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        沖刺Ⅱ卷拿高分 “活命”詞匯不丟分
        ——高考后期備考Ⅱ卷搶分策略之單詞篇

        2016-04-11 09:07:28新疆劉雪娟常玉國特級教師
        教學考試(高考英語) 2016年3期
        關(guān)鍵詞:活命書面副詞

        新疆 劉雪娟 常玉國 (特級教師)

        沖刺Ⅱ卷拿高分 “活命”詞匯不丟分
        ——高考后期備考Ⅱ卷搶分策略之單詞篇

        新疆 劉雪娟 常玉國 (特級教師)

        所謂“Ⅱ卷”,規(guī)范地說應是“第Ⅱ卷”,在全國卷中被稱為“第三部分英語知識運用”和“第四部分寫作”,包括我們熟知的“語法填空”“短文改錯”和“書面表達”三部分;滿分50分,占全卷分值的三分之一(在不計聽力成績的省份占比更大)。與Ⅰ卷的選擇題不同,本部分要求考生書面書寫完成,也被稱之為“主觀性試題”。Ⅱ卷其實并不是很難,雖然拿滿分不易,但拿高分應該是很有把握的。但是在歷年的高考實戰(zhàn)中和考前的備考演練中,考生卻常常拿不到一個理想的分數(shù)。

        究其原因,除了應對試題的具體能力要求沒有達到外,考生的基礎知識之基礎——基(活)本(命)單詞的準確拼寫也是一個需要全面清理和提升的重要方面,而這些“小小”的錯誤,很可能大大地拉低你全卷的“智商”呢!

        高考真題再現(xiàn),看看你能答對嗎?

        一、下列句子中各有一處錯誤,請找出并改正。

        【高考鏈接】1.(2015·全國新課標卷Ⅱ,短文改錯)Tony was scared and begun to cry.

        【高考鏈接】2.(2015·全國新課標卷Ⅱ,短文改錯)A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop.

        【高考鏈接】3.(2015·全國新課標卷Ⅱ,短文改錯)Dad and I were terrible worried.

        二、在下列句子的空白處填入所給單詞的正確形式。

        【高考鏈接】4.(2015·全國新課標卷Ⅱ,語法填空)In addition to their simple beauty,what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 63 (able) to “air condition”a house...

        【高考鏈接】5.(2015·全國新課標卷Ⅱ,語法填空)As 69 (nature) architects,the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.

        【高考鏈接】6.(2015·廣東卷,語法填空)Whilemaking great efforts to run away,she 21 (fall) over the hill and died.

        【高考鏈接】 7.(2015·全國新課標卷Ⅰ,短文改錯改編)_____(fortunate),with the development of industrialization,the environment has been polluted.

        【高考鏈接】 8.(2015·全國新課標卷Ⅱ,書面表達改編)I’d like to invite you to join us for a visit to the nearby nursing home next Saturday for the Double_____(nine) Festival.

        【高考鏈接】 9.(2015·全國新課標卷Ⅰ,書面表達改編)It carries articles______(write) by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries.

        三、在下列句子的空白處填入所給單詞的正確形式(雖然全國卷無此類型試題,但是書面表達中常常會用到這些單詞)。

        【高考鏈接】10.(2015·全國新課標卷Ⅰ,語法填空改編)Instead,I’d headed_____(直接) for Yangshuo.

        【高考鏈接】11.(2015·全國新課標卷Ⅰ,語法填空改編)And the town is fast becoming a______(受歡迎)weekend destination for people in Asia.

        【高考鏈接】12.(2015· 全國新課標卷Ⅰ,短文改錯改編)We must find ways to protect our_____(環(huán)境).

        看看上面題目的答案,你做對了多少呢?

        1. begun改為began。此處應用一般過去時,而begin的過去式是began。

        2. telling改為told。tell的過去式為told。

        3. terrible改為terribly。以-ble和-ple結(jié)尾的形容詞變副詞要去e加y。

        4. ability。形容詞able轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞形式比較特別。

        5. natural。名詞nature轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞形式比較特別。

        6. fell。fall為不規(guī)則動詞,其過去式為fell。

        7. Unfortunately。除了要加否定前綴外,以e結(jié)尾的形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換為副詞形式時一般要保留詞尾的e。

        8. Ninth。9的序數(shù)詞要去e加-th。另外,此處還要注意大寫!

        9. written。write為不規(guī)則動詞,其過去分詞很容易寫錯,而其-ing形式也常常被錯寫為writting。

        10. straight。此處應填副詞。straight既是形容詞也是副詞。

        11. popular。容易將詞尾錯寫成-er。

        12. environment。容易丟了第二個n。

        這僅僅是其中的一小部分,Ⅱ卷備考的沖刺目標應是在這些單詞的拼寫上不出問題!

        ??紗卧~歸納,助你一臂之力!

        下列內(nèi)容是根據(jù)近年“高考大綱詞匯表”和考生在Ⅱ卷備考中的易錯單詞整理出來的,這些單詞沒有給出漢語意思,看看你認識嗎?建議:對于不認識的單詞,應該盡快認熟、記準,因為這些詞可以說都是必須掌握單詞中的基本詞匯,也被稱之為Ⅱ卷備考的“活命詞匯”!

        一、容易寫錯的單詞

        1.容易錯寫詞尾的單詞

        (1)是ar不是er:grammar,vinegar,regular,popular,dollar,beggar,sugar,particular

        (2)是or不是er: professor,visitor,translator,director,editor,educator,actor,inventor,competitor

        2.容易顛倒字母順序的單詞(括號中為錯詞)

        destroy(destory),first(frist),F(xiàn)riday(Firday),friend(firend),receive(recieve),true(ture),amateur(amature)

        3.容易丟掉一個字母的單詞

        (1)容易丟掉字母n:government,environment,environmental

        (2)容易丟掉不發(fā)音的字母:Christmas,Wednesday

        (3)拼寫比較特別的單詞:committee,guarantee,dilemma,opportunity,bridegroom,spokesman,succeed,competition,F(xiàn)ebruary

        4.容易多一個字母的單詞(括號中為錯詞)

        develop(develope),habit(habbit),proud(pround),modern(mordern),until(untill),souvenir(souvenire),similar(similiar)

        5.詞形相近,詞義、詞性容易混淆的單詞

        quiet—quite,aboard—abroad,broad—board,adopt—adapt,alone—along,horse—house,except—expect,through—thorough,price—prize—praise,quality—quantity,it—it’s,sit—seat,everyday—every day,beside—besides,affect—effect,typewriter—typist,cook—cooker,physicist—physician,late—later—latter—lately,seize—size,sweet—sweat,till—until,sigh—sign,weather—whether,rise—raise,piece—peace,rough—tough,steel—steal—still,sometime—sometimes—some time—some times,wander—wonder,father—farther—feather,past—passed,diary—dairy,form—from,hard—hardly,metal—medal—mental,than—then,principle—principal,enable—unable,overcome—come over,altitude—attitude

        6.該雙寫卻沒有雙寫的單詞

        unforgettable,beginning,written,inferred,referred,occurred

        7.不該雙寫卻雙寫的單詞(括號中為錯詞)

        writing(writting),eaten(eatten),suffer(sufferred)

        8.必須去掉字母e的單詞

        unbelievable,valuable,argument,truly

        9.不能去掉字母e的單詞

        (un)changeable,(re)chargeable,hopeful,envelope

        10.兩個變化非常特別的單詞

        panic—panicked—panicking,picnic—picnicked—picnicking

        二、詞性轉(zhuǎn)化中,詞形容易出錯的單詞

        1.動詞變名詞比較特殊的單詞

        describe—description,explain—explanation,pronounce—pronunciation,permit—permission,conclude—conclusion,admit—admission,prepare—preparation,arrive—arrival,survive—survival—survivor

        2.名詞變形容詞比較特殊的單詞

        nature—natural,benefit—beneficial

        3.形容詞變名詞比較特殊的單詞

        curious—curiosity,able—ability,dangerous—danger,anxious—anxiety,broad—breadth,long—length,wide—width,deep—depth,responsible—responsibility

        4.形容詞變副詞不去e的單詞

        (un)fortunate—(un)fortunately,immediate—immediately,absolute—absolutely,rude—rudely,approximate—approximately,desperate—desperately,large—largely,accurate—accurately

        但true—truly!

        5.形容詞與副詞同形的單詞

        straight,fast,late,hard

        6.形容詞變副詞,去e加y的單詞(以-ble,-ple結(jié)尾的單詞,去e加y就好)

        simple—simply,(im)possible—(im)possibly,probable—probably,(un)comfortable—(un)comfortably

        7.基數(shù)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為序數(shù)詞比較特殊的單詞

        one—first,two—second,three—third,five—fifth,eight—eighth,nine—ninth,twelve—twelfth

        整數(shù)位的-ty要改為-tieth,如twenty—twentieth,sixty—sixtieth

        另外,注意這些數(shù)詞的變化:four—fourteen—forty,five—fifteen—fifty

        三、常見??嫉募硬煌穸ㄇ熬Y的單詞

        1. un-:unusual,unhappy,unnecessary,unexpected

        2. im-:impossible,impolite,immoral

        3. in-:incorrect,inconvenient,informal

        4. ir-:irregular,irrelevant

        5. ab-:abnormal

        6. dis-:disagree,disappear,dislike

        7. il-:illegal,illogical

        四、常見常考的名詞問題

        1.最??嫉?0個不可數(shù)名詞

        fun,information,progress,news,homework,housework,furniture,advice,baggage/luggage

        2.復數(shù)變化比較特別的幾組名詞

        (1)變詞尾f(fe)為v再加es的單詞

        “賊”(thief—thieves)的“妻子”(wife—wives)用“架子”(shelf—shelves)上的一把小“刀”(knife—knives)和“半”(half—halves)片“樹葉”(leaf—leaves)“親自”(self—selves)殺死了“狼”(wolf—wolves)的“生命”(life—lives)。

        (2)以o結(jié)尾加-es作復數(shù)的單詞

        他們在“龍卷風”(tornadoes)中吃“土豆”(potatoes)和“西紅柿”(tomatoes),真是“英雄”(heroes)啊!

        (3)單數(shù)變復數(shù),變化較特殊的單詞

        passer-by—passers-by,German—Germans

        五、代詞變化中比較特別的單詞

        I—me—my—mine—myself,he—him—his—his—himself,they—them—their—theirs—themselves,we—us—our—ours—ourselves

        六、高考詞匯表中所列出的不規(guī)則動詞有136個,但我們最容易寫錯、常用常考的不規(guī)則動詞(包括個別規(guī)則動詞)約有近40組(按出錯頻率排序,黑體部分為常常出錯的地方)

        ______漢意原形_過去式_過去分詞_-ing形式_______寫write __wrote __written __writing ______開始begin __began ___begun _beginning _______說say __said ___said __saying _______吃eat ___ate ___eaten __eating ____跑;跑步run ___ran ___run __running ______學習study _studied __studied _studying ______撒謊lie __lied ___lied ___lying _______躺lie ___lay ___lain ___lying ___產(chǎn)卵;放置lay __laid ___laid ___laying ______上升rise __rose ___risen ___rising ____教;教書____ __teach _taught __taught __teaching ___抓??;吸引___ __catch _caught __caught __catching _______去go __went ___gone ___going _______買buy _bought __bought __buying _______賣sell __sold ___sold __selling _____喝;飲drink __drank __drunk __drinking ____掉落;摔fall ___fell ___fallen __falling ____感覺;摸feel ___felt ____felt __feeling ___找到;發(fā)現(xiàn)____ __find _found ___found __finding ______建立found founded __founded _founding ______聽到hear _heard __heard __hearing ___保持;持續(xù)___ __keep __kept ___kept __keeping ____飛;放飛fly __flew ___flown ___flying ___付錢;支付pay __paid ___paid __paying ___告訴;講述___ ___tell __told ___told __telling ______鈴響ring __rang ___rung __ringing ___搜尋;探求___ __seek _sought __sought __seeking ______睡覺sleep __slept ___slept __sleeping擴散;傳播;蔓延__spread _spread __spread _spreading ____讀;閱讀read __read ___read __reading _______偷steal __stole ___stolen __stealing ____贏;獲勝win __won ___won __winning ____咬;叮咬bite ___bit ___bitten ___biting ___擊??;打敗____ __beat __beat __beaten __beating __騎(車,馬)__ __ride __rode __ridden ___riding ______游泳__swim _swam ___swum _swimming

        經(jīng)典題目變身,你的眼力如何呢?

        以上歸納出的這些“活命單詞”,是根據(jù)考生應試情況和平日備考訓練情況做的記載和統(tǒng)計,對大多數(shù)考生,特別是處于中等層面的考生是非常有用的。

        現(xiàn)在請你再試著解答下面幾組根據(jù)高考題目改編的試題。

        第一組:下列句子中各有一處錯誤,請找出并改正。

        1. We are growing wonderful tomato at no cost!

        2. First,when will the course start and how many class hours are there per week? Beside,I wish there would not be too many students in a class.

        3. When I was a child,I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there.

        第二組 :在下列句子的空白處填入所給單詞的正確形式。

        4. A few hours earlier,I’d been at home in Hong Kong,with_____(it) choking smog.

        5. We stood around him and watched_____(attentive). Then we started to have a try______(we).

        6. I’m______(write) to tell you my exciting plan for the summer holiday.

        7. In my free time,I will continue to take regular exercise,such as_____(swim),_____(run) and various ball games.

        8.______(possible) you drink too much or don’t know how to control your credit card use. When you face such an ______(possible) situation,don’t you want a quick fix and something to change_____(immediate)?

        9. A boy on a bike_____(catch ) my attention.

        第三組:在下列句子的空白處填入所給單詞的正確形式(書面表達中你能寫正確嗎)。

        10. The “Foreign Cultures”section in our newspaper is very______(受歡迎)among us students.

        11. If you are interested in it,let me know and I’ll send you more_____(信息).

        12. I will enjoy my work and get along well with my ______(同事),I will do a good job in whatever I do.

        13. I’d also like to know how much I have to pay for the course and______(是否)accommodation is included.

        【參考答案】1. tomato改為tomatoes 2. Beside改為Besides 3. think改為thought 4. its 5. attentively;ourselves 6. writing 7. swimming; running 8. Possibly; impossible;immediately 9. caught 10. popular 11. information 12. colleagues 13. whether

        本文所歸納的易錯單詞只是其中一部分,考生一定要做好自己的“易錯單詞庫”,及時補充,常翻???,確保在語法填空、短文改錯、書面表達這幾類題型上不犯常見單詞拼寫錯誤這樣的“低能”錯誤,確保Ⅱ卷成績能夠錦上添花!

        (作者單位:劉雪娟 新疆哈密石油高級中學;常玉國 新疆哈密地區(qū)第二中學)

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