本階段我們學習了名詞性從句,名詞性從句的主要考點有:名詞性從句引導詞之間的區(qū)別,同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別,if引導狀語從句與引導名詞性從句的區(qū)別,it在名詞性從句中的運用,名詞性從句引導詞的省略等?,F(xiàn)將它們的易錯、易混點進行總結(jié),希望對同學們的學習有所幫助。
【誤用1】Can you tell me how many students are there in your school?
【指正】are there改為there are。
【解讀】考查名詞性從句的語序。名詞性從句用陳述語序,尤其是直接引語改為間接引語時,直接引語是問句的時候,改為間接引語實際上就是賓語從句,要用陳述語序。
【典例】Some of them looked at him curiously and wondered what was the matter with him.
有幾個人好奇地望著他,弄不懂他要干什么。
She told me in detail how they overcame all the difficulties.
她詳細地告訴我他們是怎樣克服困難的。
【誤用2】You have to know that youre going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.
【指正】that改為where。
【解讀】考查賓語從句的引導詞。及物動詞know的后面是一個賓語從句,從句中謂語動詞是不及物動詞go,所以不需要賓語,那么就不能用連接代詞。根據(jù)go的意思看出,應該用作狀語的連接副詞where才可以表示“去哪里”,與后面的getting there對應。句意:如果你打算計劃好去那里的最佳方案,你必須知道你將要去哪里。
【典例】For example,we can learn where they find water,store food,and obtain their nest-building materials.
例如,我們能夠了解到它們在哪里找到水,儲藏食物和得到它們建筑窩巢的材料。
【誤用3】I truly believe what beauty comes from within.
【指正】what改為that。
【解讀】考查賓語從句的引導詞。that引導賓語從句時,不作任何成分,只起連接作用,可以省略。what是連接代詞,引導名詞性從句時其本身在從句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語、補足語等成分。該句從句部分不缺少任何成分,所以用that引導。句意:我很相信美麗源自于內(nèi)心。
【典例】The manager said (that) he believed (that) the client would come next week.
經(jīng)理說他相信客戶下周會來的。
The king said that such a brave soldier was worthy of reward.
國王說,這樣英勇的戰(zhàn)士值得嘉獎。
【誤用4】A ship in harbor is safe,but thats not why ships are built for.
【指正】why改為what,或者刪掉for。
【解讀】考查表語從句。表語從句是名詞性從句的一種,thats not后跟一個從句作表語,what在名詞性從句中作主語、賓語或表語等成分,表語從句中的介詞for后缺少賓語,因此用what。也可以刪掉for,因為連接副詞why可以引導表語從句,其本身在從句中作狀語,相當于what...for...。句意:船停放在海港里是很安全的,但這并非建造船的目的。
【典例】Every living thing requires water. That is why its pollution is now a problem of the worlds common concern.
各種生物都需要水,這就是為什么水污染現(xiàn)在成了全世界共同關注的問題。
【誤用5】Reading her biography(自傳),I was lost in admiration for that Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.
【指正】that改為what。
【解讀】考查賓語從句。that引導的賓語從句可以作動詞賓語,一般不作介詞賓語,除非特殊結(jié)構,如except that...“除了……”,in that...“因為……”等。句中的achieve是及物動詞,應該跟賓語,即引導介詞賓語從句的連詞在從句中作賓語,連接代詞what可以引導賓語從句,且作賓語。句意:讀完了她的自傳后,我對Doris Lessing在文學上做出的貢獻非常敬佩。
【典例】It was quite different from what I expected.它和我原來想的很不一樣。
She seemed completely uninterested in what I had to tell her about my new job.
我想把我新工作的事告訴她,她好像絲毫不感興趣。
He is a good student except that he is occasionally careless.
他是個好學生,只是他偶爾有些粗心。
Helen was unusual in that she was extremely intelligent and also remarkably sensitive.
海倫在這方面非同尋常,她非常聰明又相當敏感。
【誤用6】How Li Bai,a great Chinese poet,was born is known to the public,but some wont accept it.
【指正】How改為Where。
【解讀】考查主語從句。a great Chinese poet作Li Bai的同位語,is known是主句的謂語部分,因此,前面是主語從句。分析主語從句由was born看出用連接副詞,出生方式、原因不合題意,因此不能用連接副詞how和why,則只有where符合句意。句意:李白是一位偉大的中國詩人,他的出生地是眾所周知的,但有些人不愿接受這一事實。
【典例】Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.
英語晚會將在哪里舉行,還沒有宣布。
【誤用7】When we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
【指正】When改為How。
【解讀】考查主語從句。has是主句的謂語動詞,前面是主語從句,根據(jù)后面的has a lot to do with what we feel看出用how,因為心情不同,對事物的理解就不一樣。句意:我們?nèi)绾卫斫馐虑榕c我們的感受有很大關系。連接副詞how引導名詞性從句,其本身在從句中作方式狀語。
【典例】How she killed the man is still a mystery.
她是如何殺害那個男子的還是一個謎。
【誤用8】—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?
—Yeah,but I have no idea that he did it; thats one of his favorite universities.
【指正】idea后面的that改為why。
【解讀】考查同位語從句。根據(jù)Yeah的肯定答復,確定對于he did it是已經(jīng)知道的,再根據(jù)后面的“耶魯大學是他最喜歡的大學之一”看出不理解“麥克為什么會拒絕耶魯大學的錄取”,所以用why引導同位語從句,表示idea的具體內(nèi)容。轉(zhuǎn)換為賓語從句就是:I dont know why he did it.。根據(jù)題目意思,have no idea在不同的語境中還可以用where,when,how,that,what,which,who,whom,whose等引導其同位語從句。
【典例】 I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么時候回家。
Have you got the idea(that)this book gives you of life in ancient Greece?(that引導定語從句,作及物動詞give的直接賓語,可以省略,也可以用which。)
【誤用9】Do not let any failures discourage you,for you can never tell which close you may be to victory.
【指正】which改為how。
【解讀】考查賓語從句。動詞tell之后為賓語從句,可以看出賓語從句部分為感嘆句轉(zhuǎn)換而來,描述形容詞close用連接副詞how。how引導名詞性從句表示“多么”的意思,修飾形容詞或副詞。句意:你不能失敗了就灰心喪氣,因為你永遠不知道你有多么接近勝利。
【典例】 No,I dont know. I really dont know how many pens he has.
不,我不知道。我真的不知道他有多少支鋼筆。
I dont know how far we actually went,but it was far enough.
我不知道我們實際走了多遠,反正是足夠遠的了。
【誤用10】It remains to be seen that the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice.
【指正】that改為whether。
【解讀】考查名詞性從句。題目中的it作形式主語,真正主語為that后面的主語從句。主語從句中不缺少主干成分,所以不能用連接代詞,應該用連接副詞?!坝写挥^察”的事情是不確定的事所以要應用whether表“是否”,引導主語從句。it可以作形式主語或形式賓語,代替真正的主語從句或賓語從句。
【典例】It remains unknown when they are going to get married.他們何時結(jié)婚依然不明清楚。
It is not yet decided who will do that job.還沒決定誰做那項工作。
【誤用11】From space,the earth looks blue. This is why about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.
【指正】why改為because。
【解讀】考查名詞性從句的表語從句。why引導的從句的內(nèi)容表示結(jié)果,而題目中前面的句子就是結(jié)果,所以表語從句的內(nèi)容應該是原因,用連接副詞because引導表語從句,表示原因。
【典例】 He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.昨晚他沒有去看電影,因為他得幫他的妹妹做作業(yè)。
【誤用12】The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief which you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
【指正】which改為that。
【解讀】考查名詞性從句的同位語從句。belief后所接的從句對其內(nèi)容進行解釋、說明,故為同位語從句,陳述一個事實。同時從句不缺任何成分,that引導同位語從句只起連接作用,不作任何成分。句意:在最高水平上取得成功的唯一方法就是要完全相信在那個運動場上,你比其他任何人都優(yōu)秀。
【典例】The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.
他想到瑪麗可能生病了。( that引導的同位語從句與名詞thought之間被謂語部分隔開了。)
【誤用13】The reason why he was late was because he missed the train by one minute this morning.
【指正】because改為that。
【解讀】當主語是reason時,表語從句要用that引導。
【典例】The reason is that “How are you?” isnt really a question,and “Fine”isnt really an answer.
原因“你好嗎”并非真的是一個問題,而“不錯”也并非真的回答。
The reason is that I had to take my daughter to the doctor.
因為我得送我女兒去看醫(yī)生。
【誤用14】If this is true or not,I really dont know.
【指正】If 改為Whether。
【解讀】whether引導賓語從句放在句首表示強調(diào)。注意whether與if 在作“是否”的意思講時,在下列情況下一般只能用whether,不用if:①whether引導主語從句在句首時;②賓語從句放在句首表示強調(diào)時;③引導表語從句時;④引導介詞賓語時;⑤后面緊跟著or not時。
【典例】We didnt know whether or not she was ready. 我們不知道她是否準備好了。
Whether he can come to the party on time depends on the traffic.
他能否準時參加派對得看交通情況。
The question is whether we can get in touch with her.問題是我們能否聯(lián)系上她。
Everything depends on whether we have enough money.一切取決于我們是否有足夠的錢。