亚洲免费av电影一区二区三区,日韩爱爱视频,51精品视频一区二区三区,91视频爱爱,日韩欧美在线播放视频,中文字幕少妇AV,亚洲电影中文字幕,久久久久亚洲av成人网址,久久综合视频网站,国产在线不卡免费播放

        ?

        急性心肌梗死后新發(fā)心房顫動(dòng)的機(jī)制及風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)測(cè)的研究進(jìn)展

        2016-04-04 13:06:10駱家晨戴黎明綜述魏毅東審校
        實(shí)用心電學(xué)雜志 2016年4期
        關(guān)鍵詞:研究

        駱家晨 戴黎明 綜述 魏毅東 審校

        ?

        急性心肌梗死后新發(fā)心房顫動(dòng)的機(jī)制及風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)測(cè)的研究進(jìn)展

        駱家晨戴黎明 綜述魏毅東 審校

        急性心肌梗死后新發(fā)心房顫動(dòng)(new-onset atrial fibrillation,NOAF)是心肌梗死后常見(jiàn)的心律失常,其發(fā)病率為5%~23%。多項(xiàng)臨床研究已證實(shí)NOAF能顯著提高患者住院期間及出院后的長(zhǎng)期死亡率。本文就近年來(lái)關(guān)于急性心肌梗死后NOAF的發(fā)病機(jī)制及風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)測(cè)方法的文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行綜述。目前針對(duì)這類心律失常的治療仍缺乏足夠的循證醫(yī)學(xué)證據(jù),而這對(duì)NOAF的預(yù)防工作顯得尤為重要;其中了解其病理生理機(jī)制,掌握盡早識(shí)別這類心律失常高?;颊叩姆椒ǔ蔀轭A(yù)防工作的關(guān)鍵。

        急性心肌梗死;新發(fā)心房顫動(dòng);發(fā)病機(jī)制;預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值

        R540.41

        A

        2095-9354(2016)04-0298-05

        心房顫動(dòng)是最常見(jiàn)的心律失常之一,在急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,AMI)患者中比例為5%~23%[1]。此前的GUSTO-3研究[2]發(fā)現(xiàn),心肌梗死合并心房顫動(dòng)患者的30 d及1年死亡率顯著高于無(wú)心房顫動(dòng)的患者,并且根據(jù)二者發(fā)病的時(shí)間關(guān)系分為AMI前已經(jīng)存在的心房顫動(dòng)和AMI后的新發(fā)心房顫動(dòng)(new-onset atrial fibrillation,NOAF)亞組后進(jìn)行分析,結(jié)果同樣顯示二者均提高短期和長(zhǎng)期的心血管病事件發(fā)生率。盡管目前國(guó)內(nèi)外的指南[3-4]對(duì)心房顫動(dòng)合并急性冠脈綜合征的治療有明確的建議,但是對(duì)于AMI后的新發(fā)心房顫動(dòng)這一特殊類型的心房顫動(dòng),無(wú)論從診斷還是治療上均存在爭(zhēng)議。此外,目前已經(jīng)有多項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),對(duì)于這部分患者,無(wú)論其心房顫動(dòng)的類型是哪種[1,5-6]、是否伴隨臨床癥狀[7]以及持續(xù)時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)短[8-9],短期及長(zhǎng)期的主要心血管不良事件(MACE)發(fā)生率均顯著高于無(wú)NOAF者[2,10-15];同時(shí)也有研究[2]顯示,如果對(duì)這部分人群進(jìn)行早期有效的干預(yù),甚至是針對(duì)性的預(yù)防,有可能改善他們的預(yù)后情況。因此,認(rèn)識(shí)該病的發(fā)病機(jī)制,并根據(jù)患者早期的臨床、血生化及影像學(xué)檢查進(jìn)行NOAF發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的分層顯得尤為重要。本文回顧了近年來(lái)有關(guān)心肌梗死后NOAF的發(fā)病機(jī)制及風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)測(cè)因素的研究并綜述如下。

        1 AMI后新發(fā)心房顫動(dòng)的病理生理機(jī)制

        1.1心房缺血

        心房缺血甚至梗死時(shí),心房肌細(xì)胞表面多種離子通道蛋白表達(dá)的變化導(dǎo)致的電生理重構(gòu)為NOAF的發(fā)生提供了可能。Sinno等[16]在動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn),堵塞狗的冠狀動(dòng)脈心房支后,頻率依賴的心房顫動(dòng)持續(xù)時(shí)間較未缺血組明顯延長(zhǎng),且阻塞的時(shí)間越長(zhǎng),其心房顫動(dòng)的持續(xù)時(shí)間也越長(zhǎng),反映了心房缺血參與心房顫動(dòng)的維持機(jī)制。更深入的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),這與心肌缺血時(shí)局部心肌的傳導(dǎo)速度減慢相關(guān),隨著缺血時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),傳導(dǎo)阻滯的情況也越發(fā)嚴(yán)重。Jayachandran等[17]則從離子通道的角度進(jìn)一步解釋了心房缺血引發(fā)心房顫動(dòng)的內(nèi)在機(jī)制,他們發(fā)現(xiàn)心房缺血時(shí)心房Na+/H+交換子(NHE)的激活造成有效不應(yīng)期的縮短是誘發(fā)心房顫動(dòng)的電生理基礎(chǔ)之一,而在使用特異性的NHE抑制劑后,心房缺血對(duì)心房有效不應(yīng)期的影響則消失。此外,Alasady等[18]開(kāi)展的一項(xiàng)臨床研究同樣顯示,心房缺血是獨(dú)立于左心房容積指數(shù)、E/e′、PCI術(shù)后TIMI血流分級(jí)以及發(fā)病至PCI間隔時(shí)間等混雜因素的NOAF危險(xiǎn)因素(P=0.02)。

        1.2房?jī)?nèi)壓升高及心房牽張力的變化

        AMI患者由于心室收縮功能以及乳頭肌短暫或永久性的功能障礙,心室收縮末期容積增加、收縮期瓣膜返流量增多,促進(jìn)心房?jī)?nèi)壓升高、心房壁的張力增大,經(jīng)過(guò)一系列的電生理重構(gòu)后最終誘發(fā)心房顫動(dòng)。目前,臨床中廣泛應(yīng)用的多項(xiàng)反映左心室功能、左心房?jī)?nèi)壓力變化的參數(shù)多被認(rèn)為是AMI后NOAF的主要危險(xiǎn)因素,如左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)的下降[19]、N末端腦鈉肽原(NT-pro-BNP)的升高[20]、左心房?jī)?nèi)徑的增加[21]及二尖瓣返流[22]的出現(xiàn)等。與此同時(shí),近年來(lái)相關(guān)的基礎(chǔ)研究也有了進(jìn)展。Ravelli等[23]的一項(xiàng)動(dòng)物研究顯示,心房?jī)?nèi)壓力的升高將明顯提高心房顫動(dòng)的誘發(fā)率,這一過(guò)程主要依賴于房?jī)?nèi)壓升高時(shí)心房壁牽張力增加導(dǎo)致心房有效不應(yīng)期(atrial effective refractory period,AERP)明顯縮短。當(dāng)他們將房?jī)?nèi)壓逐步降低后的3 min內(nèi),AERP即可恢復(fù)至正常水平,心房顫動(dòng)也得以完全終止。更深入的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),心房的這種電生理變化與心房肌細(xì)胞表面牽張相關(guān)離子通道蛋白(SAC)在房?jī)?nèi)壓升高時(shí)表達(dá)增加有關(guān)。Bode等[24]在使用釓(Gd3+)抑制家兔心房肌細(xì)胞SAC后發(fā)現(xiàn),隨著Gd3+劑量的增加,誘發(fā)心房顫動(dòng)所需要的閾電位降低,提示心房?jī)?nèi)壓力升高引起心房肌牽張力的增加可以通過(guò)增加SAC的表達(dá)提高心房顫動(dòng)的易感性;此后,他們?cè)趹?yīng)用Tarantula peptide抑制SAC后也獲得了類似的結(jié)果,再次佐證了SAC抑制劑對(duì)降低心房?jī)?nèi)壓升高時(shí)心房顫動(dòng)易感性的作用,也進(jìn)一步證實(shí)SAC對(duì)心房牽張促進(jìn)心房顫動(dòng)發(fā)生的重要影響。

        1.3炎癥反應(yīng)的激活

        既往的研究已經(jīng)指出炎癥反應(yīng)與心房顫動(dòng)的關(guān)系,Psychari等[25]發(fā)現(xiàn)在心房顫動(dòng)患者中IL-6的水平明顯高于非心房顫動(dòng)者,因此AMI時(shí)伴隨著的全身炎癥反應(yīng)的激活也為心房顫動(dòng)的發(fā)生提供了條件。Yoshizaki等[26]的研究已經(jīng)證實(shí),AMI后NOAF患者體內(nèi)白細(xì)胞(WBC)及C反應(yīng)蛋白(CRP)水平顯著高于無(wú)NOAF的患者。他汀類藥物除了具備抑制膽固醇合成的作用外,其抗炎的作用也使其廣泛運(yùn)用于冠心病的二級(jí)預(yù)防中,Kulik等[27]對(duì)AMI或進(jìn)行過(guò)冠狀動(dòng)脈血運(yùn)重建的患者出院后30 d內(nèi)使用他汀類藥物的情況進(jìn)行回顧性分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)使用他汀類藥物的心?;颊逳OAF的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較未使用者下降了16%(HR=0.84,95%CI:0.76~0.9),從側(cè)面反映出炎癥反應(yīng)對(duì)AMI后NOAF發(fā)生的影響。

        2 AMI后新發(fā)心房顫動(dòng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)測(cè)因素

        AMI后NOAF對(duì)患者住院期間及長(zhǎng)期預(yù)后的不良影響使得早期發(fā)現(xiàn)、積極預(yù)防和控制NOAF的發(fā)生顯得尤為關(guān)鍵。目前人們已經(jīng)從患者的臨床特征,入院后的生化、電生理及影像學(xué)檢查等多個(gè)方面對(duì)預(yù)測(cè)AMI后NOAF展開(kāi)了研究。

        2.1臨床特征對(duì)AMI后NOAF的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值

        根據(jù)AMI患者入院時(shí)的癥狀、心肺聽(tīng)診及肺部平片結(jié)果評(píng)定的Killip分級(jí),作為有效的心功能評(píng)價(jià)方法廣泛應(yīng)用于臨床,但較高的Killip分級(jí)是否預(yù)示著更大的NOAF風(fēng)險(xiǎn)目前仍存在爭(zhēng)議。Guenancia等[28]指出Killip分級(jí)越高表明左心收縮功能的受損程度越重,通過(guò)增加心房?jī)?nèi)充盈壓而觸發(fā)心房顫動(dòng)。而在一個(gè)納入5項(xiàng)研究的Meta分析中,Zhang等[29]發(fā)現(xiàn)Killip分級(jí)>1級(jí)的AMI患者罹患NOAF的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是Killip分級(jí)為1級(jí)的2.29倍(OR=2.29,95%CI:1.96~2.67,P<0.001)。此外,肥胖也被認(rèn)為是預(yù)測(cè)AMI患者發(fā)生NOAF的因素之一。Guenancia等[28]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),肥胖(BMI≥30 kg/m2)的AMI患者NOAF風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較非肥胖患者高出128%(OR=2.28,95%CI:1.33~3.91,P=0.003),他們推測(cè)這種差異可能與心外膜脂肪細(xì)胞介導(dǎo)的炎癥反應(yīng)對(duì)心臟電生理結(jié)構(gòu)的影響密切相關(guān)。進(jìn)一步的分析顯示,肥胖僅對(duì)男性AMI患者NOAF產(chǎn)生影響(OR=2.51,95%CI:1.26~4.99,P=0.009);在女性患者中,肥胖并不與AMI后NOAF獨(dú)立相關(guān)。他們認(rèn)為男性肥胖患者較高的交感神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)活性可能是造成這一結(jié)果的原因[30]。

        2.2實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查對(duì)AMI后NOAF的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值

        如前文所述,全身炎癥反應(yīng)和心功能狀況是AMI后NOAF的潛在機(jī)制,因此目前的很多研究試圖通過(guò)患者血漿檢測(cè)得到的炎癥及心功能指標(biāo)預(yù)測(cè)NOAF的發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。Dorje等[31]的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),NT-pro-BNP是預(yù)測(cè)AMI后NOAF的重要指標(biāo),在他們的研究中共計(jì)發(fā)現(xiàn)4項(xiàng)預(yù)測(cè)NOAF的危險(xiǎn)因素,包括年齡(OR=1.127)、左心房擴(kuò)大(OR=1.152)、低eGFR(OR=0.979)和logNT-pro-BNP(OR=5.133),其中血漿NT-pro-BNP水平升高與NOAF的發(fā)生關(guān)系最為密切。此外,他們的研究還指出NT-pro-BNP≥796 pg/mL是預(yù)測(cè)AMI后NOAF的最佳閾值(敏感性和特異性分別為100%和53.4%);Asanin等[32]則指出腦鈉肽(BNP)是PCI術(shù)后STEMI患者發(fā)生NOAF的一項(xiàng)重要風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)測(cè)因素(OR=3.70,95%CI:1.40~9.77,P=0.008),并且BNP的最佳預(yù)測(cè)閾值為720 pg/mL。此外,Aronson等[33]的一項(xiàng)納入1 209名AMI患者的前瞻性研究顯示:C反應(yīng)蛋白(CRP)是預(yù)測(cè)住院期間NOAF的獨(dú)立風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素,同時(shí)在出院后1年的隨訪期間共有55名患者發(fā)生NOAF,并且隨著CRP水平的升高其發(fā)生心房顫動(dòng)的比例也增加(隨著CRP三分位水平的遞增,NOAF的比例分別為2.3%、5.1%和6.3%,P=0.006)。而在一篇納入6項(xiàng)有關(guān)CRP與AMI后NOAF關(guān)系的觀察性研究的Meta分析中,Ren等[34]發(fā)現(xiàn)CRP水平的升高與AMI后NOAF的發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)顯著相關(guān)(SMD=1.32,95%CI:1.01~1.30),進(jìn)一步佐證了CRP水平高低對(duì)預(yù)測(cè)AMI后NOAF的價(jià)值。

        2.3影像學(xué)檢查對(duì)AMI后NOAF的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值

        此前的研究表明,AMI后心臟功能及各心腔內(nèi)壓力變化(尤其是左右心房)是發(fā)生NOAF的潛在機(jī)制之一。與實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查相比,影像學(xué)檢查(心臟彩超、心臟MRI等)則通過(guò)準(zhǔn)確地獲取心臟各腔室的大小、壓力及血流動(dòng)力學(xué)狀態(tài)等參數(shù),更加直觀地評(píng)估心臟功能,為預(yù)測(cè)NOAF的發(fā)生提供相對(duì)準(zhǔn)確的依據(jù)。早年的一項(xiàng)納入62名AMI伴心功能不全(LVEF≤40%)患者的臨床研究顯示:舒張功能異常的AMI伴L(zhǎng)VEF≤40%的患者NOAF風(fēng)險(xiǎn)要顯著高于無(wú)舒張功能異常者(HR=5.30,95%CI:1.68~16.75,P=0.004 5)[34]。AMI后由于乳頭肌缺血常常導(dǎo)致一過(guò)性的二尖瓣關(guān)閉不全,進(jìn)而增加二尖瓣返流量,導(dǎo)致左心房房?jī)?nèi)壓升高、心房壁張力增加,促進(jìn)心房重構(gòu),最終誘發(fā)心房顫動(dòng)。Bahouth等[22]利用經(jīng)胸多普勒彩超檢測(cè)到功能性二尖瓣反流(FMR)是預(yù)測(cè)AMI后NOAF的重要參考因素;研究結(jié)果還顯示AMI后NOAF在無(wú)FMR、輕度FMR和中重度FMR三組間中的發(fā)生率分別為5.0%、11.2%和18.7%,且這種差異有顯著統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.001)。除了心房組織一過(guò)性的血流動(dòng)力學(xué)狀態(tài)改變以外,心電活動(dòng)的改變也是誘發(fā)心房顫動(dòng)的重要因素。Antoni等[36]發(fā)現(xiàn)利用經(jīng)胸多普勒超聲檢查獲得的反映心房?jī)?nèi)電傳導(dǎo)總時(shí)間的參數(shù)(PA-DTI duration,即從體表心電圖的P波起點(diǎn)到心房組織多普勒顯像所記錄到的A′波頂點(diǎn)的時(shí)間間隔)同樣能夠預(yù)測(cè)心肌梗死后NOAF的發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)(HR=1.04,95%CI:1.03~1.05,P<0.001)。

        2.4心電圖及電生理檢查對(duì)AMI后NOAF的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值

        作為目前確診NOAF最簡(jiǎn)單有效的手段,心電圖對(duì)NOAF的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值也備受重視。早年由Rosiak等[37]開(kāi)展的一項(xiàng)小樣本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),心電圖上P波的時(shí)限(P wave duration,PWD)>125 ms是預(yù)測(cè)NOAF的重要危險(xiǎn)因素之一(OR=6.2,95%CI:1.4~26.5),其敏感性和特異性分別為74%和77%。近年來(lái)一些新的研究進(jìn)一步佐證了心電圖及電生理檢查對(duì)預(yù)測(cè)AMI后NOAF的價(jià)值,例如2010年,van Diepen等[38]的一項(xiàng)納入630名AMI患者的巢式病例對(duì)照研究結(jié)果顯示,應(yīng)用“Liu minor criterion1”對(duì)患者入院心電圖P波形態(tài)(M型、W型、不規(guī)則型及切跡型)進(jìn)行分析,滿足以上心電圖標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的AMI患者是發(fā)生NOAF的高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)人群(調(diào)整OR=1.68,95%CI:1.03~2.73,P=0.038)。

        2.5目前已有的危險(xiǎn)分層系統(tǒng)及其效果

        CHADS2和CHA2DS2-VASc評(píng)分是目前指南推薦的進(jìn)行非瓣膜性心房顫動(dòng)患者腦卒中風(fēng)險(xiǎn)危險(xiǎn)分層的重要工具。對(duì)于評(píng)分超過(guò)1分者需要啟動(dòng)包括阿司匹林、華法林的抗栓治療;而對(duì)于≥2分者,除非有使用禁忌證,否則必須使用華法林抗凝治療[4]。Zhang等[39]則將CHADS2應(yīng)用于預(yù)測(cè)AMI后NOAF的可能性,他們的研究共納入1 035名AMI患者,其中心房顫動(dòng)組的CHADS2評(píng)分顯著高于非心房顫動(dòng)組[(2.17 ± 1.41)vs.(1.45 ± 1.24),P<0.001]。多元logistic回歸分析結(jié)果表明CHADS2評(píng)分是AMI后NOAF的獨(dú)立預(yù)測(cè)因子(OR=0.133 9,95%CI:1.002~1.789,P=0.048),同時(shí)隨著CHADS2分值的增加,NOAF的發(fā)生率逐漸升高[2.51%(CHADS20分)—7.46%(CHADS21~2分)—13.11%(CHADS2≥3分),P≤0.001]。

        3 小結(jié)

        隨著臨床工作中對(duì)AMI后NOAF高患病率及致死風(fēng)險(xiǎn)認(rèn)識(shí)的提升,以及對(duì)此類心房顫動(dòng)發(fā)生機(jī)制的探索,目前對(duì)于此類心律失常的預(yù)測(cè)研究已經(jīng)取得了不小的進(jìn)展。從前文中不難發(fā)現(xiàn),無(wú)論是患者的臨床特征還是實(shí)驗(yàn)室、影像學(xué)檢查,均可作為預(yù)測(cè)NOAF的重要參考。但是目前仍然僅有少數(shù)研究探討對(duì)尚未發(fā)生NOAF的AMI患者預(yù)防性的治療(包括抗心律失常藥物等)及其對(duì)患者預(yù)后情況的影響。因此,對(duì)于是否需要對(duì)可能發(fā)生NOAF的高危AMI患者實(shí)施早期預(yù)防性治療及其對(duì)患者預(yù)后的影響這一問(wèn)題,還有待進(jìn)一步的大規(guī)模臨床研究給出答案。

        [1] Podolecki T,Lenarczyk R,Kowalczyk J,et al. Effect of type of atrial fibrillation on prognosis in acute myocardial infarction treated invasively[J].Am J Cardiol,2012,109(12):1689-1693.

        [2] Wong CK,White HD,Wilcox RG,et al. Significance of atrial fibrillation during acute myocardial infarction, and its current management: insights from the GUSTO-3 trial[J].Card Electrophysiol Rev,2003,7(3):201-207.

        [3] 中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)心血管病學(xué)分會(huì),中華心血管病雜志編輯委員會(huì).急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死診斷和治療指南[J].中華心血管病雜志,2015,43(5):380-393.

        [4] January CT,Wann LS,Alpert JS,et al. 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2014,64(21):e1-e76.

        [5] Batra G,Svennblad B,Held C,et al. All types of atrial fibrillation in the setting of myocardial infarction are associated with impaired outcome[J].Heart,2016,102(12):926-933.

        [6] Karl-Heinz Kuck.經(jīng)體表和心內(nèi)膜標(biāo)測(cè)的轉(zhuǎn)子識(shí)別及其對(duì)房顫消融的影響[J].實(shí)用心電學(xué)雜志,2014,23(5): 305-318.

        [7] Stamboul K,Zeller M,F(xiàn)auchier L,et al. Incidence and prognostic significance of silent atrial fibrillation in acute myocardial infarction[J].Int J Cardiol,2014,174(3):611-617.

        [8] Wi J,Shin DH,Kim JS,et al. Transient new-onset atrial fibrillation is associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction[J].Circ J,2016,80(7):1615-1623.

        [9] Asanin M,Vasiljevic Z,Matic M,et al.Outcome of patients in relation to duration of new-onset atrial fibrillation following acute myocardial infarction[J].Cardiology,2007,107(3):197-202.

        [10] Angeli F,Reboldi G,Garofoli M,et al. Atrial fibrillation and mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a systematic overview and meta-analysis[J].Curr Cardiol Rep,2012,14(5):601-610.

        [11] Lubitz SA,Yin X,Rienstra M,et al. Long-term outcomes of secondary atrial fibrillation in the community: the Framingham Heart Study[J].Circulation,2015,131(19):1648-1655.

        [12] Jabre P,Roger VL,Murad MH,et al. Mortality associated with atrial fibrillation in patients with myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Circulation,2011,123(15):1587-1593.

        [13] Rene AG,Généreux P,Ezekowitz M,et al. Impact of atrial fibrillation in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (from the HORIZONS-AMI [harmonizing outcomes with revascularization and stents in acute myocardial infarction] trial)[J].Am J Cardiol,2014,113(2):236-242.

        [14] Bang CN,Gislason GH,Greve AM,et al.New-onset atrial fibrillation is associated with cardiovascular events leading to death in a first time myocardial infarction population of 89 703 patients with long-term follow-up: a nationwide study[J].J Am Heart Assoc,2014,3(1):e000382.

        [15] Jons C,Jacobsen UG,Joergensen RM,et al. The incidence and prognostic significance of new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients with acute myocardial infarction and left ventricular systolic dysfunction: a CARISMA substudy[J].Heart Rhythm,2011,8(3):342-348.

        [16] Sinno H,Derakhchan K,Libersan D,et al.Atrial ischemia promotes atrial fibrillation in dogs[J].Circulation,2003,107(14):1930-1936.

        [17] Jayachandran JV,Zipes DP,Weksler J,et al. Role of the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger in short-term atrial electrophysiological remodeling[J].Circulation,2000,101(15):1861-1866.

        [18] Alasady M,Abhayaratna WP,Leong DP,et al. Coronary artery disease affecting the atrial branches is an independent determinant of atrial fibrillation after myocardial infarction[J].Heart Rhythm,2011,8(7):955-960.

        [20] Parashar S,Kella D,Reid KJ,et al.New-onset atrial fibrillation after acute myocardial infarction and its relation to admission biomarkers (from the TRIUMPH registry)[J].Am J Cardiol,2013,112(9):1390-1395.

        [21] Galv?o Braga C,Ramos V,Vieira C,et al. New-onset atrial fibrillation during acute coronary syndromes:predictors and prognosis.[J].Rev Port Cardiol,2014,33(5):281-287.

        [22] Bahouth F,Mutlak D,F(xiàn)urman M,et al.Relationship of functional mitral regurgitation to new-onset atrial fibrillation in acute myocardial infarction[J].Heart,2010,96(9):683-688.

        [23] Ravelli F,Allessie M.Effects of atrial dilatation on refractory period and vulnerability to atrial fibrillation in the isolated Langendorff-perfused rabbit heart[J].Circulation,1997,96(5):1686-1695.

        [24] Bode F,Katchman A,Woosley RL,et al. Gadolinium decreases stretch-induced vulnerability to atrial fibrillation[J].Circulation,2000,101(18):2200-2205.

        [25] Psychari SN,Apostolou TS,Sinos L,et al. Relation of elevated C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 levels to left atrial size and duration of episodes in patients with atrial fibrillation[J].Am J Cardiol,2005,95(6):764-767.

        [26] Yoshizaki T,Umetani K,Ino Y,et al. Activated inflammation is related to the incidence of atrial fibrillation in patients with acute myocardial infarction[J].Intern Med,2012,51(12):1467-1471.

        [27] Kulik A,Singh JP,Levin R,et al. Association between statin use and the incidence of atrial fibrillation following hospitalization for coronary artery disease[J].Am J Cardiol,2010,105(12):1655-1660.

        [28] Guenancia C,Stamboul K,Garnier F,et al. Obesity and new-onset atrial fibrillation in acute myocardial infarction: a gender specific risk factor[J].Int J Cardiol,2014,176(3):1039-1041.

        [29] Zhang EY,Cui L,Li ZY,et al.High killips class as a predictor of new-onset atrial fibrillation following acute myocardial infarction: systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Chin Med J(Engl),2015,128(14):1964-1968.

        [30] Dart AM,Du XJ,Kingwell BA. Gender, sex hormones and autonomic nervous control of the cardiovascular system[J].Cardiovasc Res,2002,53(3):678-687.

        [31] Dorje T,Wang X,Shao M,et al.Plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels predict new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients with acute myocardial infarction[J].Int J Cardiol,2013,168(3):3135-3137.

        [32] Asanin M,Stankovic S,Mrdovic I,et al. B-type natriuretic peptide predicts new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention[J].Peptides,2012,35(1):74-77.

        [33] Aronson D,Boulos M,Suleiman A,et al. Relation of C-reactive protein and new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients with acute myocardial infarction[J].Am J Cardiol,2007,100(5):753-757.

        [34] Ren Y,Zeng RX,Li JJ,et al. Relation of C-reactive protein and new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients with acute myocardial infarction: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Int J Cardiol,2015,190:268-270.

        [35] Jons C,Joergensen RM,Hassager C,et al. Diastolic dysfunction predicts new-onset atrial fibrillation and cardiovascular events in patients with acute myocardial infarction and depressed left ventricular systolic function: a CARISMA substudy[J]. Eur J Echocardiogr,2010,11(7):602-607.

        [36] Antoni ML,Bertini M,Atary JZ,et al.Predictive value of total atrial conduction time estimated with tissue Doppler imaging for the development of new-onset atrial fibrillation after acute myocardial infarction[J].Am J Cardiol,2010,106(2):198-203.

        [37] Rosiak M,Ruta J,Bolińska H. Usefulness of prolonged P-wave duration on signal averaged ECG in predicting atrial fibrillation in acute myocardial infarction patients[J].Med Sci Monit,2003,9(8):Mt85-88.

        [38] van Diepen S,Siha H,F(xiàn)u Y,et al. Do baseline atrial electrocardiographic and infarction patterns predict new-onset atrial fibrillation after ST-elevation myocardial infarction? Insights from the assessment of pexelizumab in acute myocardial infarction trial[J].J Electrocardiol,2010,43(4):351-358.

        [39] Zhang X,Li G,Zhao Z,et al. The value of CHADS2 score in predicting new-onset atrial fibrillation in Chinese patients with acute myocardial infarction[J].Int J Cardiol,2014,176(3):1235-1237.

        New insight into the mechanisms of new-onset atrial fibrillation after acute myocardial infarction and methods for risk prediction

        Luo Jia-chen, Dai Li-ming, Wei Yi-dong

        (Department of Cardiology, the Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China)

        New-onset atrial fibrillation(NOAF) after acute myocardial infarction(AMI) is a kind of arrhythmia commonly seen after myocardial infarction, with an incidence rate ranging from 5% to 23%. It has been verified by several clinical research that NOAF can significantly increase the mortality during hospitalization of AMI patients or out-of-hospital long-term risk of death. This paper reviews the pathogenic mechanisms of NOAF after AMI and risk prediction methods in recent years. At present, there is still no enough evidence of evidence-based medicine for the treatment of this kind of arrhythmia, which is especially important for the prevention of NOAF. It is critical for its prevention to understand its pathophysiological mechanism and thus to master the method for identifying the high-risk patients as early as possible.

        acute myocardial infarction; new-onset atrial fibrillation; pathogenic mechanism; predictive value

        200072 上海,同濟(jì)大學(xué)附屬第十人民醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科

        駱家晨,同濟(jì)大學(xué)碩士研究生在讀,主要從事冠心病的臨床研究,E-mail:messichen@aliyun.com

        10.13308/j.issn.2095-9354.2016.04.019

        2016-07-19)(本文編輯:李政萍)

        猜你喜歡
        研究
        FMS與YBT相關(guān)性的實(shí)證研究
        2020年國(guó)內(nèi)翻譯研究述評(píng)
        遼代千人邑研究述論
        視錯(cuò)覺(jué)在平面設(shè)計(jì)中的應(yīng)用與研究
        科技傳播(2019年22期)2020-01-14 03:06:54
        關(guān)于遼朝“一國(guó)兩制”研究的回顧與思考
        EMA伺服控制系統(tǒng)研究
        基于聲、光、磁、觸摸多功能控制的研究
        電子制作(2018年11期)2018-08-04 03:26:04
        新版C-NCAP側(cè)面碰撞假人損傷研究
        關(guān)于反傾銷會(huì)計(jì)研究的思考
        焊接膜層脫落的攻關(guān)研究
        電子制作(2017年23期)2017-02-02 07:17:19
        精品中文字幕日本久久久| 精品亚洲成在人线av无码| 久久丫精品国产亚洲av| 国产乱妇无乱码大黄aa片| 全球av集中精品导航福利| 国产在线视频国产永久视频| 久久精品亚洲国产成人av| 自拍偷拍 视频一区二区| 免费a级毛片18以上观看精品| 日韩精品大片在线观看| 国产精品国产三级国产av主| 夜夜高潮夜夜爽免费观看| 久久精品日本不卡91| 人妻哺乳奶头奶水| 日韩A∨精品久久久久| 国产免费激情小视频在线观看| 久久精品日韩免费视频| 亚洲中文久久精品字幕| 国产成人精品123区免费视频| 国产免费专区| 一区二区三区少妇熟女高潮| 国产在线一区二区三区四区| 日韩人妻无码精品-专区| 国产精品大屁股1区二区三区| 久久精品一区二区三区夜夜| 成人激情视频在线手机观看| 国产一区二区三区中文在线| 99在线精品免费视频九九视| 久久久精品国产亚洲AV蜜| 中文字幕视频一区二区| 中国娇小与黑人巨大交| 99久久精品午夜一区二区| 欧美猛男军警gay自慰| 国产精品福利影院| 二区三区视频在线观看| 国产精品亚洲一区二区三区在线看 | 四虎成人精品无码永久在线 | 日韩av天堂一区二区| 亚洲人成色7777在线观看| 双乳被一左一右吃着动态图| 8090成人午夜精品无码|