周洪鐘, 劉 波, 任吉華, 陶娜娜, 陳 祥, 李宛蔚, 陳 娟
(重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)感染性疾病分子生物學(xué)教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,重慶 400016)
熱休克蛋白70對(duì)HBV復(fù)制的影響*
周洪鐘, 劉 波, 任吉華, 陶娜娜, 陳 祥, 李宛蔚, 陳 娟△
(重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)感染性疾病分子生物學(xué)教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,重慶 400016)
目的: 探討過(guò)表達(dá)熱休克蛋白70(HSP70)對(duì)乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)復(fù)制的影響。方法: 運(yùn)用RT-qPCR檢測(cè)HBV復(fù)制對(duì)HSP70表達(dá)的影響及過(guò)表達(dá)HSP70對(duì)HBV 3.5 kb mRNA的影響;運(yùn)用Western blot法驗(yàn)證HSP70過(guò)表達(dá)效果及過(guò)表達(dá)HSP70對(duì)HBV核心蛋白的影響;RT-qPCR和Southern blot法分析過(guò)表達(dá)HSP70對(duì)HBV復(fù)制中間體的影響;運(yùn)用雙螢光素酶報(bào)告系統(tǒng)檢測(cè)過(guò)表達(dá)HSP70對(duì)HBV啟動(dòng)子活性的影響。結(jié)果:HBV復(fù)制顯著抑制HSP70的mRNA水平。過(guò)表達(dá)HSP70 抑制HBV復(fù)制中間體、3.5 kb mRNA以及核心蛋白的表達(dá),同時(shí)抑制HBV核心啟動(dòng)子的活性。結(jié)論:HBV復(fù)制抑制HSP70的表達(dá)。過(guò)表達(dá)HSP70 抑制HBV的復(fù)制。本研究結(jié)果表明,HSP70通過(guò)抑制核心啟動(dòng)子的活性抑制HBV的復(fù)制。
熱休克蛋白70; 乙型肝炎病毒
乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)感染是嚴(yán)重的公共衛(wèi)生問(wèn)題之一,全世界約有20億人感染HBV,其中約有3億5 000萬(wàn)人是慢性感染者[1-3]。HBV感染可以引起一系列與HBV相關(guān)的肝臟疾病,包括急性或慢性肝炎、肝硬化和肝癌[4]。目前,用于治療乙型肝炎的主要藥物包括干擾素和核苷類(lèi)似物,然而它們都不能有效消除HBV感染[5]。因此迫切需要探索新的治療乙型肝炎的方案。
熱休克蛋白70(heat shock protein 70,HSP70)是一類(lèi)屬于熱休克蛋白家族的分子伴侶,是一種由應(yīng)激誘導(dǎo)的保護(hù)細(xì)胞免受各種環(huán)境損害的高度保守蛋白質(zhì),其在蛋白質(zhì)或多肽的折疊、組裝、轉(zhuǎn)位中起著重要的作用[6-9]。有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,HSP70是天然免疫系統(tǒng)的預(yù)警信號(hào),與免疫性疾病有關(guān)[10];HSP70也是一種強(qiáng)有力的抗凋亡蛋白,通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)凋亡途徑參與腫瘤形成并調(diào)節(jié)腫瘤細(xì)胞增殖和存活[1-12];此外,HSP70還可以通過(guò)抑制甲型流感病毒核糖核蛋白的活性從而抑制病毒的轉(zhuǎn)錄和復(fù)制[13]。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)提示HSP70與病毒感染存在某種關(guān)系,但是HSP70與HBV感染之間的直接關(guān)系沒(méi)有被確定。因此,本課題將通過(guò)在HepG2.2.15和HepAD38 2種HBV復(fù)制細(xì)胞系中過(guò)表達(dá)HSP70來(lái)探究HSP70對(duì)HBV復(fù)制的調(diào)控作用。
1 細(xì)胞和質(zhì)粒
HepG2.2.15、HepAD38和HepG2細(xì)胞購(gòu)于ATCC;HBV復(fù)制質(zhì)粒pCH9/3091由第三軍醫(yī)大學(xué)林蘭教授惠贈(zèng);pGEM-HBV1.3由德國(guó)海德堡大學(xué)Protzer教授贈(zèng)送;HSP70質(zhì)粒購(gòu)于OriGene。
2 主要試劑
HSP70抗體購(gòu)于Santa Cruz;HBV核心蛋白(HBV core protein,HBc)抗體購(gòu)于Dako;抗GAPDH抗體購(gòu)于CST;MEM液體培養(yǎng)基購(gòu)于Corning;胎牛血清購(gòu)于Gibco;轉(zhuǎn)染試劑LipofectamineTM2000、TRIzol試劑購(gòu)自Invitrogen;iScriptTMcDNA合成試劑盒購(gòu)于Bio-Rad;實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR熒光染料SYBR Green購(gòu)于Roche。雙螢光素酶報(bào)告系統(tǒng)檢測(cè)試劑盒購(gòu)于Promega。
3 主要方法
3.1 細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)和轉(zhuǎn)染 HepG2細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)于含有10%胎牛血清、1×105U/L青霉素、100 mg/L鏈霉素的MEM培養(yǎng)基中。HepG2.2.15和HepAD38細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)于含有10%胎牛血清、400 mg/L G418的MEM培養(yǎng)基中。所有細(xì)胞在5% CO2、37 ℃培養(yǎng)箱中常規(guī)培養(yǎng)。質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染按說(shuō)明書(shū)操作。
3.2 Western blot實(shí)驗(yàn) 轉(zhuǎn)染后4 d,用含蛋白酶抑制劑的RIPA裂解液裂解細(xì)胞;取30 μg 細(xì)胞總蛋白于10% 的SDS-PAGE中分離蛋白;電泳后蛋白轉(zhuǎn)移至硝酸纖維素膜;5%脫脂牛奶封閉膜1 h,然后再4 ℃過(guò)夜孵育相應(yīng)的 I 抗(用封閉液按1∶2 000稀釋);TBST洗膜3次后,辣根過(guò)氧化物酶標(biāo)記的羊抗兔或羊抗鼠 II 抗(用封閉液按1∶3 000稀釋)室溫孵育2 h;TBST洗膜3次后,用ECL試劑顯影。
3.3 HBV復(fù)制中間體提取和Southern blot實(shí)驗(yàn) 轉(zhuǎn)染后5 d,用0.5 mL裂解緩沖液[10 mmol/L Tris-HCl (pH 8.0)、1 mmol/L EDTA、1% NP-40、2% sucrose]在37 ℃裂解細(xì)胞15 min,離心去除細(xì)胞碎片;在上清中加入4×104U/L DNase I和10 mmol/L MgCl237℃孵育4 h;然后加入200 μL 35% PEG-8000(含1.5 mol/L NaC1),冰浴1 h;4 ℃、12 000 ×g離心5 min,棄上清;加入500 μL蛋白酶K消化液[0.5% SDS、150 mmol/L NaCl、25 mmol/L Tris-HCl(pH 8.0)、10 mmol/L EDTA],45 ℃過(guò)夜;然后用酚氯仿抽提,異丙醇沉淀,70% 乙醇洗滌,TE緩沖液或ddH2O溶解HBV復(fù)制中間體。提取出的HBV復(fù)制中間體經(jīng)0.9%瓊脂糖凝膠電泳,電泳結(jié)束后將凝膠在含有0.5 mol/L NaOH和1 mol/L NaCl 的變性液中變性30 min,然后將DNA樣本轉(zhuǎn)移到尼龍膜,進(jìn)行紫外交聯(lián)和預(yù)雜交,預(yù)雜交后將膜在含有地高辛標(biāo)記的HBV特異性探針的雜交液中42 ℃過(guò)夜孵育,用CSPD化學(xué)發(fā)光。
3.4 RT-qPCR實(shí)驗(yàn) 按照SYBR Green說(shuō)明書(shū)配制體系進(jìn)行HBV復(fù)制中間體定量檢測(cè)。HBV的特異性上游引物為5’-CCTAGTAGTCAGTTATGTCAAC-3’,下游引物為5’-TCTATAAGCTGGAGGAGTGCGA-3’。采用TRIzol試劑盒提取各組細(xì)胞的總RNA。采用iScriptTMcDNA合成試劑盒合成cDNA。參照SYBR Green試劑盒實(shí)驗(yàn)操作說(shuō)明以β-actin為內(nèi)參照進(jìn)行RT-qPCR。HSP70的上游引物為5’-GCAAAGAACACAGTCCAAGG-3’,下游引物為5’-CCTGTAGGCAACTGCACAAT-3’;HBV 3.5 kb mRNA的上游引物為5’-GCCTTAGAGTCTCCTGAGCA-3’,下游引物為5’-GAGGGAGTTCTTCTTCTAGG-3’;β-actin的上游引物為5’-CTCTTCCAGCCTTCCTTCCT-3’,下游引物為5’-AGCACTGTGTTGGCGTACAG-3’。
3.5 螢光素酶報(bào)告基因檢測(cè) 細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)至融合度為80%,將重組雙螢光素酶報(bào)告載體pGL3-Sp1、pGL3-Sp2、pGL3-Xp和pGL3-Cp與HSP70或vector共轉(zhuǎn)染至HepG2.2.15和 HepAD38細(xì)胞中,表達(dá)海腎螢光素酶的pRL-TK載體作為內(nèi)參照。細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)36 h后,嚴(yán)格按照雙螢光素酶報(bào)告系統(tǒng)檢測(cè)試劑盒提供的說(shuō)明書(shū)操作。
4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
采用SPSS 20.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行分析。數(shù)據(jù)均采用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(mean±SD)表示,兩樣本均數(shù)比較采用t檢驗(yàn),多樣本均數(shù)比較采用單因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA),組間兩兩比較采用最小顯著性差異(LSD)法,以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
1 HSP70在HBV復(fù)制細(xì)胞系中的表達(dá)水平
首先我們比較了HSP70在HepG2、HepG2.2.15以及HepG2瞬時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)染HBV表達(dá)質(zhì)粒pCH9/3091和pGEM-HBV1.3細(xì)胞中的表達(dá)水平。RT-qPCR檢測(cè)發(fā)現(xiàn)HSP70 的 mRNA水平在HBV表達(dá)細(xì)胞系中顯著低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)顯著性(P<0.05),見(jiàn)圖1。
Figure 1.The expression of HSP70 in HBV-expressing cells. The mRNA levels of HSP70 were detected by RT-qPCR in HepG2, HepG2.2.15, and HepG2 cells transfected with pCH9/3091 or pGEM-HBV1.3. Mean±SD.n= 3.*P<0.05vsHepG2 group;#P<0.05vspcDNA3.1 group.
圖1 HSP70在HBV表達(dá)細(xì)胞系中的表達(dá)水平比較
2 過(guò)表達(dá)HSP70對(duì)HBV復(fù)制的影響
為了探討HSP70對(duì)HBV復(fù)制的影響,我們?cè)贖epG2.2.15和HepAD38細(xì)胞中瞬時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)染表達(dá)HSP70的質(zhì)粒。Western blot法驗(yàn)證HSP70過(guò)表達(dá)是成功的,見(jiàn)圖2。RT-qPCR檢測(cè)發(fā)現(xiàn),HBV復(fù)制中間體水平在HSP70過(guò)表達(dá)組顯著低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)顯著性(P<0.05),Southern blot實(shí)驗(yàn)證實(shí)在過(guò)表達(dá)HSP70后,HBV復(fù)制中間體的水平顯著降低,見(jiàn)圖3。RT-qPCR檢測(cè)發(fā)現(xiàn)過(guò)表達(dá)HSP70抑制HBV 3.5 kb mRNA的表達(dá),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)顯著性(P<0.05),見(jiàn)圖4。Western blot實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果也發(fā)現(xiàn)過(guò)表達(dá)HSP70能下調(diào)HBV核心蛋白的表達(dá)水平,見(jiàn)圖5。
Figure 2.The overexpression efficiency of HSP70 in HepG2.2.15 and HepAD38 cells was confirmed by Western blot.
圖2 Western blot法驗(yàn)證HepG2.2.15和HepAD38細(xì)胞系中HSP70過(guò)表達(dá)效果
Figure 3.The effect of HSP70 overexpression in HepG2.2.15 and HepAD38 cells on HBV DNA replicative intermediates was analyzed by RT-qPCR (A) and Southern blot (B), respectively. M:marker; rcDNA:relaxed-circular DNA; dsDNA:double stranded DNA; ssDNA:single stranded DNA. Mean±SD.n=3.*P<0.05vsvector group.
圖3 RT-qPCR和Southern blot法檢測(cè)在HepG2.2.15和HepAD38細(xì)胞系中過(guò)表達(dá)HSP70對(duì)HBV復(fù)制中間體的影響
Figure 4.The effect of HSP70 overexpression in HepG2.2.15 and HepAD38 cells on HBV 3.5 kb mRNA levels was detected by RT-qPCR. Mean±SD.n=3.*P<0.05vsvector group.
圖4 RT-qPCR檢測(cè)在HepG2.2.15和HepAD38細(xì)胞系中過(guò)表達(dá)HSP70對(duì)HBV 3.5 kb mRNA的影響
3 過(guò)表達(dá)HSP70對(duì)HBV啟動(dòng)子活性的影響
為了進(jìn)一步分析HSP70影響HBV復(fù)制的分子機(jī)制,我們?cè)贖epG2.2.15和HepAD38細(xì)胞中利用雙螢光素酶報(bào)告系統(tǒng)分析過(guò)表達(dá)HSP70對(duì)HBV啟動(dòng)子活性的影響,結(jié)果顯示,過(guò)表達(dá)HSP70抑制了HBV核心啟動(dòng)Cp的活性,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見(jiàn)圖6。因此,以上數(shù)據(jù)提示HSP70可能通過(guò)抑制核心啟動(dòng)子Cp的活性抑制HBV的復(fù)制。
Figure 5.The effect of HSP70 overexpression in HepG2.2.15 and HepAD38 cells on HBc expression was detected by Western blot.
圖5 Western blot法檢測(cè)在HepG2.2.15和HepAD38細(xì)胞系中過(guò)表達(dá)HSP70對(duì)核心蛋白的影響
熱休克蛋白在保護(hù)細(xì)胞免受應(yīng)激所致的潛在致死效應(yīng)中具有重要作用[6-7],其功能涉及細(xì)胞增殖與凋亡、多重耐藥以及P53功能的調(diào)節(jié)等[14]。根據(jù)蛋白質(zhì)組學(xué)分析,HSP70在HBV相關(guān)的肝細(xì)胞癌發(fā)展中發(fā)揮了重要作用[15];有研究報(bào)道,HSP70通過(guò)阻止核蛋白復(fù)合體的核轉(zhuǎn)位從而抑制甲型流感病毒復(fù)制[16];這提示HSP70在病毒復(fù)制調(diào)控中發(fā)揮了重要作用,因此我們探究了HSP70在調(diào)節(jié)HBV復(fù)制中的作用。本研究中,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)HSP70在HBV表達(dá)細(xì)胞系中顯著下調(diào),過(guò)表達(dá)HSP70可以顯著抑制HBV復(fù)制中間體、3.5 kb mRNA以及核心蛋白的表達(dá)。這些結(jié)果表明HSP70與HBV的復(fù)制密切相關(guān)。
Figure 6.Effects of HSP70 overexpression on HBV promoter activity in Hep2.2.15 and HepAD38 were detected by dual luciferase Reporter System. Mean±SD.n= 3.*P<0.05vsvector group.
圖6 雙螢光素酶報(bào)告系統(tǒng)檢測(cè)在Hep2.2.15 和HepAD38細(xì)胞中過(guò)表達(dá)HSP70對(duì)HBV啟動(dòng)子活性的影響
之前的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)有許多宿主因子參與HBV復(fù)制生命周期。HSP(gp96)通過(guò)HBx誘導(dǎo)NF-κB激活從而增強(qiáng)HBV的復(fù)制[17];鋅指蛋白是一種固有的宿主抗病毒因子,在轉(zhuǎn)錄后下調(diào)pgRNA從而抑制HBV復(fù)制[18],另外有研究報(bào)道,HS3ST3B1通過(guò)下調(diào)HBV啟動(dòng)子元件活性從而抑制HBV基因表達(dá)和DNA復(fù)制[19];綜上所述,我們推測(cè)HSP70可能通過(guò)影響HBV基因啟動(dòng)子活性來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)HBV轉(zhuǎn)錄和復(fù)制。我們?cè)贖epG2.2.15和HepAD38細(xì)胞中過(guò)表達(dá)HSP70后發(fā)現(xiàn),HBV核心啟動(dòng)子Cp的活性明顯下降,與前面結(jié)果一致的是,3.5kb mRNA、核心蛋白的轉(zhuǎn)錄表達(dá)正是由核心啟動(dòng)子Cp調(diào)控的。有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,SIRT1通過(guò)激活轉(zhuǎn)錄因子AP-1與核心啟動(dòng)子的結(jié)合,從而促進(jìn)HBV的復(fù)制[20];另外,ZEB2可直接結(jié)合到HBV核心啟動(dòng)子上并抑制啟動(dòng)子的活性,從而抑制HBV的轉(zhuǎn)錄與復(fù)制[21]。因此,我們猜想HSP70可能是通過(guò)直接或間接作用于HBV核心啟動(dòng)子而影響HBV復(fù)制與轉(zhuǎn)錄的。
綜上所述,本研究結(jié)果提示HSP70在HBV復(fù)制過(guò)程中起抑制作用,對(duì)乙型肝炎治療方法的發(fā)展具有重要意義。然而,HSP70介導(dǎo)的HBV復(fù)制調(diào)控的詳細(xì)機(jī)制還需要進(jìn)一步研究。
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(責(zé)任編輯: 陳妙玲, 余小慧)
Effect of HSP70 on HBV replication
ZHOU Hong-zhong, LIU Bo, REN Ji-hua, TAO Na-na, CHEN Xiang, LI Wan-yu, CHEN Juan
(KeyLaboratoryofMolecularBiologyonInfectiousDiseasesofMinistryofEducation,ChongqingMedicalUniversity,Chongqing400016,China.E-mail:yixin_xinyuan@163.com)
AIM: To investigate the role of heat shock protein 70(HSP70)in hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication. METHODS: The effect of HBV replication on the expression of HSP70 was analyzed by RT-qPCR. The overexpression efficiency of HSP70 was confirmed by Western blot. The effect of HSP70 overexpression on HBV DNA replicative intermediates was analyzed by RT-qPCR and Southern blot. The effects of HSP70 overexpression on the expression level of HBV 3.5 kb mRNA and HBV core protein were measured by RT-qPCR and Western blot, respectively. The Effect of HSP70 overexpression on HBV promoter activity was detected by dual luciferase reporter system. RESULTS: The mRNA levels of HSP70 were inhibited by HBV replication. Overexpression of HSP70 repressed the expression of HBV DNA replicative intermediates, 3.5 kb mRNA and core protein, as well as HBV core promoter activity. CONCLUSION: HBV replication inhibits the expression of HSP70. Overexpression of HSP70 represses HBV replication. These data suggest that HSP70 repressed HBV replication by inhibiting HBV core promoter activity.
Heat shock protein 70; HBV
1000- 4718(2016)08- 1425- 05
2016- 03- 10
2016- 06- 27
國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(No. 81472271)
R363
A
10.3969/j.issn.1000- 4718.2016.08.014
雜志網(wǎng)址: http://www.cjpp.net
△通訊作者 Tel: 023-68486780;E-mail: yixin_xinyuan@163.com