□黎勁松

變一變，書(shū)面表達(dá)的句式更完美

□黎勁松

書(shū)面表達(dá)是各級(jí)各類(lèi)考試中必考題型之一。它主要考查同學(xué)們遣詞造句、連句成篇的能力。其中，造句的“顏值”直接影響著書(shū)面表達(dá)的得分。英語(yǔ)的句式講究變化，在一篇文章中，簡(jiǎn)單句、復(fù)雜句和其他特殊句式要交錯(cuò)運(yùn)用。單一、簡(jiǎn)單、重復(fù)是寫(xiě)作中的忌諱。因此，寫(xiě)作中要牢記一個(gè)字，那就是“變”。

變化一：There be句型變革

There be句型是初中英語(yǔ)的常用句型之一。在介紹某地有某物的時(shí)候，大家經(jīng)常用到它。但是如果連續(xù)采用there be句型，文章的句式就顯得單調(diào)。

1.改be動(dòng)詞為stand，live，lie等相應(yīng)的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞

【例1】There is a tree in front of the house.

→There stands a tree in front of the house.

【例2】There was a river ten years ago.

→There lay a river ten years ago.

2.用其他句式取代there be句型

【例3】There are some students on the p layground.

→Some students are on the playground.

變化二：借助連詞，結(jié)構(gòu)更嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)

連詞有連接詞、短語(yǔ)和句子的功能。恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用連詞，能使文章更有連貫性、邏輯性。

【例4】Tom is a ten-year-old boy.He loves English very much.

→Tom is a ten-year-old boy，and he loves English very much.

注意：原來(lái)是兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。變化后，兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句之間的句號(hào)變成了逗號(hào)，并加有連詞and。

【例5】I should do the work.You shouldn't do the work.

→I rather than you，should do the work.兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，通過(guò)連詞詞組rather than合二為一。

【例6】If you work hard，you will get good grades.

→Work hard，and you will get good grades.

原句是個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句，從句和主句都有主語(yǔ)you，改變后省掉了從句中的連詞if和主語(yǔ)you，在主句中增加了連詞and。

變化三：主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)，客觀又地道

漢語(yǔ)常用主動(dòng)句式，而英語(yǔ)更重視被動(dòng)句式。在書(shū)面表達(dá)中，多用被動(dòng)句式，既客觀，又體現(xiàn)了英語(yǔ)的風(fēng)味。

【例如7】We should take measures to protect the environment.

→Measures should be taken to protect the environment.

【例如8】We should pay attention to the traffic problems.

→Attention should be paid to the traffic problems.

變化四：簡(jiǎn)單句變復(fù)雜句，大氣且明了

漢語(yǔ)句式的特點(diǎn)像一根竹子，一節(jié)一節(jié)的；英語(yǔ)句式像一串葡萄，主干加分支。這一特點(diǎn)決定了英語(yǔ)句子在外形上有著大氣且邏輯性強(qiáng)的特點(diǎn)。

【例9】Tom bought a pen yesterday，but the pen doesn't work well.這是兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。前句中的pen和后句中的pen重復(fù)使用，可以把前句變成定語(yǔ)從句。

→The pen that Tom bought yesterday doesn't work well.

【例10】He was very careless，so he made some m istakes in the exam.

→He was so careless that he made some m istakes in the exam.

變化五：主語(yǔ)善變，顏值大增

除了名詞、代詞經(jīng)常做句子的主語(yǔ)外，更要注重動(dòng)名詞和it做形式主語(yǔ)的運(yùn)用。

【例11】He arrived late yesterday.The teacher was annoyed.

這兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，一因一果。原因可以簡(jiǎn)化為一個(gè)動(dòng)名詞，兩句合成一個(gè)句子。

→His arriving late yesterday annoyed the teacher.

也可以把原因變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)從句，用it做形式主語(yǔ)，把真正的主語(yǔ)放在后面。

→It annoyed the teacher that he arrived late yesterday.

變化六：倒裝句的使用，錦上添花

在初中英語(yǔ)九年級(jí)教材中有兩處使用到了倒裝句。

【例12】Only then will I have a chance to achieve my dream.（Unit 7）

本句中，因?yàn)榘裲nly then放在了句首，所以主句的助動(dòng)詞will移到了主語(yǔ)前。

【例13】Not only can the art bring happiness to others，but it also shows that even cold，hard iron can be brought back to life with a little creativity.（Unit 13）

本句中not only放在了句首，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can移到了主語(yǔ)前面。

變化七：妙用分詞，濃縮又精煉

【例14】The teacher came in.Two students followed him.

→The teacher came in，followed by two students.followed是過(guò)去分詞，表被動(dòng)。在本句中整個(gè)分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。

【例15】The girl went out of the room.The light was on.

→The girl went out of the room，leaving the light on.本句在改動(dòng)時(shí)，增加了一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞leaving，表示伴隨狀態(tài)。

【例16】When he talks about soccer，he is always excited.

→When talking about soccer，he is always excited.原句中從句和主句都有主語(yǔ)he，改動(dòng)后，省掉了從句中的he，并把從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞改成了現(xiàn)在分詞。

注意：分詞作狀語(yǔ)有兩種形式，現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)，過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)。

變化八：改頭換面，平淡顯神奇

【例17】Mary is very p leased and telephones her mother.

→Pleased，Mary telephone her mother.（以形容詞開(kāi)頭）

【例18】The child stayed there quietly.

→Quietly，the child stayed there.（以副詞開(kāi)頭）

【例19】He got up very early to catch the bus.

→To catch the bus，he got up very early.（以不定式開(kāi)頭）

【例20】He enjoys p laying games like other children.

→Like other children，he enjoys playing games.（以介詞短語(yǔ)開(kāi)頭）