朱志偉 俞亭超 程偉平 邵煜 何忠文

摘 要：本研究以我國(guó)大中型城市為對(duì)象，研發(fā)以漏失控制和水質(zhì)保障為目的的壓力智能調(diào)控系統(tǒng)，減小管網(wǎng)總體漏損水量，提高城市飲用水的水質(zhì)，保障供水安全。針對(duì)村鎮(zhèn)居民分散、水質(zhì)差、維護(hù)技術(shù)水平低等狀況，研發(fā)適合村鎮(zhèn)的具有低投入、低成本，高效節(jié)能的，智能凈水與輸送供水系統(tǒng)。針對(duì)以上任務(wù)，研究單位突破了管網(wǎng)節(jié)點(diǎn)流量的校驗(yàn)技術(shù)難題，提出了基于廣義逆理論的矩陣式節(jié)點(diǎn)流量校驗(yàn)方法，開發(fā)出實(shí)時(shí)的大型管網(wǎng)水力模型系統(tǒng)，并在廣州得到了應(yīng)用，為大規(guī)模供水系統(tǒng)的壓力調(diào)控提供了技術(shù)支撐。自主研發(fā)了管網(wǎng)壓力智能調(diào)控設(shè)備，根據(jù)管網(wǎng)的入口壓力、用戶用水需求，以及管網(wǎng)末梢壓力，在保障城市用戶水壓需求的前提下，自動(dòng)進(jìn)行管網(wǎng)壓力的調(diào)控，降低供水壓力，降低漏損良，目前已經(jīng)投入實(shí)際應(yīng)用測(cè)試。針對(duì)在配水管網(wǎng)的外部環(huán)境中存在大量的污染物，低負(fù)壓是引起管外污水倒灌入侵的問(wèn)題，課題組開展漏損模型實(shí)驗(yàn)研究，自行設(shè)計(jì)了低負(fù)壓條件下管網(wǎng)漏損出的入侵體積測(cè)量裝置，并在實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)上加以應(yīng)用，獲取了低負(fù)壓事件引起的入侵體積的值，分析總結(jié)影響管網(wǎng)入侵體積大小的各種因素，取得了階段性成果；針對(duì)農(nóng)村用水量變化系數(shù)大的特定，研發(fā)了氣控智能變頻無(wú)塔集中自動(dòng)供水設(shè)備，設(shè)計(jì)包括密閉罐體、水泵和水管，水泵、智能控制模塊的一體化設(shè)備。實(shí)現(xiàn)可視化遠(yuǎn)程調(diào)整、監(jiān)測(cè)和維護(hù)。實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)人值守，降低運(yùn)行管理維護(hù)成本20～35%。針對(duì)華容地區(qū)農(nóng)村地下水鐵、錳超標(biāo)，村鎮(zhèn)經(jīng)濟(jì)和技術(shù)水平低，研發(fā)了適合村鎮(zhèn)的，集絮凝、沉淀、過(guò)濾、除鐵除錳、消毒一體化的凈水設(shè)備，并已經(jīng)投入示范工程建設(shè)。

關(guān)鍵詞：供水管網(wǎng)；壓力調(diào)控；污染物入侵；農(nóng)村供水；智能控制

Abstract：This study focuses on the subject of large and medium-sized cities in our country， research and development for the purpose of leakage control and water quality security of intelligent control system， pressure reducing overall leakage water pipe network， improve the water quality of city drinking water， to ensure the safety of water supply. According to for residents Dispersion in villages and towns， the condition of poor water quality， low maintenance technology， low cost， high efficiency and energy saving， intelligent water purification and water supply system is researched and developed for villages and towns with low investment. For the above tasks， research group solved the pipe network node flow calibration problem， put forward the node flow calibration method based on the theory of generalized inverse matrix， developed the large-scale hydraulic model of real-time system， and it was applied in Guangzhou city. It can provide the technical support large-scale water supply pressure regulation. Intelligent control equipment， independent research and development of pipe network pressure according to the inlet pressure of pipeline network， the user demand and the network peripheral pressure， automatic regulation of pipe network pressure lower supply pressure， reduce the leakage， now it is in the application testing. Due to water distribution network of the external environment in the presence of large amounts of pollutants， the contamination may intrude into the portable water in the low negative pressure. The research team carry out the experimental study on leakage model， designed the low negative pressure pipeline leakage under the condition of the invasion of volume measurement devices， to study the low negative pressure events caused by the invasion of the value of the volume， analyzed influence network intrusion volume size of various factors. An automatic water supply equipment is developed. It include intelligent frequency conversion without tower， the sealed tanks， pumps and pipes， the intelligent control module integration equipment. It can be remote adjusted， visual monitoring and maintenance. For huarong district rural groundwater excess iron， manganese， low level of rural economy and technology， developed for villages and towns， flocculation， sedimentation， filtration， disinfection， in addition to iron and manganese integrated water purification equipment， and has been put into construction of demonstration project.

Key words：water distribution； water pressure adjust； pollution invade ；rural water supply； intelligent control

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