工程設(shè)計(jì)：莫里森·赫什菲爾德有限公司，懷利 & 諾里什巖體工程公司，麥克爾哈尼Engineers:Morrison Hershfield Ltd.,Wyllie & Norrish Rock Engineers,McElhanney

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卡普蘭諾懸崖步道，溫哥華，加拿大

Capilano Cliffwalk,Vancouver,Canada,2011

工程設(shè)計(jì)：莫里森·赫什菲爾德有限公司，懷利 & 諾里什巖體工程公司，麥克爾哈尼Engineers:Morrison Hershfield Ltd.,Wyllie & Norrish Rock Engineers,McElhanney

1　弧形步道/the curved cliffwalk

卡普蘭諾懸崖步道位于卡普蘭諾河谷。1889年，人們曾在河谷上建過一座長達(dá)136m的吊橋，該吊橋后又分別于1903年和1956年經(jīng)歷過兩次重建?？ㄆ仗m諾吊橋公園年均游客約為75萬人次。

新步道旨在為人們提供一條途徑，在確保不對雨林環(huán)境產(chǎn)生影響的同時(shí)，供人們探索位于卡普蘭諾河谷東坡那些尚未開發(fā)之地。橋體主結(jié)構(gòu)通過巖栓錨固在崖壁上，從而可減小對崖壁的影響，使接觸面積僅為11m2；借助水泥灌漿，巖栓被完全錨固進(jìn)巖體，錨桿全長510m。

在位于河谷上方90m 處的地方，一段213m長的步道在幾個(gè)錨固點(diǎn)的支撐下從花崗巖質(zhì)地的懸崖上出挑出去。步道由一個(gè)空中螺旋樓梯、8座橋、7段步梯和兩個(gè)玻璃平臺組成，從崖壁上懸挑出3m，以避免落石傷人。

步道的最高點(diǎn)距離其下方的卡普蘭諾河高達(dá)90m；在某些位置上，沿步道修建的平臺可為游人提供相對寬敞的空間，以供駐足休息。

一段30m長的弧形橋向外探出幾近8m，使森林景色一覽無余。該橋由3根縱向弧形鋼梁構(gòu)成，3根鋼梁在一端與9根纜繩相連，在一處相對較高的巖體上形成一個(gè)絕妙的鉤懸點(diǎn)。

其余的受力構(gòu)件大多為懸臂梁，懸于一套錨固在崖壁之上的抗拉帶上。供游人單向通過的木質(zhì)橋面寬0.5m，在距離橋面上方1.2m處，兩側(cè)均設(shè)有欄桿，欄桿之下是不銹鋼絲網(wǎng)。兩側(cè)欄桿相距0.8m。

由于施工限制，步道在設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)出于對人工搭建的客觀需要的考慮，使用了輕型和小型構(gòu)件；僅弧形橋 （以及某幾段直形橋體）是在被切分成6塊之后，動(dòng)用一部小型吊車實(shí)現(xiàn)了安裝。（路培 譯）

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

主持工程師/Engineer in Charge:K.LaRose

步道總長/Total Length:213m

步道寬/Width:0.5～0.8m

攝影/Photos:卡普蘭諾吊橋公園/Capilano Suspension Bridge Park

2　懸挑于崖壁上的步道/the cliffwalk cantilevered from the rock

3.4　卡普蘭諾吊橋/the Capilano suspension bridge

The Capilano Cliffwalk is located in the park along the Capilano River Canyon,where a famous 136-meter-long suspension bridge was built in 1889,and rebuilt two times,in 1903 and 1956,respectively.The park is visited by about 750,000 people annually.

The new footpath was intended to provide an access to some previously unexplored areas in the eastern face of the canyon,keeping a minimal impact on the rainforest environment.The structure was conceived to be supported by rock anchors,thus reducing its impact on foundation area to only 11m2:the rock bolts are anchored with cement grout over the full length of the bar with a total length of 510m.

As a result,a 213-meter-long walkway now juts from some anchor points in the granite cliff face about 90 metres above the river:it consists of a high spiral staircase,8 bridges,7 stairs and 2 glass floor platforms.It is mainly cantilevered from the rock face by 3m to avoid exposure to rock fall.

At its highest point,the Cliffwalk reaches 90m above the Capilano River; at several locations,some platforms provide larger areas along the walkway,in order to allow people to rest.

A 30m long curved bridge reaches out almost 8 m,offering a spectacular view over the forest:it is made from three curved longitudinal steel beams hanged on one side to 9 cables,converging to a unique hooking point on a higher rock.

The other support structures are mostly cantilever girders,suspended to a set of tension ties anchored in the cliff face.A 0.5-meter-wide timber deck with an upward opening hand rail and a stainless steel woven wire mesh railing allows a one-way single file pedestrian:the width between the handrails is 0.8m at a height of 1.2m above the deck.

Because of limited access to construction,the structure has been designed to be built by hand,using small and light components; only the curved bridge(plus some straight bridge segments)that was divided into six distinct segments required a small crane.

5 弧形步道近景/Close view,the curved cliffwalk

6 俯瞰弧形步道/Bird's-eye view,the curved cliffwalk

7 步道上的休息平臺/Platform on the cliffwalk

評論

俞孔堅(jiān)：這座高懸于半空的棧橋，是人類工程智慧與冒險(xiǎn)欲望的最完美的表達(dá)，它以把最靈敏的量尺，測量著每個(gè)躍躍欲試的挑戰(zhàn)者的心臟的健康性；它將向勇敢的探險(xiǎn)者提供現(xiàn)代人類從未有過的視覺和精神體驗(yàn)，喚起其猿猴時(shí)代的叢林記憶；同樣，它讓無數(shù)望而卻步者，在內(nèi)心留下永遠(yuǎn)的遺憾。它的有驚無險(xiǎn)，把走鋼絲的體驗(yàn)普及給了有探險(xiǎn)勇氣但不愿冒生命危險(xiǎn)的游客。該橋出自以習(xí)慣用機(jī)械修建大型基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)著稱的工程公司，實(shí)在難能可貴。它延伸了橋的狹義的定義，告訴人們，橋可以是溝通人類遠(yuǎn)古經(jīng)驗(yàn)和記憶與現(xiàn)實(shí)體驗(yàn)的聯(lián)系紐帶。

Comments

YU Kongjian:this trestle bridge,cantilevering into midair,is a perfect presentation of human wisdom of construction together with appetite for risk.For every challenger itch for a try,it is a most sensitive measurer for their heart health.This bridge offers the modern strong-hearted adventurers an unprecedented view and spirit experience,reminding of their jungle memories at an ape era and meanwhile leaves most of the people stepping back with everlasting regret.With a more thrilling than dangerous design,it makes the wire walking experience pervasive among majority of visitors who are courageous adventure lovers but worried about their life safety.What is much more valuable is that the bridge builder is known and advantageous for its use of machines to construct large infrastructures.Through expanding bridge's narrow definition,it shows that a bridge can be a link to connect ancient human experiences and memories with reality.

房木生：顯然，這是一個(gè)有大情懷的工程。自然中不缺乏令人窒息的美麗，缺的是發(fā)現(xiàn)美的眼睛和角度。為了讓更多的人能從鳥、獸的角度去體驗(yàn)自然的美感，設(shè)計(jì)師、工程師極盡折返騰挪之本事，為體驗(yàn)者提供了輕松地上樹梢、過懸崖、瞰河谷等非常的體驗(yàn)。而且，在幫助普通人獲得這些非常自然體驗(yàn)的同時(shí)，帶人們進(jìn)入的設(shè)施卻又在其自身的極簡、極輕中在自然面前“消失”，或至少?zèng)]有破壞自然乃至為自然增添了一種幾何的美麗，體現(xiàn)了設(shè)計(jì)師、工程師在表達(dá)情懷時(shí)的克制和高超水平。

FANG Musheng:Apparently,this is a piece of works full of great affections.Nature is never in short of breathtaking scenes,but it is eyes and perspectives of discovering them that are missing.In order to offer visitors a bird's and animal's eye views of natural splendor,designers and engineers spare no efforts onto twists and turns and spatial movement of the bridge,creating a fantastic experience of easy access over treetops and cliffs,as well as a full view of the river valleys.This bridge aids everyone to experience the nature quite sensibly,while masked the access as if disappeared to allow such a feeling to enter a simple and light bridge body,or at least not destroying the natural environments,or more adding a geometrical beauty to the nature,reflecting the restraint and high-level skill of the designers in expressing feelings.