建筑設(shè)計(jì)：跡·建筑事務(wù)所Architects:Trace Architecture Office

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巖景茶室，威海，山東，中國(guó)Rockview Tea House,Weihai,Shandong,China,2015

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：跡·建筑事務(wù)所
Architects:Trace Architecture Office

1　內(nèi)景/Interior view

2　手繪平面/Plan sketch

3　雪景/Exterior view in the snow

與巖石和樹(shù)木的對(duì)話

巖景茶室位于塔山公園，威海市區(qū)一處對(duì)公眾免費(fèi)開(kāi)放的自然景觀公園。1970-1980年代當(dāng)?shù)厝嗽谒缴祥_(kāi)山劈石留下幾處采石場(chǎng)，當(dāng)?shù)亟惺C子。政府?dāng)M將這些荒僻的場(chǎng)地改造為公園景觀節(jié)點(diǎn)，服務(wù)于市民。巖景茶室便位于其中一個(gè)石窩子中。

原本連續(xù)并被植被覆蓋的山坡因?yàn)椴墒诰虮磺邢?，形成如同斷崖式的巨大巖壁。蒼勁的巖壁，與周邊茂密的刺槐林一起，構(gòu)成場(chǎng)地中的獨(dú)特景觀，尤其是冬天雪后，如同一幅水墨畫(huà)卷，極富意境。在這樣一個(gè)場(chǎng)地里建一個(gè)建筑，我感覺(jué)最重要的就是保持場(chǎng)地那種所謂“荒”的感覺(jué)，“荒”實(shí)際上是自然賦予的一種原始而有意趣的意境，卻不是人工造景所能替代的。因此，建筑介入場(chǎng)地應(yīng)該非常地小心，盡可能不破壞這種意境。

建筑選位于場(chǎng)地內(nèi)地勢(shì)較為平坦的西南角，設(shè)計(jì)從平面開(kāi)始，折線形的建筑輪廓源于場(chǎng)地中的樹(shù)木以及巖石的自然形態(tài)，樹(shù)與巖石的位置自然地賦予了建筑的平面形態(tài)。在剖面上，建筑與場(chǎng)地形成半下沉的關(guān)系。設(shè)計(jì)利用場(chǎng)地高差搭建起聯(lián)系建筑屋面和場(chǎng)地的坡道，使屋面成為游客觀賞巖壁的觀景平臺(tái)。主要的室內(nèi)空間則隱藏在平臺(tái)之下，從場(chǎng)地下幾步轉(zhuǎn)折的臺(tái)階進(jìn)入。內(nèi)部空間由幾個(gè)石頭墻形成的體量界定，這6個(gè)體量隱藏了所有的結(jié)構(gòu)，使茶室成為完全由墻來(lái)界定的無(wú)柱空間，內(nèi)部也各有其用——服務(wù)臺(tái)、儲(chǔ)物間、衛(wèi)生間等，更重要的是，每一個(gè)石頭體量也是一個(gè)門(mén)室，當(dāng)推拉門(mén)扇打開(kāi)藏入門(mén)室后，室內(nèi)與室外的界限消失了，外面的巖壁成為進(jìn)入室內(nèi)的框景。而看不到門(mén)窗的建筑，還原為如同由幾塊巨型巖石與屋頂所塑造的洞穴空間，完全融入場(chǎng)地環(huán)境當(dāng)中，帶給人一種更加原始而強(qiáng)烈的感受。為避讓現(xiàn)狀樹(shù)而形成的兩個(gè)內(nèi)庭院穿插于內(nèi)部空間中，使樹(shù)木也成為引入建筑內(nèi)部的景，賦予內(nèi)外空間更多節(jié)奏性的轉(zhuǎn)換。

建筑從遠(yuǎn)處看，水平向延伸的屋頂平臺(tái)穿插于樹(shù)林的豎向線條中，因出挑形成的懸浮感使屋頂與場(chǎng)地產(chǎn)生一種若即若離的輕的意向，消解了材料本身的重，同時(shí)讓下面石墻變得隱蔽，弱化了建筑的體量感。

看似厚重的建筑實(shí)際采用的卻是鋼結(jié)構(gòu)，這是因?yàn)閳?chǎng)地本身運(yùn)輸困難，因此采用輕質(zhì)的和預(yù)制裝配的建造方式更符合場(chǎng)地條件。特殊設(shè)計(jì)的淺基礎(chǔ)也是為減少對(duì)樹(shù)木和場(chǎng)地的影響。建筑采用了銹蝕鋼板與石頭兩種主要材料，銹蝕鋼板的棕色與銹蝕的歲月感很好地呼應(yīng)了場(chǎng)地中經(jīng)過(guò)多年風(fēng)蝕的棕紅色巖壁。墻體的石頭則是在采石場(chǎng)就地取材，直接用場(chǎng)地清理和基礎(chǔ)開(kāi)挖出來(lái)的毛石來(lái)砌筑的，以一種自然不加修飾的狀態(tài)與場(chǎng)地對(duì)話。木質(zhì)門(mén)扇、自然面石板地面等材料也都是以自然質(zhì)感意圖使建筑融入到場(chǎng)地的自然環(huán)境中。（華黎，吳純?nèi)A 文）

4 推拉門(mén)扇可見(jiàn)/Windows visible

5 推拉門(mén)扇隱藏/Windows hidden in walls

6.7軸測(cè)圖/Axonometric drawings

8.9內(nèi)景/Interior views

Dialogue with Rocks and Trees

The Rockview Tea House is located at Tashan Park,a natural landscape park in Weihai that is open to the public for free.In the 1970s and 1980s,people quarried in Tashan Mountain and left several stone pits,which are called "Shiwozi" in the local area.The local government planned to transform these deserted places into parks to serve for the people.And the location of the project is in one of these stone pits.

Because of the quarrying,the originally continuous and plants-covered hillside is cut into a giant rock that forms a unique landscape at the site together with the surrounding locust forest,which is especially beautiful after winter snows when the landscape is like a delicate inkand-wash painting.To put up a building in such a place,I believe the most important thing is to reserve the sense of "desolation",which in fact is a primitive and charming state endowed by nature and so is impossible to be replaced by artificial works.Therefore,in order to retain this state to the maximum extent,the interference of construction should be managed with extreme care.

11　橫剖面/Cross section

The building is at the southwest corner of the site where the landform is relatively flat.Starting from plans,the outline of the building,which is in the form of broken lines,originated from the natural forms of trees and rocks at the place; the position of trees and rocks naturally decides the plan of the building.From the sectional view,the building is half sunk in the site.By using the elevation difference at the site,the design sets up a slope connecting the building roof with the site,through which the roof becomes a viewing deck for tourists to appreciate the rock.The main interior space is hidden under the deck that is accessible via several steps beneath.The interior space is defined by several volumes formed by stonewalls.All of the structural elements are hidden within these six volumes,turning the tea house into a pillar-free space with wall as the definitive factor that divides the space into different functions – service,storeroom,restroom,etc.More importantly,each stone volume is also a chamber.When the sliding doors and windows are opened and hidden into the chambers,the border between interior and exterior spaces disappears,and the rock outside becomes a framed view to the interior space.At the same time,with the doors and windows concealed,the building is reduced to a cave that is constituted by several giant rocks and a roof,making it completely integrated with the surrounding environment and bringing people a strong primitive feeling.In addition,two inner courtyards,which are designed to protect existing trees,interweave with the interior space,introducing trees into the interior view and providing more rhythms for the changes between interior and exterior spaces.

Seen from afar,the horizontally extending roof interweaves with the vertical lines of the woods.The sense of suspension generated from the rising structure creates an aloof "lightness" between the roof and the site,which alleviates the heaviness of the material used; meanwhile,the stonewall underneath is concealed,which weakens the massy sense of the building.

Heavy in appearance,the building in fact is constructed with steel; because it is difficult to transport heavy materials to the site,light and precast structures are more suitable for this project.The specially designed shallow base also reflects the intention of reducing the impact on the trees and surrounding environment.By using rusted steel plates and stones as the primary materials,a sense of time is created via the brown rust on the steel plates,which corresponds to the brownish red rock that has experienced years of wind erosion at the site.The wall stones were obtained from local quarries.These quarry stones from site cleaning and base excavation respond to the surrounding environment in a natural,undecorated way.Moreover,the choosing of materials such as wooden doors and stone pavements also stresses their natural quality,so as to integrate the building with the natural environment at the site.(Text by HUA Li,WU Chunhua)

12　入口/Entrance

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

業(yè)主/Client:威海市園林局/Weihai Municipal Bureau of Parks and Woods

項(xiàng)目功能/Project Program:茶室、觀景臺(tái)/Tea house,Observation deck

設(shè)計(jì)單位/Design:跡·建筑事務(wù)所/TAO

主持建筑師/Principal Architect:華黎/HUA Li

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design Team:華黎，姜楠，梁文宇，賴爾遜，白婷/HUA Li,JIANG Nan,LIANG Wenyu,LAI Erxun,BAI Ting

建設(shè)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Construction Team：吳純?nèi)A，劉福濤，李志超/ WU Chunhua,LIU Futao,LI Zhichao

照明顧問(wèn)/Lighting Consultant:遠(yuǎn)瞻照明/zdp

建筑面積/GFA:141m2

結(jié)構(gòu)體系/Structural System:鋼結(jié)構(gòu)/Steel structure

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Period:2012-2013

施工時(shí)間/Construction Period:2014-2015

攝影/Photos:華黎/HUA Li

13　屋頂平臺(tái)手繪圖/Sketch of observation deck

14　屋頂外景/Exterior view of observation deck