瘤的安全性和可行性已被很多基礎(chǔ)和臨床試驗(yàn)確認(rèn)[2-6]。CIK細(xì)胞是異質(zhì)性的細(xì)胞群體,包括 CD3+CD56+、CD3+CD56-、CD3-CD56+細(xì)胞群,其中CD3+CD56+細(xì)胞來(lái)自CD3+CD56-T細(xì)胞,主要負(fù)責(zé)非主要組織相容性復(fù)合體(MHC)限制性的抗腫瘤活性。體外誘導(dǎo)培養(yǎng)的CIK細(xì)胞是單個(gè)核細(xì)胞在CD3單抗和多種細(xì)胞因子(包括IFN-γ、IL-2等)作用下產(chǎn)生的一群以CD3+CD56+細(xì)胞為主要效應(yīng)細(xì)胞的異質(zhì)細(xì)胞群,既具有T淋巴細(xì)胞強(qiáng)大的抗腫瘤活性,又具有NK細(xì)胞的非MHC限制性腫瘤殺傷能力,殺瘤活性高、殺瘤譜廣。
目前,對(duì)于CIK細(xì)胞大規(guī)模制備應(yīng)用和總體療效的評(píng)估已經(jīng)達(dá)成一定的共識(shí)[7,8]。本研究在前人經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上[9-11],比較了來(lái)自臍血和肺癌患者外周血來(lái)源的CIK細(xì)胞體外抗腫瘤作用及機(jī)制的差異,以期為CIK細(xì)胞的臨床應(yīng)用提供更多的實(shí)驗(yàn)依據(jù)。本研究實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,與肺癌患者CIK細(xì)胞相比,臍血來(lái)源的CIK細(xì)胞表達(dá)CD3+CD56+、CD3+CD8+的比例更高,具有明顯增強(qiáng)的抗腫瘤作用和增殖能力,同時(shí)伴隨增加分泌IFN-γ、TNF-α。IFN-γ能夠調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)體的免疫力,抑制病毒復(fù)制,抑制腫瘤細(xì)胞的增殖;TNF-α除能夠誘導(dǎo)腫瘤細(xì)胞凋亡之外,還能夠促進(jìn)細(xì)胞毒性T細(xì)胞的分化以及其他效應(yīng)因子,如IL-2、IFN-γ等的產(chǎn)生。
CIK細(xì)胞的抗腫瘤機(jī)制主要通過(guò)效靶細(xì)胞的接觸,CIK細(xì)胞表面的黏附分子,白細(xì)胞功能相關(guān)抗原-1 (leukocyte function-associated antigen-1,LFA-1)與腫瘤細(xì)胞表達(dá)的LFA-1配體結(jié)合,導(dǎo)致對(duì)腫瘤細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞毒作用;CIK細(xì)胞活化的信號(hào)通路主要涉及NK細(xì)胞受體與腫瘤細(xì)胞表達(dá)的配體的結(jié)合和被活化,最終導(dǎo)致對(duì)腫瘤細(xì)胞的脫顆粒和細(xì)胞毒性;此外,CIK細(xì)胞由Fas配體通過(guò)Fas信號(hào)通路誘導(dǎo)腫瘤細(xì)胞凋亡[12-17]。
圖5 CIK細(xì)胞對(duì)K562細(xì)胞凋亡的影響
效-靶細(xì)胞接觸后,微管的極化運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)將溶解性顆粒運(yùn)輸?shù)郊?xì)胞之間的免疫突觸中。顆粒一旦到達(dá)效應(yīng)細(xì)胞的質(zhì)膜,質(zhì)膜就會(huì)溶解,顆粒即被釋放到免疫突觸中,最終導(dǎo)致靶細(xì)胞死亡[16]。CD107a(LAMP-1)、CD107b(LAMP-2)是溶酶體相關(guān)膜糖蛋白(LAMPs)。效應(yīng)細(xì)胞的脫顆粒作用導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞內(nèi)的細(xì)胞毒性顆粒膜上存在的CD107a和b暴露在細(xì)胞表面,這一過(guò)程與細(xì)胞內(nèi)穿孔素的流失相關(guān),也與細(xì)胞內(nèi)IFN-γ的產(chǎn)生相關(guān)。因此檢測(cè)CD107a和CD107b的表達(dá)可以更全面的分析CIK細(xì)胞的功能。本研究的結(jié)果證實(shí)了臍血CIK細(xì)胞CD107a的表達(dá)高于來(lái)自肺癌患者外周血的CIK細(xì)胞。
目前流式檢測(cè)技術(shù)已廣泛應(yīng)用于基礎(chǔ)實(shí)驗(yàn)和臨床研究,使用流式細(xì)胞儀可以檢測(cè)單個(gè)細(xì)胞水平的增殖,敏感性大大提高,而且結(jié)合單抗標(biāo)記可以反映不同的細(xì)胞亞群的增殖、功能和作用機(jī)制,提供的信息更為豐富,同時(shí)也大大提高工作效率。本研究的技術(shù)路線就是采用流式細(xì)胞術(shù)同時(shí)檢測(cè)臍血CIK和肺癌患者來(lái)源的CIK細(xì)胞表型、功能和腫瘤細(xì)胞的凋亡等,使實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性和一致性明顯提高。如CIK細(xì)胞的體外抗腫瘤實(shí)驗(yàn)采用流式檢測(cè)和MTT法同步進(jìn)行,流式細(xì)胞術(shù)所獲得的檢測(cè)結(jié)果與MTT法相比敏感性和重復(fù)性更佳。
綜上所述,本研究為臨床應(yīng)用CIK治療提供更多選擇和實(shí)驗(yàn)室依據(jù)。后續(xù)的研究需要進(jìn)一步比較不同來(lái)源的CIK細(xì)胞在作用機(jī)制上的差異,最終為提高臨床療效提供證據(jù)。
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▲通訊作者
[中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)]R392.9;R730.2
[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼]A
[文章編號(hào)]1673-9701(2016)19-0038-05
收稿日期:(2016-05-26)
[基金項(xiàng)目]吉林省衛(wèi)生計(jì)生科研計(jì)劃(2014Z015)
Comparative study on anti-tumor effect of different sources of cytokine induced killer cells in vitro
YU HongZHANG GengyueWEI TianxueHE ChunyingLIU Yuxia
Jilin Province Cancer Prevention and Control Institute,Changchun130012,China
[Abstract]Objective To compare difference of the anti-tumor response of CIK cells from peripheral blood of patients with lung cancer and umbilical cord blood in vitro.Methods Peripheral monocytes were isolated from patients with lung cancer,and cord blood monocytes from healthy donors.Isolated cells were cultured and induced as CIK cells in vitro.The anti-tumor activities were measured by MTT assay and flow cytometry.Intracellular staining was used to test the secretion of cytokines.Results The percentage of CD3+,CD3+CD56+and CD3+CD8+cells in cord blood CIK and peripheral blood CIK of patients with lung cancer was increased with the prolongation of culture time,and there was no significant difference between the two groups;After cultured for 21 days,the proliferation rate of cord blood CIK cells and lung cancer patients'peripheral blood CIK cells was(185.76±39.68)%and(254.32±74.60)%,respectively,and there was significant difference between the two group(P=0.0012);The anti-tumor activity of cord blood CIK cells was higher than that of lung cancer patients'peripheral blood CIK cells(effector-target ratio of 10:1,when the target cells were K562 cells P=0.0016;when the target cells were A549 cells P=0.0022).CD107a expression in cord blood CIK cells was higher than CIK cells from the peripheral blood of patients with lung cancer(when the target cells were K562 cells,P=0.0469;when the target cells were A549 cells,P=0.0413);Secretion levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α in cord blood CIK cells were higher than that of CIK cells from lung cancer patients(P=0.0352,P=0.0389);The percentage of apoptotic K562 cells induced by cord blood CIK and CIK cells from lung cancer patients was(25.30±4.87)%and(19.87±5.41)%,respectively.There was no significant difference between them(P=0.2658).Conclusion The phenotype,function and mechanism of action of CIK cells can be detected simultaneously by flow cytometry.This results can provide experimental evidence for clinical application of CIK cells.
[Key words]Cytokine-induced killer cells;Flow cytometry;Immunotherapy;CD107a