郭克晴

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有一定的詞義，但不能獨(dú)立存在，它必須與動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語，表示說話者對(duì)某一行為或狀態(tài)的看法或態(tài)度。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。其考查點(diǎn)側(cè)重以下兩個(gè)方面：

一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法

1.can的基本用法

（1）表示具有某種能力，意為“能、會(huì)”。

【真題再現(xiàn)】（2015年重慶卷）It's surprising that Mr.Ma's little daughter____speak English so well.

A.must

B.can

C.mustn't

D.can't

【答案簡(jiǎn)析】句意為：令人吃驚的是，馬先生的小女兒英語說得這么好，故選B。

（2）表示許可，意為“可以”。在口語中常代替may。

【真題再現(xiàn)】（2015年孝感卷）-Dick，____I use your e-dictionary？

-Yes，sure.____you give it to David after you use it？

A.will；Would

B.may；Might

C.can；Could

D.shall；Should

【答案簡(jiǎn)析】由答語可知，第一空是請(qǐng)求對(duì)方許可，即“我能用你的電子詞典嗎？”，故填may或can。第二空由“Yes，sure.”可知，后面是提出請(qǐng)求，即“請(qǐng)你用完后把電子詞典給大衛(wèi)，好嗎？”，故填Could。正確答案是C。

（3） can的過去式是could。

【真題再現(xiàn)】（2015年佛山卷）Jenny finally got the job because she____speak English well.

A.might

B.must

C.could

【答案簡(jiǎn)析】根據(jù)“Jenny finally got the job”可知，原因是“她英語說得很好”。表示“過去的能力”用could，故選C。

（4）在口語中，含有could的一般疑問句常用于委婉地向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求或表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)，是一種有禮貌的表達(dá)方式。這時(shí)could不表示過去時(shí)態(tài)，回答時(shí)要用can或can't。

【真題再現(xiàn)】（2015年攀枝花卷）-____I trv on this sweater in the window'？

-____It is just on show.

A.Could；Yes，you can.

B. Can；Sorry，you couldn't.

C. Could；Sorry，you can't.

D.Can；Yes，you could.

【答案簡(jiǎn)析】“Could I…？”表示請(qǐng)求時(shí)，其回答要用can或can't，故先排除B、D兩項(xiàng)。再由“It is just on show.”可知第二空是否定回答，故選C。

2.may的基本用法

（1）用來征求對(duì)方意見或請(qǐng)求許可，意為“允許、可以”。此外，由于may的口語性比較強(qiáng)，因此答語較靈活，要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況作答。

【真題再現(xiàn)】（2015年長(zhǎng)沙卷）-____I use your dictionary？

-Of course.But please return it to me be-fore you leave.

A.Must

B.Need

C.May

【答案簡(jiǎn)析】根據(jù)“Of course.But please re-turn it to me before vou leave.”可知，問句是請(qǐng)求對(duì)方許可，故選C。

（2）表示請(qǐng)求時(shí)，若一般疑問句的主語是第一人稱，其否定回答用mustn't或can't，不用may not。

【真題再現(xiàn)】（2015年德陽卷）-May I go out to play now，mum？

-No，you____.You must make your bed first.

A.needn't

B.won't

C.can't

D.couldn't

【答案簡(jiǎn)析】由“You must make your bed first.”可知，媽媽說“不能”出去玩，故選C。

【注意】用于否定句時(shí)，may not意為“可能不”，不像cannot/can't（不可能）在語氣上那么有把握。試比較：

She may not know the answer.她可能不知道答案。

She can't know the answer.她不可能知道答案。

3.must的基本用法

（1）表示說話人的主觀意志，意為“必須、應(yīng)當(dāng)”。must無人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，其引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句的否定回答通常用needn't或don't have to，意為“不必”。

【真題再現(xiàn)】（2015年南通卷）-Must I dress up as the Monkey King？

-No，you____.You can choose whatever you like.

A.can't

B.mustn't

C.shouldn't

D.needn't

【答案簡(jiǎn)析】對(duì)must開頭的一般疑問句作否定回答時(shí)，用needn't或don't have to，故選D。

（2） must的否定形式是must not/mustn't，意為“不允許、一定不要”，表示禁止或告誡。

【真題再現(xiàn)】（2015年蘇州卷）-You____park herel Look at the sign； it says“No parking”.

-Sorry，I didn't notice that sign just now.

A.won't

B.needn't

C.mustn't

D.couldn't

【答案簡(jiǎn)析】由“Look at the sign；it says‘No parking，”可知，此處禁止停車，即“你不能在這里停車”，故選C。

（3） have to和must的區(qū)別。

have to主要強(qiáng)調(diào)因外界的客觀因素（如環(huán)境、習(xí)慣、突發(fā)狀況等）而要求某人“不得不、只好（做某事）”。它可用于多種時(shí)態(tài)（一般不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)），并且有人稱和數(shù)的變化。must表示說話入主觀認(rèn)為“應(yīng)該、必須”，沒有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。

【真題再現(xiàn)】（2015年菏澤卷）-How do you usually go to school？

-My school is far away.I____take the bus to school.

A.must

B.might

C.have to

【答案簡(jiǎn)析】“My school is far away.”是“我必須乘車上學(xué)”的客觀原因，故選C。

4.need的基本用法

need意為“必須”，用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，它沒有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，一般只用于疑問句或否定句中，其后接動(dòng)詞原形，其否定形式是needn't，疑問句是將need提到句首。

【真題再現(xiàn)】（2015年青島卷）You____return the book now.You can keep it until next week if you like.

A.have to

B.can't

C.mustn't

D.needn't

【答案簡(jiǎn)析】由“You can keep it until next week if you like.”可知，你現(xiàn)在“不必”歸還這本書，故選D。

【注意】（1）回答need引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句時(shí)，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn't。如：

-Need I go there，too？我也需要去那里嗎？

-Yes，you must/No，you needn't.是的，你必須去/不，你不必去。

（2）need還可用作及物動(dòng)詞，其后的賓語可以是名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、代詞。它與其他行為動(dòng)詞一樣，有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化，其否定式和疑問式要借助于助動(dòng)詞do或does。如：

We need some help.我們需要幫助。

The flower needs watering.這花需要澆水。

Does she need to come？她需要幫助嗎？

You don't need to write to him.你不必給他寫信了。

（3） need做及物動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，在一定情況下可以互換。如：

You needn't get up early.=You don't need to get up early.你不必早起。

Need you go so early？=Do you need to go so early？你需要走這么早嗎？

5.shall/should的基本用法

（1） shall用于第一、第三人稱疑問句，表示征求對(duì)方意見；用于第二、第三人稱肯定句或否定句，表示說話人給予對(duì)方的禁止、命令、警告、允諾或威脅等。

（2） should用來表示建議、責(zé)任、義務(wù)時(shí)，可譯為“應(yīng)該、應(yīng)當(dāng)”；也可用于表示驚訝、憂慮、贊嘆等不滿情緒（用在疑問句中）；還可用于委婉地陳述自己的意見。

【真題再現(xiàn)】（2014年金華卷）We____be more careful，or we will make the same mistake in the experiment.

A.might

B.can

C.may

D.should

【答案簡(jiǎn)析】由“…or we will make the same mistake in the experiment.”可知我們“應(yīng)該”更小心一點(diǎn)，故選D。

二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)的用法

1.must表示推測(cè)，只能用于肯定句，意思是“肯定、準(zhǔn)是、想必是”，語氣比較肯定。如果要表示“一定不、肯定不”的意思時(shí)，應(yīng)用can't。

【真題再現(xiàn)】（2015年廣安卷）-Lookl It____be David in the classroom.

-lt____be him.Because I saw him in the library a moment ago.

A.may；mustn't

B.must；can't

C.can；can't

D.mustn't；can

【答案簡(jiǎn)析】第一句意為：看！教室里的那個(gè)人肯定是David。故第一空用must，表示推測(cè)。由“Because I saw him in the library a mo-ment ago.”可知教室里的人“不可能“是大衛(wèi)，所以第二空用can't。故選B。

2.may和might表示推測(cè)，意思是“可能、也許”，語氣沒有must肯定。might不表示過去時(shí)態(tài)，只是語氣上比may更委婉，表示的可能性更小。

【真題再現(xiàn)】（2015年安徽卷）-Do you have any plans for this Sunday？

-I'm not sure.I____go to the countryside to see my grandmother.

A.can

B.must

C.may

D.need

【答案簡(jiǎn)析】由“I'm not sure.”可知我“或許”去鄉(xiāng)下看望我的奶奶，故選C。

【真題再現(xiàn)】（2015年萊蕪卷）Life is change-able.No one knows what____happen in the fu-ture.

A.should

B.need

C.have to

D.might

【答案簡(jiǎn)析】由“Life is changeable.”可知沒人知道將來“可能”會(huì)發(fā)生什么事情，故答案為D。

專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練：

從所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

1.-Would you like to go swimming with me this aftemoon？

-I'd love to.But I'm afraid I____.I havetoo much work to do.

A.can't

B.mustn't

C.needn't

D.may not

2.You____go and ask Meimei.She know the answer.

A.must；can

B.must；may

C.need；can

D.can；may

3.Susan's parents have bought a large house with a swimming pool.It____be very expensive.

A.must

B.can

C.mustn't

D.can't

4.-Mum，may I watch TV now？

-Sure，but you____help me with my housework first.

A.can

B.may

C.must

D.could

5.-It nearly took me an hour to walk here.

-Have a drink，then.You____be thirsty.

A.should

B.can

C.will

D.must

6.-Where is Jack，please？

-He____be in the reading room.

A.can

B.need

C.would

D.must

7.You____worry about me.It' s nothing serious.

A.can't

B.mustn't

C.needn't

D.won't

8.-I can't stop smoking，doctor.

-For your health，I think you________.

A.may

B.need

C.have to

D.can

9.-Could I look at your pictures？

-Yes，of course you____

A.could

B.can

C.will

D.might

10.-lt's nearly 6 p.m.，will you have supper here？

-Sorry，____.I have many things to do.

A.I mustn't

B.I can't

C.I needn't

D.I don't

11.There is someone knocking at the door，who____it be ？

A.can

B.may

C.must

D.need

12.-That must be a mistake.

-No，it____.I've done it many times.

A.may not be

B.needn't be

C.can't be

D.wouldn't be

13.-May I use your bike？

A.Yes，you must

B.No，you mustn't

C.No，you needn't

D.No，you may not

14.This kind of car____run very fast.It's new.

A.can

B.might

C.could

D.has to

15.Peter____come with us tonight，but he isn't very sure yet.____________.

A.must

B.may

C.can

D.will

16.-Could I borrow your pen？

-Yes，you____.

A.could

B.can

C.were able

D.may

17.-____we go now，Mike？

-Sure.Let's go.

A.Will

B.Shall

C.Do

D.Are

18.-I'm sorry I didn't win the race.

-Bad luck！Well，you____win every time.

A.can't

B.must

C.should

D.mustn't

19.-Do you have to leave now？

-Sorry，but I really____.

A.can't

B.must

C.have

D.should

20.Let's move the bags away，or therean accident.

A.maybe

B.may have

C.may be

D.will have

21.A computer____think for itself.It must be told what to do.

A.may not

B.can't

C.mustn't

D.couldn't

22.-Listen！Helen is singing in the room.

-It____be Helen.She has gone to Beijing.

A.can't

B.mustn't

C.may

D.should

23.-Must they clean the classroom now？

-No，they____

A.can't

B.needn't

C.don't

D.mustn't

24.The computer doesn't work.I'm afraid you____use it today.

A.may

B.can't

C.needn't

D.must

25.-I was told to be here before eight.

-Oh，you____I'm sorry for not telling you that we have changed the plan.

A.must

B.can't

C.may

D.needn't

26.-Shall I bring you the book？

-No，you____.I have read it already.

A.wouldn't

B.shouldn't

C.mustn't

D.needn't

27.-Will you go shopping together with us this Sunday，Jenny？

-Yes，____

A.I do

B.I'd like to

C.I'd love to do

D.I'm busy

28.-May I take this book out of the reading room？

-____.Please read it here.

A.Certainly

B.No，you needn't

C.No，you mustn't

D.Yes，you may

29.-May I go to play football now，Mum？

-OK.But you____be back before 5 o'clock.

A.can

B.must

C.may

D.need

30.-Can you go swimming with us this afternoon？

-Sorry，I can't.I____take care of my little sister at home because my mother is ill.

A.can

B.may

C.would

D.have to

31.____David____anything to drink？

A.Need；/

B.Needs；/

C.Does；need

D.Do；need

32.-Who is the man over there？Is it Mr.Li？

-No，it____be him.Mr.Li is much taller.

A.mustn't

B.may not

C.can't

D.needn't

33.Even the top students in our class can't work out this problem.So it____be very diffi-cult.

A.may

B.must

C.can

D.need

34.You'd better go and ask Mr.Yang.He____know how to search the Internet.

A.can

B.would

C.may

D.could

35.The boy said he had to speak English in class，but he____speak it after class.

A.could

B.didn't have to

C.might

D.shouldn't

Key：

1-5 ADACD

6-10 DCCBB

11-15 ACBAB

16-20 BBABC

21-25 BABBD

26-30 DBCBD

31-35 CCBCB