蔣偉,張弦,周愛玲
TLR4/P38/JNK信號通路在海馬神經(jīng)元凋亡中的作用*
蔣偉1,張弦2,周愛玲3△
(1.南通大學(xué)科技與產(chǎn)業(yè)處,2.南通大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院感染性疾病科,3.南通大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院病理生理學(xué)系,江蘇南通226001)
目的:探討Toll樣受體4(TLR4)/P38/JNK信號通路在海馬神經(jīng)元凋亡中的作用及其機制,為神經(jīng)退行性疾病(ND)的發(fā)病機制與防治研究提供新的實驗依據(jù)。方法:采用體外培養(yǎng)7 d的新生大鼠海馬神經(jīng)元,免疫熒光雙標(biāo)法鑒定海馬神經(jīng)元純度。用TLR4配體脂多糖(LPS)或TLR4抗體預(yù)處理海馬神經(jīng)元,以激活或阻斷TLR4的作用。實驗1設(shè)正常對照組、LPS組及TLR4抗體+LPS組;免疫熒光法檢測P-P38,P-JNK的表達。實驗2分為6組:正常對照組,LPS組,TLR4抗體+LPS組,SB202190(抑制P38)+LPS組,SP600125(抑制JNK)+LPS組,PD98059(抑制ERK)+LPS組;分別用TLR4抗體、P38、JNK及ERK的抑制劑預(yù)處理海馬神經(jīng)元后再給以LPS刺激24 h,Western blot法檢測Bcl-2,Bax,Active-caspase-3的表達變化;流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測海馬神經(jīng)元凋亡率。結(jié)果:LPS組海馬神經(jīng)元P-P38、P-JNK的表達明顯高于正常對照組(P<0.01),TLR4抗體+LPS組P-P38,P-JNK表達顯著低于LPS組(P<0.01)。與正常對照組相比,LPS組海馬神經(jīng)元Bcl-2/Bax表達減少、Active-caspase-3表達增加,海馬神經(jīng)元凋亡率增加(P<0.01)。而TLR4抗體+LPS組、SB202190+LPS組、SP600125+LPS組Bcl-2/Bax顯著高于LPS組、Active caspase-3顯著低于LPS組(P<0.01),海馬神經(jīng)元凋亡率顯著低于LPS組(P<0.05,P<0.01)。PD98059+LPS組與LPS組海馬神經(jīng)元凋亡率無明顯差異。結(jié)論:①海馬神經(jīng)元中有TLR4介導(dǎo)的P38/JNK信號通路。②海馬神經(jīng)元TLR4激活后,P-P38、P-JNK表達增加,使Bcl-2/Bax的比例降低和Active-caspase-3表達增加,從而促進海馬神經(jīng)元的凋亡。海馬神經(jīng)元凋亡過程中有TLR4介導(dǎo)的P38/JNK信號通路的參與。
海馬神經(jīng)元;TLR4/P38/JNK信號通路;Bcl-2/Bax;凋亡蛋白酶-3;細(xì)胞凋亡;脂多糖
神經(jīng)退行性疾病(neurodegenerative disease,ND)是一類慢性、進行性神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病,神經(jīng)細(xì)胞退行性病變是它們的共同特點。在大多數(shù)ND中,尤其是阿爾茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)特征性病理變化之一是腦內(nèi)神經(jīng)元數(shù)目明顯減少,以海馬區(qū)和基底前腦受累最為嚴(yán)重,神經(jīng)元減少平均可達47%。目前認(rèn)為細(xì)胞凋亡(apoptosis)可能是引起AD神經(jīng)元數(shù)目減少的重要原因[1,2]。
然而,在AD腦中為什么會引起神經(jīng)元的凋亡?近年來發(fā)現(xiàn)的Toll樣受體(Toll-like Receptors,TLRs)是一組新的模式識別受體(pattern recognition receptor,PRR)。已知,在中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)(central nervous system,CNS)中,小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞、星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞表達TLR1-9
[3];最近Tang[4]等發(fā)現(xiàn)培養(yǎng)的皮層神經(jīng)元表達TLR2和TLR4。近期本實驗室的研究[5,6]和Walter[7]等均發(fā)現(xiàn)AD腦中TLR4表達增多,大鼠海馬和皮層組織中能夠表達TLR1-11,各種Toll樣受體mRNA在正常未受干預(yù)的海馬神經(jīng)元上表達程度不同,海馬神經(jīng)元中TLR4高表達。
海馬神經(jīng)元中這些TLR4有何潛在意義?TLR4是人類發(fā)現(xiàn)的第1個TLR相關(guān)蛋白,主要識別革蘭陰性細(xì)菌細(xì)胞壁成分脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)。海馬神經(jīng)元凋亡過程中是否有TLR4介導(dǎo)的信號通路的參與?最近,Tang等[8]指出,培養(yǎng)的皮層神經(jīng)元表達TLR2和TLR4參與了神經(jīng)元凋亡。TLR4與其配體LPS結(jié)合后,能否通過P38/JNK信號通路調(diào)控海馬神經(jīng)細(xì)胞凋亡未見報道。
本項目采用大鼠海馬神經(jīng)元原代培養(yǎng),利用不同的工具藥,采用LPS作為TLR4的配體,TLR4抗體為阻斷劑,運用MAPK通路選擇性抑制劑SB202190 (抑制P38),SP600125(抑制JNK),PD98059(抑制ERK)預(yù)處理海馬神經(jīng)元,以減弱或加強TLR4信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路的作用。運用免疫熒光、AnnexinV/PI、蛋白印跡等技術(shù)擬在細(xì)胞和分子水平,觀察海馬神經(jīng)元凋亡相關(guān)蛋白,細(xì)胞凋亡率差異。探討海馬神經(jīng)元凋亡過程中是否有TLR4介導(dǎo)的P38/JNK信號通路的參與,揭示海馬神經(jīng)元可以通過TLR4介導(dǎo)的信號通路引起其自身神經(jīng)元的凋亡。
1.1材料
出生1 d內(nèi)SPF級SD大鼠,由南通大學(xué)實驗動物中心提供。許可證號:SYXK(蘇)2012-0031。
DMEM/F12培養(yǎng)基、胰蛋白酶(Gibco,USA); LPS、多聚賴氨酸(Sigma,USA);Trizol reagent(Invitrogen),鼠抗GFAP單克隆antibody(Santa cruse,sc-166458);兔抗TLR4多克隆antibody,(Santa cruse,sc-10741);SB202190,SP600125,PD98059 (Enzo,編號分別為:EI-294-0001,EI-305-0010,EI-360-0005);NSE Antibody(Anbobio,C0280);JNK1 Antibody(Epitomics,3496-1);JNK1/JNK2/JNK3 Phospho Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody(Epitomics,2155-1);P38 MAPK Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (Epitomics,1544-1);P38 MAPK Phospho Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody(Epitomics,1229-1)。
MLS-3750高壓蒸汽滅菌器(SANYO,日本); Milli-Q Reference系統(tǒng)(Millipore,美國);HQ-350 XT自動洗片機(蘇州虎丘影像科技有限公司);SIMF140AY65型制冰機(SANYO,日本);各種型號的移液器(德國Eppendorf公司);細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)板(美國Corning公司);超凈工作臺(蘇州華宏凈化技術(shù)有限公司);細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)箱(法國Jouan公司);PMC-880迷你離心機(TOMY,日本)。
1.2海馬神經(jīng)元的原代培養(yǎng)及純度鑒定
無菌操作下取新生1 d的SD乳鼠海馬組織,放入預(yù)冷的無菌平衡鹽溶液中(D-hanks液),剔除血管、腦膜等結(jié)締組織,平衡鹽溶液沖洗,剪碎成1 mm3左右的組織塊,0.125%胰蛋白酶吹打消化5 min左右,加入種植培養(yǎng)基(90%DMEM-F12,10%無支原體胎牛血清)終止消化5 min,200目鋼篩過濾,1 000 r/min,離心10 min,棄上清后,加入種植培養(yǎng)基,制成細(xì)胞懸液,血細(xì)胞計數(shù)板計數(shù),以1.0× 106cells/ml密度分別種植每孔中。置于37℃,5% CO2,95%濕度培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng),24 h后待細(xì)胞貼壁,全量換成飼養(yǎng)培養(yǎng)基(95%DMEM-F12,5%無支原體胎牛血清),然后每孔加入2%體積的B27。每隔3 d換液1次。培養(yǎng)7 d后采用神經(jīng)元特異性烯醇化酶(neuron-specific enolase,NSE)和Hoechst 33342免疫熒光雙標(biāo)法,對培養(yǎng)的海馬神經(jīng)細(xì)胞進行純度鑒定。
1.3實驗設(shè)計
1.3.1免疫熒光化學(xué)染色觀察P-P38,P-JNK的表達取培養(yǎng)7 d的海馬神經(jīng)元,分為control組、LPS (10 mg/ml)組、TLR4抗體+LPS組:TLR4抗體預(yù)處理2 h,加入LPS(10 mg/ml)刺激24 h,取出玻片進行免疫熒光化學(xué)染色,熒光顯微鏡(×200)下,觀察拍片,(隨機選取六個視野),觀察P-P38、P-JNK表達的陽性細(xì)胞數(shù)。
1.3.2 Western blot檢測Bcl-2,Bax,Activecaspase-3的表達及流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測海馬神經(jīng)元凋亡率實驗分為6組:control組、LPS組、TLR4抗體+LPS組、SB202190(抑制P38)+LPS組、SP600125 (抑制JNK)+LPS組、PD98059(抑制ERK)+LPS組,分別用TLR4抗體、P38、JNK及ERK的抑制劑預(yù)處理海馬神經(jīng)元后2 h,再給以LPS刺激24 h;分別提取總蛋白,BCA法進行蛋白濃度定量,應(yīng)用蛋白印跡法檢測各組目的蛋白水平,用10%的SDSPAGE電泳P38,P-P38,JNK,P-JNK,12%的SDSPAGE電泳Bcl-2,Bax,β-Actin,Activited caspase-3,分離的蛋白用濕電轉(zhuǎn)移法轉(zhuǎn)到PVDF膜上,0.5%脫脂奶粉室溫封閉1.5 h,TBST洗脫3次,抗體(P38,JNK稀釋比例為1∶3 000;P-P38,P-JNK為1∶750; Bcl-2,Bax,Activited caspase 3為1∶500;β-Actin為1∶5 000)孵育,4℃過夜,再次TBST洗脫3次,然后用兔抗大鼠二抗(1∶5 000)室溫孵育2 h,再次TBST洗膜,然后使用ECL發(fā)光液于凝膠自動生成系統(tǒng)曝光,β-Actin為內(nèi)參,重復(fù)試驗3次,用Image J對蛋白灰度值進行計算,用Graph Pad Prism軟件對數(shù)據(jù)進行統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析。
培養(yǎng)的海馬神經(jīng)元,PBS輕輕沖洗,按照凋亡試劑盒上的操作進行,F(xiàn)luor 488 annexin V/PI雙染,于流式細(xì)胞儀上檢測。每組試驗重復(fù)3次,用Graph Pad Prism軟件對數(shù)據(jù)進行統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析。
1.4統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法
實驗數(shù)據(jù)以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(珋x±s)表示,應(yīng)用SPSS11.5軟件對兩組資料進行t檢驗,多組資料進行方差分析;采用Sigma Pro 5軟件對免疫熒光結(jié)果圖像進行采集,GraphPad Prism 4軟件作圖分析。統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法采用ANOVA。
2.1海馬神經(jīng)元的原代培養(yǎng)及純度鑒定
原代培養(yǎng)的大鼠海馬神經(jīng)元,4 h后開始貼壁生長。24 h換液后繼續(xù)培養(yǎng),細(xì)胞開始有細(xì)小的突起長出。隨著培養(yǎng)時間的延長,突起越來越長。至7~8 d細(xì)胞聚集生長,胞體呈圓形,有較好的折光性,數(shù)量多,生長旺盛。于倒置相差顯微鏡下觀察見大量海馬神經(jīng)元鋪滿板底,并融合成單層(圖1)。
Fig.1 The morphous of normal hippocampal neurons of rats (×40)
培養(yǎng)7 d的海馬神經(jīng)元進行細(xì)胞免疫熒光化學(xué)染色,對海馬神經(jīng)元的純度進行鑒定。海馬神經(jīng)元被神經(jīng)元特異性NSE標(biāo)記的二抗染成紅色,著色部分位于海馬神經(jīng)元的胞漿。用Hoechst將所有細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞核染成藍色。經(jīng)過觀察多視野并先后拍攝同一視野下的紅色熒光和藍色熒光,然后將同一視野下的兩張圖片進行合并,統(tǒng)計所有視野中藍色和紅色同時著色的細(xì)胞數(shù)占所有細(xì)胞核著色的細(xì)胞數(shù)的比值,即可計算出海馬神經(jīng)元的純度。經(jīng)過計算,培養(yǎng)7~8 d的海馬神經(jīng)元純度達到95%以上,滿足實驗的要求,可以用于進一步實驗(圖2)。
2.2免疫熒光法檢測P-P38、P-JNK的表達
磷酸化的P38(P-P38)的被染成綠色,control組P-P38顯著低于單一LPS組和TLR4抗體+LPS組(P<0.01),單一LPS刺激組P-P38表達量最多,明顯高于control組和TLR4抗體+LPS組(P<0.01,圖3,表1)。control組P-JNK表達最少,control組PP38顯著低于單一LPS組和TLR4抗體+LPS組(P<0.01);TLR4抗體+LPS組表達次之,而單一LPS刺激組P-JNK表達量最多,明顯高于control組和TLR4抗體+LPS組(P<0.01,圖4,表1)。
2.3Westernblot檢測P-P38、P-JNK的蛋白表達
與正常對照組比較,LPS組Bcl-2/Bax表達降低,Active-caspase-3表達升高(P<0.01);與LPS組比較,TLR4抗體+LPS組、LPS+SB202190和LPS +SP600125組Bcl-2/Bax均顯著升高,Activecaspase-3明顯降低(P<0.01);而PD98059+LPS組與LPS組比較無明顯統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(圖5、圖6,表2)。
Fig.2 Identification of purity for hippocampal neurons(Immunofluorescence×400)
Fig.3 Changes of P-P38 positive cells of each group detected by immunofluorescence(×200)
Fig.4 Changes of P-JNK positive cells of each group detected by immunofluorescence(×200)
Fig.5 Bcl-2,Bax protein expression in the hippocampal neurons
2.4流式細(xì)胞術(shù)測定抑制TLR4/P38/JNK通路后海馬神經(jīng)元凋亡率
結(jié)果可見,圖中左下象限為活細(xì)胞(LL),左上象限為死細(xì)胞(UL),右下象限為早期凋亡細(xì)胞(LR),右上象限為晚期凋亡細(xì)胞(UR)。凋亡細(xì)胞總數(shù)為UR+LR之和。正常組海馬神經(jīng)元凋亡率較少,LPS組、PD98059+LPS組海馬神經(jīng)元凋亡率顯著高于正常對照組(P<0.01);TLR4抗體阻斷組、SB202190+LPS及SP600125+LPS海馬神經(jīng)元凋亡率均顯著低于LPS組;而PD98059+LPS組與LPS組比較無明顯統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(圖7,表2)。
Fig.6 Active caspase-3 protein expressionin in the hippocampal neurons
Fig.7 Apoptotic rates of hippocampal neurons in different groups detected by flow ytometry
A:Control;B:LPS;C:TLR4 antibody+LPS;D: SB202190+LPS;E:SP600125+LPS;F:PD98059+ LPS;
LPS:Lipopolysaccharide
AD、肌萎縮性脊髓側(cè)索硬化(amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,ALS)和帕金森綜合征(Parkinson's syndrome,PD)均屬神經(jīng)退行性疾病,海馬區(qū)和基底前腦等腦組織的神經(jīng)元死亡變性是這些疾病的共同特征;而細(xì)胞的死亡主要是通過細(xì)胞的凋亡,近年來大量證據(jù)表明在神經(jīng)退行性疾病如AD、ALS、PD等患者的腦組織標(biāo)本中均有凋亡的生化標(biāo)志物[9]。
海馬組織是大腦邊緣系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分,是學(xué)習(xí)、記憶等高級神經(jīng)活動的重要部位。神經(jīng)細(xì)胞退行性病變可以損傷海馬組織甚至產(chǎn)生細(xì)胞凋亡或死亡。本實驗以體外培養(yǎng)的大鼠海馬神經(jīng)元為研究對象,探討海馬神經(jīng)元凋亡過程中是否有TLR4介導(dǎo)的P38/JNK信號通路的參與,揭示海馬神經(jīng)元可以通過TLR4介導(dǎo)的信號通路引起其自身神經(jīng)細(xì)胞的凋亡。
Tab.1 Changes of P-P38 and P-JNK positive cells of each group detected by immunofluorescence(珋x±s,n=6)
Tab.2 The expressions of Bcl-2/Bax active-caspase-3 and apoptotic rates of hippocampal neurons in different groups(珋x±s,n=3)
3.1激活海馬神經(jīng)元TLR4引起凋亡率的增加
細(xì)胞凋亡是機體在內(nèi)外環(huán)境因素的刺激下,啟動自身機制,由基因調(diào)控的細(xì)胞死亡過程。但TLR4與其配體LPS結(jié)合后,能否引起海馬神經(jīng)元凋亡呢?施曉容等報道,單純LPS誘導(dǎo)高熱導(dǎo)致幼鼠海馬神經(jīng)元凋亡增多,LPS聯(lián)合海人藻酸(KA)誘導(dǎo)幼鼠海馬凋亡陽性細(xì)胞數(shù)明顯增多[10]。本實驗室近期研究發(fā)現(xiàn),LPS可以誘導(dǎo)培養(yǎng)的新生大鼠海馬神經(jīng)元凋亡[11]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,海馬神經(jīng)元TLR4的激活可引起海馬神經(jīng)元自身凋亡的增加。
3.2激活海馬神經(jīng)元TLR4對P-P38、p-JNK表達的影響
絲裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路中主要有P38通路、c-Jim氨基末端激酶(c-Jun N-terminal kinase,JNK)通路、細(xì)胞外信號調(diào)節(jié)蛋白激酶(extracellular signalregulated protein kinases,ERK)通路;MAPK是公認(rèn)與細(xì)胞增殖,分化及細(xì)胞凋亡關(guān)聯(lián)的細(xì)胞內(nèi)信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)酶類[12]。
但海馬神經(jīng)元TLR4能否通過MAPK信號通路中的P38/JNK/ERK調(diào)控海馬神經(jīng)元的凋亡?p38已經(jīng)被證實在PC12和小腦顆粒細(xì)胞[13]的凋亡調(diào)控過程中有著重要的作用。JNK信號通路被認(rèn)為是一條導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞凋亡的重要通路,c-Jun的持續(xù)性表達和磷酸化為神經(jīng)細(xì)胞凋亡所必需,Aβ誘導(dǎo)大鼠皮質(zhì)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞凋亡時,c-Jun的磷酸化水平呈時間依賴性升高。各應(yīng)激反應(yīng)中均有JNK通路激活,用特異性阻斷劑阻斷JNK通路,結(jié)果表現(xiàn)出抑制凋亡的保護效應(yīng),表明JNK通路是細(xì)胞應(yīng)激反應(yīng)誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞凋亡的主要信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)途徑[14]。p38、JNK的磷酸化產(chǎn)物PP38、P-JNK標(biāo)志著P38、JNK的激活,JNK及P38這兩條通路的激活與應(yīng)激時的多種病理生理及細(xì)胞凋亡過程有關(guān)。本研究結(jié)果表明,海馬神經(jīng)元TLR4激活后,引起P38、JNK磷酸化水平的升高,而TLR4抗體預(yù)處理能顯著降低由LPS引起的P38、JNK的磷酸化的升高。
3.3TLR4/p38/JNK信號通路的激活能降低Bcl-2/Bax、增加Active-caspase-3表達
在MAPK信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)途徑中,ERK是最早被發(fā)現(xiàn)的而且是最具特征性的絲裂原活化蛋白激酶,認(rèn)為其與細(xì)胞的增殖、轉(zhuǎn)化和分化有關(guān)。JNK與P38通路參與和介導(dǎo)細(xì)胞凋亡。JNK信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)途徑具有多樣性,其激活促進細(xì)胞凋亡的發(fā)生,調(diào)控凋亡相關(guān)基因的表達及激活半胱氨酸蛋白酶(Caspase)家族有關(guān),Caspase家族是神經(jīng)細(xì)胞凋亡的重要調(diào)節(jié)因子?;罨腸aspase-3有著核心地位,在凋亡過程中占據(jù)著主導(dǎo)地位,能夠特異性的切割DNA,使參與DNA損傷修復(fù)的相關(guān)蛋白酶失活,導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞凋亡。
凋亡是受基因調(diào)控的,與凋亡相關(guān)的蛋白基因是Bcl-2家族,分為抗凋亡和促凋亡兩類,Bcl-2是抗凋亡基因,而Bax是促凋亡基因[15],二者的比例是決定細(xì)胞是否發(fā)生凋亡的重要調(diào)控因素。在體內(nèi)Bcl-2可與Bax形成二聚體使Bax功能失活而抑制細(xì)胞凋亡,Bcl-2/Bax組成一個平衡體系,Bax增加則加速細(xì)胞凋亡,而Bcl-2過多則細(xì)胞凋亡被抑制,他們表達的蛋白在體內(nèi)共同調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞凋亡。Bcl-2/ Bax的比值在中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞凋亡中起關(guān)鍵作用。本研究結(jié)果表明,海馬神經(jīng)元TLR4/P38/ JNK信號通路激活后,使促凋亡蛋白Bax、Active caspase-3表達上調(diào),抑制凋亡蛋白Bcl-2表達下調(diào)。
3.4TLR4/P38/JNK信號通路參與了海馬神經(jīng)元的凋亡
流式細(xì)胞儀定量分析結(jié)果可見,LPS組海馬神經(jīng)細(xì)胞凋亡率明顯高于正常對照組;TLR4抗體組,SB202190組和SP600125組細(xì)胞凋亡率均低于單一LPS剌激組,PD98059+LPS組與LPS組細(xì)胞凋亡率無明顯差異。結(jié)果顯示,TLR4/P38/JNK信號通路參與了海馬神經(jīng)元的凋亡。
綜上所述,LPS激活海馬神經(jīng)元TLR4后,P38和JNK磷酸化程度明顯增強;Bcl-2/Bax表達降低,Active-caspase-3表達升高;海馬神經(jīng)元凋亡率增加。分別抑制海馬神經(jīng)元TLR4、P38、JNK后,能分別降低經(jīng)LPS激活TLR4后的細(xì)胞凋亡率。海馬神經(jīng)元有TLR4/P38/JNK信號通路,該通路的激活能引起自身細(xì)胞的凋亡。
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The role of TLR4/P38/JNK signaling pathway in apoptosis of hippocampal neurons
JIANG Wei1,ZHANG Xian2,ZHOU Ai-Ling3△
(1.Science Technology and Industry Department,Nantong University,2.Department of Infectious Disease,Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University,3.Department of Pathophysiology,Medical College of Nantong University,Nantong 226001,China)
Objective:To investigate the effects of the Toll like receptor 4(TLR4)-P38-JNK signaling pathway in the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons in rats and its mechanisms.And to provide new experimental evidences for the pathogenesis research,prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases(ND).Methods:The hippocampal neurons derived from newborn rat were cultured for 7 d in vitro.The purity of hippocampal neurons was identified by immunofluorescence method.In order to activate or block the action of TLR4,the hippocampal neurons were pretreated with TLR4 ligand lipopolysaccharide(LPS)or TLR4 antibody.In the experiment1,the hippocampal neurons were divided into normal control group,LPS group and TLR4 antibody+LPS group.The expressions of P-P38 and P-JNK were deteced by immunofluorescence.In the experiment2,the hippocampal neurons were divided into 6 groups: normal control group,LPS group,TLR4 antibody+LPS group,SB202190(inhibitor P38)+LPS group,SP600125(inhibitor JNK)+ LPS group,PD98059(inhibitor ERK)+LPS group.The cells in above mentioned groups were pretreated with TLR4 antibody,the inhibitors of P38,JNK or ERK for 2 h respectively.Then,all the six groups were stimulated by LPS for 24 h.The expressions of Bcl-2,Bax and Active-caspase-3 were detected by Western blot.The hippocampal neuronal apoptosis rate were tested with flow cytometry.Results:The expressions of P-P38 and P-JNK of hippocampalneurons in LPS group were higher than those in normal control group(P<0.01).Compared with LPS group,the expressions of P-P38 and P-JNK were decreased significantly in TLR4 antibody+LPS group (P<0.01).Compared with the normal control group,the expressions of Bcl-2/Bax were decreased,while the expression of Activecaspase-3 was increased in the hippocampal neurons after LPS stimulation(P<0.01).The apoptotic rate of hippocampal neurons was higher in LPS group than that in the control group(P<0.01).Compared with LPS group,the expressions of Bcl-2/Bax were increasd and the expression of Active-caspase-3 was decreased in TLR4 antibody+LPS group,SB202190+LPS group,and SP600125+LPS group.The apoptotic rate of hippocampal neurons was significantly lower than that in the LPS group(P<0.05,P<0.01).The cell apoptosis rate had no significantdifferences between PD98059+LPS group and LPS group.Conclusion:①TLR4-mediated P38/JNKsignaling pathway exists in hippocampal neurons.②After TLR4 activation in hippocampal neurons,the expressions of P-P38 and PJNK are up-regulated,the expressions of Bcl-2/Bax are decreased and the expression of Active-caspase-3 is increased,which promote apoptosis of hippocampal neurons.TLR4/P38/JNK signaling pathway is involved in apoptosis of hippocampal neurons.
hippocampal neurons;TLR4/P38/JNK pathway;Bcl-2/Bax;Active-caspase-3;cell apoptosis;lipopolysaccharides
R3
A
1000-6834(2016)06-571-06
10.13459/j.cnki.cjap.2016.06.019
南通市應(yīng)用研究科技計劃項目(BK2013007)資助
2015-09-23
2016-06-12
△【通訊作者】Tel:0513-85051732;E-mail:ALZ@ntu.edu.cn