鐘海秀
(1.黑龍江省科學(xué)院自然與生態(tài)研究所,黑龍江哈爾濱 150040;2.東北林業(yè)大學(xué)鹽堿地生物資源環(huán)境研究中心,黑龍江哈爾濱 150040)
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擬南芥蓮座葉芥子油苷組成和含量對缺硫脅迫的響應(yīng)
鐘海秀1,2
(1.黑龍江省科學(xué)院自然與生態(tài)研究所,黑龍江哈爾濱 150040;2.東北林業(yè)大學(xué)鹽堿地生物資源環(huán)境研究中心,黑龍江哈爾濱 150040)
摘要[目的]探討缺硫脅迫下擬南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)生長到12片蓮座葉時芥子油苷組成和含量的變化規(guī)律。[方法]以模式植物擬南芥為原材料,通過水培方法進行缺硫脅迫處理,采用高效液相色譜-質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用(HLPC-MS)法分析芥子油苷的組成和含量。[結(jié)果]缺硫脅迫處理48 h,擬南芥蓮座葉中檢測出7種脂肪族芥子油苷、4種吲哚族芥子油苷。缺硫脅迫對吲哚族芥子油苷含量影響不顯著,對脂肪族芥子油苷含量影響顯著。[結(jié)論]試驗結(jié)果為探索缺硫脅迫下芥子油苷的代謝途徑提供了理論依據(jù)。
關(guān)鍵詞缺硫脅迫;擬南芥;芥子油苷
Response of Glucosinolate Composition and Content inArabidopsisthalianaRosette Leaves to Sulphur Deficiency
ZHONG Hai-xiu1,2
(1. Institute of Natural Resources and Ecology, Heilongjiang Academy of Science, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040; 2. Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040)
Abstract[Objective] To discuss the change rule of glucosinolate composition and content under sulphur deficiency in rosette leaves ofArabidopsisthalianaduring the vegetative stage. [Method] TakingA.thalianaasas experimental materials, hydroponic method was used for sulfur deficiency treatment. Composition and content of glucosinolate were analyzed by HLPC-MS. [Result] Seven kinds of aliphatic glucosinolates and four kinds of indole glucosinolates were detected in rosette leaves ofA.thaliana. The content of indole glucosinolate was not significant correlated with sulphur deficiency, while content of aliphatic glucosinolate was significantly correlated with sulphur deficiency. [Conclusion] This research provides theoretical foundation for the metabolic pathways of glucosinolates under sulphur deficiency.
Key wordsSulphur deficiency;Arabidopsisthaliana; Glucosinolate
硫元素是植物生長發(fā)育必需的營養(yǎng)元素之一,研究表明植物體內(nèi)硫含量占干重的0.5%~1.5%[1-5]。硫元素在植物體內(nèi)主要以有機硫酸鹽的形式存在,并由植物直接從土壤中吸收運送到木質(zhì)部中。芥子油苷是存在于十字花科植物中營養(yǎng)成分較高的含硫次生代謝產(chǎn)物[6],不僅使這些植物具有不同的風(fēng)味,而且具有防御害蟲和病原體的作用和抗癌活性[7-9]。芥子油苷的含量可達到植物器官有機硫含量的10%~30%[10-12],因此,硫的供應(yīng)水平是影響芥子油苷積累的重要因素[13-14]。施硫?qū)孀佑蛙蘸康挠绊懯艿焦┝蛩健⒅参锓N類、植物器官和培養(yǎng)方式的影響[10-11,15-16]。Falk等[11]通過田間和溫室試驗,采用土壤、水培和組織培養(yǎng)基等栽培方式培養(yǎng)幼苗,結(jié)果表明增加硫的供應(yīng)水平使芥子油苷含量增加了25%甚至超過50倍。Aghajanzadeh等[17]研究表明缺硫脅迫處理7 d的芥菜型油菜(B.juncea)和白菜(B.rapa)幼苗和根中芥子油苷含量明顯下降。硫是合成芥子油苷的重要元素之一。硫的供應(yīng)必然影響擬南芥芥子油苷的含量,但迄今有關(guān)這方面的研究報道尚少[3,18]。為此,筆者通過溶液培養(yǎng)擬南芥試驗研究了蓮座葉芥子油苷組成和含量對缺硫脅迫的響應(yīng)規(guī)律,以期為芥子油苷的代謝研究提供理論依據(jù)。
1材料與方法
1.1材料試驗材料為哥倫比亞野生型擬南芥。
1.2方法
1.2.1植物材料處理。擬南芥種子使用70%乙醇消毒,低溫處理2~3 d后播種于蛭石中,置于自動控制溫室進行培養(yǎng),培養(yǎng)條件:人工光暗時間為15∶9 h,光量子通量密度約為150 μmol/(cm2·s),溫度為19~26 ℃,空氣相對濕度為50%~70%。在培養(yǎng)過程中每7 d澆一次1/4×Hoagland(pH = 5.8)營養(yǎng)液。擬南芥生長到6片蓮座葉時轉(zhuǎn)移到1/4×Hoagland(pH = 5.8)營養(yǎng)液的水培系統(tǒng)中,通氣并且每7 d更換一次培養(yǎng)液。
1.2.2缺硫脅迫處理。缺硫脅迫營養(yǎng)液的組成成分是在1/4×Hoagland營養(yǎng)液基礎(chǔ)上用MgCl2·6H2O代替相同摩爾數(shù)的MgSO4·7H2O。以1/4×Hoagland營養(yǎng)液為對照。擬南芥生長到12片蓮座葉時轉(zhuǎn)移到缺硫脅迫營養(yǎng)液中,處理48 h后,取擬南芥的蓮座葉樣品,測定芥子油苷的組成和含量。
1.2.3芥子油苷的提取與測定。按Petersen等[19]的方法提取芥子油苷,采用HPLC-MS法測定芥子油苷的組成及含量。
2結(jié)果與分析
2.1擬南芥蓮座葉芥子油苷的組成擬南芥營養(yǎng)生長到12片蓮座葉時,缺硫脅迫處理48 h后,蓮座葉中芥子油苷的組成有11種,其中7種脂肪族芥子油苷包括3-羥基丙基芥子油苷(3OHP)、3-甲基亞磺酰丙基芥子油苷(3MSOP)、4-甲基亞磺酰丁基芥子油苷(4MSOB)、5-甲基亞磺酰戊基芥子油苷(5MSOP)、6-甲基亞磺酰己基芥子油苷(6MSOH)、4-甲硫丁基芥子油苷(4MTB)和8-甲基亞磺酰辛基芥子油苷(8MSOO);4種吲哚族芥子油苷包括吲哚基-3-甲基芥子油苷(I3M)、1-甲氧吲哚基-3-甲基芥子油苷(1MTI3M)、4-甲氧吲哚基-3-甲基芥子油苷(4MTI3M)和4-羥基吲哚基-3-甲基芥子油苷(4OHI3M);未檢測到芳香族芥子油苷。苯甲基芥子油苷(Benzyl)為內(nèi)標(biāo)(圖1)。
注:3OHP.3-羥基丙基芥子油苷;3MSOP.3-甲基亞磺酰丙基芥子油苷;4MSOB.4-甲基亞磺酰丁基芥子油苷;4MTB.4-甲硫丁基芥子油苷;5MSOP.5-甲基亞磺酰戊基芥子油苷;6MSOH.6-甲基亞磺酰己基芥子油苷;4OHI3M.4-羥基吲哚基-3-甲基芥子油苷;Benzyl.苯甲基芥子油苷(內(nèi)標(biāo));I3M.吲哚基-3-甲基芥子油苷;8MSOO.8-甲基亞磺酰辛基芥子油苷;4MTI3M.4-甲氧吲哚基-3-甲基芥子油苷;1MTI3M.1-甲氧吲哚基-3-甲基芥子油苷。Note: 3OHP. 3-hydroxylpropylglucosinolate; 3MSOP. 3-methylsulphinylpropylglucosinolate; 4MSOB. 4-methylsulphinyl-butylglucosinolate; 4MTB. 4-methylthiobutylglucosinolate; 5MSOP. 5-methylsulphinylpentylglucosinolate; 6MSOH. 6-methylsulphinylhexylglucosinolate; 4OHI3M. 4-hydroxyindol-3-ylmethylglucosinolate; Benzyl. Benzylglucosinolate; I3M. Indol-3-ylmethylglucosinolate; 8MSOO. 8-methyl-sulphinyloctylglucosinolate; 4MTI3M. 4-methoxyindol-3-ylmethylglucosinolate; 1MTI3M. 1-methoxyindol-3-ylmethylglucosinolate.圖1 擬南芥蓮座葉芥子油苷的組成Fig.1 Glucosinolate composition of rosette leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana
2.2擬南芥蓮座葉芥子油苷含量對缺硫脅迫的響應(yīng)擬南芥蓮座葉中脂肪族芥子油苷占芥子油苷總量的75%以上,吲哚族芥子油苷所占比例較小。其中,4MSOB約占脂肪族芥子油苷總量的59%,在脂肪族芥子油苷中含量最高;吲哚族芥子油苷中含量最高的為I3M,占吲哚族芥子油苷總量的70%。含量相對較少的芥子油苷有3OHP、3MSOP、5MSOP、6MSOH、4OHI3M和8MSOO等(圖2)。
缺硫脅迫對擬南芥蓮座葉芥子油苷的組成無影響,檢測出11種芥子油苷,其中各種芥子油苷含量所占比例的總體趨勢也未改變。芥子油苷總量對缺硫脅迫的響應(yīng)顯著,其中脂肪族芥子油苷對缺硫脅迫的響應(yīng)顯著,而吲哚族芥子油苷總量對缺硫脅迫的響應(yīng)不顯著。脂肪族的3MSOP、4MSOB、5MSOP、6MSOH、8MSOO和吲哚族的1MTI3M芥子油苷含量變化較明顯,處理與對照間差異顯著,其中3MSOP、4MSOB、5MSOP、6MSOH、8MSOO等脂肪族芥子油苷在缺硫脅迫下含量降低,而吲哚族的1MTI3M在缺硫脅迫下含量增加。
3結(jié)論與討論
該研究表明,缺硫脅迫總體上降低了脂肪族芥子油苷和吲哚族芥子油苷含量,其中對吲哚族芥子油苷含量影響不顯著,而對脂肪族芥子油苷含量影響顯著。
缺硫脅迫影響芥子油苷的種類組成和含量[12]。芥子油苷的產(chǎn)生受供硫水平影響,有研究表明在缺硫脅迫條件下,芥子油苷分解酶-黑芥子酶編碼的基因表達上調(diào),其中吲哚族芥子油苷分解成生長素,同時芥子油苷合成的相應(yīng)基因受到抑制,芥子油苷含量下降[20-25],芥子油苷可以認(rèn)為是低硫條件下其他代謝過程的一個潛在硫源[11]。該研究的總體趨勢是缺硫脅迫降低了脂肪族芥子油苷和吲哚族芥子油苷含量,這與Hirai等[23]的研究結(jié)果一致。另有研究表明缺硫脅迫下油菜中芥子油苷含量也低于正常供硫水平[24,26]。
注:柱上不同字母表示不同處理間在0.05水平差異顯著。Note:Different letters indicated significant differences at 0.05 level among treatments.圖2 擬南芥蓮座葉芥子油苷含量對缺硫脅迫的響應(yīng)Fig.2 Response of glucosinolate content in Arabidopsis rosette leaves to sulphur deficiency
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中圖分類號Q 945.79
文獻標(biāo)識碼A
文章編號0517-6611(2016)06-001-03
收稿日期2016-02-16
作者簡介鐘海秀(1979- ),女,黑龍江同江人,副研究員,博士,從事植物生理生態(tài)學(xué)研究。
基金項目黑龍江省應(yīng)用技術(shù)研究與開發(fā)計劃項目(PS13H04)。