山東省威海市　蘇永蘭

名詞性從句中的兩種虛擬語氣

山東省威海市蘇永蘭

虛擬語氣是高中英語學(xué)習(xí)的一個(gè)重要內(nèi)容和教學(xué)難點(diǎn)，它會(huì)以不同的形式出現(xiàn)在我們的試卷中：語法填空、短文改錯(cuò)、翻譯以及閱讀文章等。筆者通過自己多年的教學(xué)實(shí)踐，對(duì)名詞性從句中的兩種虛擬語氣進(jìn)行了梳理和總結(jié)，希望能為同學(xué)們的學(xué)習(xí)提供一些幫助。

一、wish賓語從句中的虛擬語氣

wish賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣，表示與事實(shí)相反或不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。根據(jù)時(shí)間的不同，謂語動(dòng)詞的形式分為三種情況。

（一）表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望：did/were

1.I wish I were with my parents now.

我希望我現(xiàn)在跟父母在一起。

2.I wish I knew how to deal with such kind of thing.

真希望我知道該如何處理這種事情。

3.I wish the moon were shinning at the moment.

但愿此刻有月亮。

（二）表示將來的愿望：would/should/could/might do

1.I wish he would try again.

我希望他再試一次。

2.I wish I could be of some use.

我希望我能有點(diǎn)用處。

3.He wished she might do better next time.

他希望她下次能做得更好。

4.I wish very much you could manage to come over.

我非常希望你能設(shè)法來一下。

（三）對(duì)過去發(fā)生的事情表示遺憾或后悔時(shí)：had done或would/could have done

1.I wish you had come to our New Year's party.我真希望你來參加了我們的新年聚會(huì)。

2.Jean wishes that he had bought that house last spring.珍希望他去年春天買了那個(gè)房子。

3.I wish I could have slept longer this morning，but I had to get up and come to class.我多希望今早能多睡會(huì)，但是我得起床來上課。

二、名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣

（一）表示命令、要求、建議等的名詞性從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣“（should）do”的形式，其中的should可以省略，要記住這些常見的詞。

記憶口訣：一個(gè)堅(jiān)持：insist；兩個(gè)命令：order，command；三個(gè)決定：decide，determine，make up one's mind；四個(gè)建議：advise，suggest，propose，recommend；五個(gè)要求：ask，require，request，demand，desire

1.主語從句

（1）That you（should）apologize to your teacher is my suggestion.

你應(yīng)該向老師道歉，這是我的建議。

（2）It is demanded that the rules（should）be obeyed by everyone.

要求每個(gè)人都遵守這些規(guī)則。

2.賓語從句

（1）The young scientist decided that he（should）go on with his research.

這位年輕的科學(xué)家決定繼續(xù)他的研究。

（2）He proposed that the matter should be discussed at the next meeting.

他建議這個(gè)問題在下次會(huì)議上討論。

3.表語從句

（1）My request is that you（should）make an apology to your teacher.

我的要求是你要向老師道歉。

（2）The workers'request is that their wages（should）be raised by 10 percent.

工人們要求增加10%的工資。

4.同位語從句

（1）He gave us an order that we（should）start right now.

他命令我們立刻出發(fā)。

（2）The committee made a decision that no one should be admitted without a ticket.

委員會(huì)決定，無票者不得入場(chǎng)。

（二）另外一種主語從句：It is+形容詞+that從句：（should）do

這類常見的形容詞有：necessary，important，vital，impossible，possible，probable，strange，natural，advisable，desirable，essential，urgent

1.It is important that we（should）finish it on time.

我們要按時(shí)完成，這是很重要的。

2.It is strange that he should fall in love with such an ordinary-looking girl.

說來真怪，他竟然能愛上這么相貌平平的一個(gè)女孩。

三、練習(xí)

1.I wish that you_______（not have）such a bad headache because I'm sure that you would have enjoyed the concert.

2.I wish that I________（go）with you last night.I didn't go to the party，but I do wish I had been there.

3.I wish he_______（leave）since I have so much work to do tomorrow.

4.The examination instructions require that the students_______（not use） red pen.

5.It is advisable that one_______（make）no decision until the time is ripe.

答案1.hadn't had2.had gone3.would/should/could/might leave4.（should）not use 5.（should）make