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弗盧希特哈文步行橋，阿姆斯特丹，荷蘭

Vluchthaven Footbridge,Amsterdam,Netherlands,2012

建筑設(shè)計(jì)和結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)：奈伊及合伙人事務(wù)所

Architects and Structural Engineers:Ney & Partners

弗盧希特哈文可移動(dòng)步行橋聯(lián)通了伊多克半島和韋斯特多克斯迪克，總長105m，同時(shí)提供了通往伊多克碼頭的通路。設(shè)計(jì)概念源自于一個(gè)折疊的塑形鐵板，橋面的靈感取自蒼鷺展翅飛翔時(shí)的姿態(tài)——這種美觀的形態(tài)同時(shí)保證了4m寬的甲板具備足夠的結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性。甲板兩側(cè)有一系列小孔洞，使步行橋具備了良好的治水性能。這些孔洞暗示著橋下的潺潺流水，也強(qiáng)化了行人和橋體的聯(lián)系。設(shè)計(jì)師還在這些開洞位置上巧妙設(shè)置了帶有燈光的欄桿。1000余根欄桿上安裝著LED樹脂燈箱，燈箱底端距離橋面15cm。

弗盧希特哈文步行橋作為一個(gè)構(gòu)筑物，因其優(yōu)雅和完整的形態(tài)和組合方式而出眾。與傳統(tǒng)功能理念不同，我們的概念是通過融合多種功能為一體來限制元素的層級(jí)化。因此，弗盧希特哈文步行橋是一體化設(shè)計(jì)的典范：橋面、橫向構(gòu)件、主梁和面板融為一體。整座橋可以被視為一件以流線型金屬板為原材料的雕塑品。

像蒼鷺飛翔的姿態(tài)一樣，整個(gè)金屬板圍繞一個(gè)軸輕微扭曲，成為橋梁的背脊。隨后橋梁的形態(tài)逐漸被具象化：每跨的重點(diǎn)剖面呈現(xiàn)內(nèi)凹的形狀，而橋墩支撐處則具有凸起的剖面形狀。這樣一來，設(shè)計(jì)在橋墩位置——也是最需要具有高度位置——滿足了建造高度的需求。

以上這些因素使得弗盧希特哈文橋具有了波浪的形態(tài)，雖然謙虛，但足以營造出有意義的視覺形象和韻律感。波浪造型是結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化的結(jié)果，暗示著下方靜靜流淌的河水。這種波浪感也在欄桿設(shè)計(jì)上有所體現(xiàn)。欄桿作為一系列豎向的元素隨著波浪流動(dòng)，排除了水平的元素，進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化了橋體的造型，呈現(xiàn)出平靜舒緩的節(jié)奏感。LED燈箱就被安裝在這些豎向欄桿上。

橋梁中可移動(dòng)的構(gòu)件被設(shè)計(jì)成整體的一部分。當(dāng)其閉合時(shí)，完全不會(huì)被人察覺。（張?jiān)Ｏ?譯）

The moveable Vluchthaven Footbridge will connect the IJdock peninsula with the Westerdoksdijk,over a length of 105m,while also providing access to the IJdock marina.The concept consists of a folded and shaped sheet of steel.The form of the deck is inspired by the elegant movement of a heron's wings during flight.This also gives the deck,with a width of 4m,its needed stiffness.The deck shape allows for better water management in regard to a series of openings on both sides of the bridge.Those perforations make a subtle reference to the water present underneath the bridge and enforce the relation between the passer-by and the bridge.The perforations also allow for subtle lighting to be integrated in the railing of the bridge.At a height of 15cm,LEDs are embedded in resin at the base of each of the +1.000 posts.

The design for the Vluchthaven Footbridge provides for an object that stands out for its graciousness and oneness.In a departure from classical engineering,our concept was to limit the hierarchy of the elements by merging several functions together into one whole.The Vluchthaven Footbridge is an example of integral design:the deck,cross members,main beam and the finishing are one.The bridge is conceived as a single curved and cut-out plate.

Inspired by the elegant movement of a heron's wings during flight,the plate is slightly torsed around its axis,representing the backbone of the bridge.As a result,the form of the bridge evolves:the crosssection at mid-span is concave while the opposite happens above the supports,with the cross-section convex.This way the necessary constructive height is achieved on supports,where most needed.

It gives the Vluchthaven Footbridge its wave shape,admittedly modest,but sufficient to provide a visual experience and rhythm.

The bridge's light wave shape,referring to the light waves on the IJ River,is structurally optimally used,and is continued in the design of the railing.This consists of a series of vertical elements following the wave.The absence of horizontal lines in the railing,additionally accentuates the shape of the bridge deck.This gives the entire bridge a calm and moderate rhythm.LED lights are embedded into the railing.

The mobile part of the bridge has been designed integrally with the bridge.While closed it is hardly visible.

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client:阿姆斯特丹市政府/City of Amsterdam

設(shè)計(jì)/Design Credits :Ney & Partners（建筑及結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)/ architecture & structural design）,Technisch Adviesbureau Sliedrecht B.V.（機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)/mechanical design）

總承建商/General Contractor:Van der Made B.V.

鋼結(jié)構(gòu)承包商/Steel Contractor:

Van der Zalm Metaalindustrie B.V.

機(jī)電部分承建商/Contractor Electromechanical Parts:

Copier B.V.

結(jié)構(gòu)/Structure:Folded and shaped sheet of steel,moveable footbridge

材料/Material:Bridge deck in steel S355 – pylons in precast concrete C50/60

長度/Length:105m

跨距/Span:18.9m（可移動(dòng)跨距/Span mobile part:11m）寬度/Width:4m

鋼結(jié)構(gòu)/Structural Steel:130t

造價(jià)/Cost:€1,800,000

建造時(shí)間/Construction Year:2012

攝影/Photos:Stijn Bollaert(fig.1,5,11,12),Ney & Partners(fig.8)

1 實(shí)景/Bridge view

2 飛鳥概念/Concept of flying birds

3 平面/Plan

4 橫剖面/Cross section

5　實(shí)景/Bridge view

6　立面（開啟時(shí)）/Elevation(open position)

7 欄桿剖面/Railing section

8 欄桿細(xì)部/Railing detail

9 詳圖/Detail drawing

10 立面（關(guān)閉時(shí)）/Elevation(close position)

評(píng)論

竇平平：弗盧希特哈文步行橋緊貼水面，如漂浮一般。它的形態(tài)模擬飛行中的蒼鷺翅膀和水波，達(dá)到了一種隱喻式的“輕”。為什么說是隱喻式的“輕”呢？因?yàn)檫@樣的“輕”更多是由遠(yuǎn)觀時(shí)感知得到，而并非在沉浸其中時(shí)體驗(yàn)得到。從橋上穿過，人們會(huì)體會(huì)到兩岸之間直線連接帶來的便捷，橋面與水岸無高差變化帶來的平滑，和橋面材料性能帶來的牢固感。扶手不設(shè)橫向桿件，于是縱柱間的空隙每每讓步行者有一種接近水面的觸感，而騎行者則會(huì)感受到欄桿陣列形成的波浪形態(tài)。高強(qiáng)度低維護(hù)的抗腐蝕鋼材橋身與周邊環(huán)境交相輝映，讓橋身更顯輕薄。

Comments

DOU Pingping:The Vluchthaven footbridge "floats" closely over the river.By mimicking the shape of a heron's wings during flight and water waves,the bridge achieves metaphoric lightness.It is metaphoric lightness in the sense that such lightness is to be perceived from a distance rather than to be immersed in and felt.When crossing the bridge,one enjoys the efficiency offered by direct connection,the smoothness created by minimal level difference between the bankside and the bridge,and the firmness created by the material performance of the decking.The railing that consists of only vertical balusters invites pedestrians to make tangible contact with the water through the gaps,whereas cyclists would sense the continuous weave of the whole.The high-strength,low-maintenance steel with anti-corrosion protection blends well with the surroundings and makes the bridge appear thinner than it is.

范路：弗盧希特哈文步行橋分量不輕但卻姿態(tài)輕盈?；炷翗蚨蘸驼w雕塑般的金屬橋身堅(jiān)實(shí)地坐落在水面上，毫不含糊地給橋上行人提供安全感。另一方面，橋身姿態(tài)翩若飛鴻，仿佛要脫離橋墩支撐。而波浪起伏狀的豎桿護(hù)欄，使行走橋上如凌波微步一般。最后，橋兩端方盒子大樓的厚重感，進(jìn)一步襯托了橋體的輕盈姿態(tài)。

FAN Lu:Vluchthaven Footbridge is of big shape but with lightsome posture.Concrete supports and the whole sculpted bridge deck stand firmly above the water,which make passers-by feel safe.Meanwhile,the shape of the bridge deck similar to the elegant movement of a heron's wings during flight provides us a feeling that the deck would fly away from the bridge supports.The light wave shape is used in railing design which makes passers-by feel like sliding over the water when walking on the bridge.Finally,the lightsome posture of the bridge is set off by the visual weight of box-like buildings on both ends of the bridge.