One-step Examination of Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Combined with Coronary Artery Calcium Score in Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease
王建鋒1 WANG Jianfeng袁建偉2 YUAN Jianwei王躍濤1 WANG Yuetao周瑞玨3 ZHOU Ruijue楊 玲3 YANG Ling邵曉梁1 SHAO Xiaoliang陸培奇1 LU Peiqi
?
心肌灌注顯像聯(lián)合冠狀動脈鈣化積分一站式檢查對冠心病的診斷價值
One-step Examination of Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Combined with Coronary Artery Calcium Score in Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease
王建鋒1WANG Jianfeng
袁建偉2YUAN Jianwei
王躍濤1WANG Yuetao
周瑞玨3ZHOU Ruijue
楊玲3YANG Ling
邵曉梁1SHAO Xiaoliang
陸培奇1LU Peiqi
【摘要】目的 心肌灌注顯像(MPI)聯(lián)合冠狀動脈鈣化積分(CACS)一站式檢查可同時獲得冠狀動脈功能信息和解剖信息,本研究探討MPI聯(lián)合CACS一站式檢查對冠心病(CAD)的診斷價值。資料與方法回顧性分析行MPI聯(lián)合CACS一站式檢查及冠狀動脈造影(ICA)的188例可疑CAD患者,以ICA結(jié)果作為診斷 “金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”,分析MPI、CACS及兩者聯(lián)合對CAD的診斷效能。結(jié)果①188例疑似CAD患者中CAD驗前概率中度可能者150例(79.8%),高度可能者38例(20.2%)。ICA診斷為CAD 73例,非CAD 115例。②MPI診斷CAD的敏感度、特異度、準(zhǔn)確度、陽性預(yù)測值、陰性預(yù)測值分別為65.8%、75.7%、71.8%、63.1%、77.7%。③CAD組CACS明顯高于非CAD組[(494.96±99.60)分比(38.15±16.03)分,P<0.05]。根據(jù)受試者操作特征曲線,CACS診斷CAD的最佳界值為96.45分,以CACS≥96.45分作為診斷CAD的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),其診斷CAD的敏感度、特異度、準(zhǔn)確度、陽性預(yù)測值、陰性預(yù)測值分別為60.3%、93.9%、80.8%、86.3%、78.8%。④MPI聯(lián)合CACS診斷CAD的敏感度高于MPI(80.8%比65.8%,P<0.05),其特異度(71.3%比75.7%)和準(zhǔn)確度(75.0%比71.8%)差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);MPI聯(lián)合CACS診斷CAD的敏感度高于CACS(80.8%比60.3%,P<0.05),特異度低于CACS(71.3% 比93.9%,P<0.05),其診斷準(zhǔn)確度(75.0%比80.8%)差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論MPI聯(lián)合CACS一站式檢查可減少單用MPI或CACS對CAD的漏診,提高CAD的診斷敏感度,對CAD中度可能患者的診斷具有重要價值。
【關(guān)鍵詞】冠心??;體層攝影術(shù),發(fā)射型計算機,單光子;體層攝影術(shù),X線計算機;99m锝甲氧基異丁基異腈;心肌再灌注;鈣質(zhì)沉著癥;冠狀血管造影術(shù)
論著Original Research
作者單位
1. 常州市第一人民醫(yī)院核醫(yī)學(xué)科江蘇常州213003
2. 廣東藥學(xué)院附屬第一醫(yī)院核醫(yī)學(xué)科廣東廣州510080
3. 常州市第一人民醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科江蘇常州213003
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Changzhou First People's Hospital, Changzhou213003, China
Address Correspondence to: WANG Yuetao
E-mail: yuetao-w@163.com
江蘇省衛(wèi)生廳科技項目(H201349);廣東省科技計劃項目(2012B031800322);常州市科技支撐-社會發(fā)展項目
(CE20135063)。
R541.4;R445.6
修回日期:2015-11-18
中國醫(yī)學(xué)影像學(xué)雜志
他們性格迥然,愛好有別,但對市場、生存、競爭天生敏感,絕不含糊。他們能夠忍受:高強度工作、長時間壓力、不確定風(fēng)險。
2016年 第24卷1期:12-15,25
冠心病(coronary artery disease,CAD)是冠狀動脈病變導(dǎo)致心肌缺血、缺氧引起的心臟病,目前缺血性心臟病死亡率每年上升幅度已居各類心血管病死亡率首位[1],如何早期、準(zhǔn)確診斷CAD是目前關(guān)注的焦點。心肌灌注顯像(myocardial perfusion imaging,MPI)作為診斷CAD的一種無創(chuàng)功能影像檢查,能直接反映是否發(fā)生心肌缺血及心肌缺血的范圍、程度,但不能顯示冠狀動脈解剖形態(tài)學(xué)改變,其診斷CAD存在一定的假陽性和假陰性[2]。冠狀動脈鈣化積分(coronary artery calcium score,CACS)對發(fā)現(xiàn)冠狀動脈粥樣硬化、了解斑塊分布及診斷CAD有重要價值[3],但其無法評價冠狀動脈血流動力學(xué)變化,不能提供心肌細(xì)胞血流灌注等信息。MPI聯(lián)合CACS一站式檢查可同時獲得冠狀動脈功能信息和解剖信息,但目前國內(nèi)外關(guān)于MPI聯(lián)合CACS診斷CAD的研究較少,其應(yīng)用價值尚無定論。本研究探討MPI聯(lián)合CACS對CAD的診斷效能,探討其與單用MPI、CACS檢查相比是否具有增益價值。
1.1研究對象 回顧性分析2010年12月—2014年8月于常州市第一人民醫(yī)院和佛山市第一人民醫(yī)院因胸悶、胸痛就診并行MPI聯(lián)合CACS一站式檢查及冠狀動脈造影(ICA)的188例可疑CAD患者,其中男128例,女60例,平均年齡(60.02±9.20)歲。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①既往有明確心肌梗死病史;②冠狀動脈支架植入術(shù)后或冠狀動脈搭橋術(shù)后;③嚴(yán)重心律失常;④血漿肌鈣蛋白測試陽性;⑤年齡<18歲;⑥孕婦。參照Wolk等[4]的方法,根據(jù)年齡、性別及臨床癥狀對188例可疑CAD患者進(jìn)行CAD驗前概率風(fēng)險評估。
1.2儀器與方法 采用Siemens Symbia T16型SPECT/CT儀,顯像劑為99锝m-甲氧基異丁基異腈(99Tcm-MIBI),放化純>95%,注射劑量為740~1110 MBq。檢查前停用β受體阻滯劑、硝酸酯類等影響心率或擴張冠狀動脈的藥物。MPI采集條件:平行孔低能高分辨準(zhǔn)直器,矩陣128×128,放大倍數(shù)1.45,雙探頭成90°,各旋轉(zhuǎn)90°,共180°采集,6°/幀,每幀采集35 s,門控采集將每個心動周期分為8幀。采用Butterworth函數(shù)濾波反投影重建后,得到心臟短軸、水平長軸和垂直長軸圖像。CACS采用橫軸位平掃,采用回顧性心電門控技術(shù),在60%~80% R-R間期采集數(shù)據(jù)。掃描參數(shù):管電壓130 kV,電流100 mAs,層厚3 mm,掃描范圍約20 cm。
1.3圖像分析由2名以上核醫(yī)學(xué)醫(yī)師共同判讀同機MPI和CACS圖像結(jié)果。心肌放射性分布采用17節(jié)段法,MPI圖像上同一節(jié)段心肌連續(xù)2個或2個以上層面、2個軸向同時存在放射性分布稀疏或缺損為陽性,MPI表現(xiàn)為可逆性放射性分布減低或缺損、固定性放射性分布減低或缺損者分別診斷為心肌缺血、心肌梗死,均定義為CAD。
1.4CACS評分使用Agatston自動分析軟件,并將各支血管鈣化灶記分之和得出該血管鈣化總積分;冠狀動脈分支的觀察按解剖學(xué)定義分4大支:即左主干、左前降支、左回旋支和右冠狀動脈,其中對角支的鈣化歸入左前降支,鈍緣支的鈣化歸入左回旋支。采用受試者操作特征(ROC)曲線確定CACS診斷CAD的界值,MPI聯(lián)合CACS診斷CAD的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為兩者其一為陽性,兩者均為陰性則排除CAD。
1.5統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法采用SPSS 17.0軟件,計量資料比較用成組資料t檢驗,計數(shù)資料比較采用χ2檢驗;以ICA顯示冠狀動脈狹窄≥50%為診斷CAD的“金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”,依據(jù)ROC曲線獲得CACS診斷CAD的最佳界值,計算MPI聯(lián)合CACS與單用MPI和CACS診斷CAD的敏感度、特異度、準(zhǔn)確度、陽性預(yù)測值、陰性預(yù)測值,P<0.05表示差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2.1概率風(fēng)險評估188例患者中,CAD中度可能150例(79.8%),高度可能38例(20.2%)。以ICA顯示冠狀動脈狹窄程度≥50%作為診斷CAD的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),其中73例診斷為CAD,115例非CAD。
2.2MPI診斷CAD的效能188例患者中,MPI診斷CAD 76例,非CAD 112例,其診斷CAD的效能見表1、2。
表1 MPI、CACS及兩者聯(lián)合診斷CAD與ICA結(jié)果比較(例)
2.3CACS診斷CAD的效能CAD組CACS為(494.96± 99.60)分,明顯高于非CAD組的(38.15±16.03)分,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(t=4.528,P<0.05)。188例患者中,105例CACS=0分,83例CACS>0分。ROC曲線(圖1)顯示,當(dāng)CACS為96.45分時,其對CAD的診斷效能最高,曲線下面積為0.81。以CACS≥96.45分作為診斷CAD的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),其診斷CAD的效能見表2。
圖1 CACS診斷CAD的ROC曲線
表2 MPI、CACS與MPI聯(lián)合CACS對CAD的診斷效能比較(%)
2.4MPI聯(lián)合CACS與MPI、CACS對CAD的診斷效能比較MPI聯(lián)合CACS對CAD的診斷效能見表2。CACS可糾正MPI漏診CAD 11例(圖2),MPI聯(lián)合CACS診斷CAD的敏感度高于MPI,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(χ2=4.233,P<0.05);其診斷特異度和準(zhǔn)確度差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(χ2=0.558、0.490,P>0.05);陽性預(yù)測值及陰性預(yù)測值稍高于MPI,但差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(χ2=0.017、2.032,P>0.05)。
MPI可糾正CACS漏診CAD 15例,MPI聯(lián)合CACS診斷CAD的敏感度高于CACS,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(χ2=7.417,P<0.05);特異度低于CACS,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(χ2=20.458,P<0.05);準(zhǔn)確度差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(χ2=1.871,P>0.05);陰性預(yù)測值略高于CACS,但差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(χ2=1.626,P>0.05);陽性預(yù)測值低于CACS,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(χ2=7.986,P<0.05)。
MPI能直接反映心肌缺血的部位、范圍及程度,是診斷CAD的無創(chuàng)功能影像技術(shù)之一,但目前對MPI診斷CAD的敏感度和特異度尚存在爭議[5]。本研究中MPI診斷CAD的敏感度和特異度分別為65.8%、75.7%,與王榮福等[6]的研究結(jié)果相似。Underwood等[7]的Meta分析納入8964例患者,結(jié)果顯示MPI診斷CAD的敏感度為86%,特異度為74%,其敏感度明顯高于本研究結(jié)果,可能與本研究納入的人群多為CAD中度可能的患者有關(guān)。近年歐洲心臟病學(xué)會和美國心臟病學(xué)會指南[2,8]對于CAD中度可能的患者推薦行無創(chuàng)功能或影像檢查,而對于CAD高度可能的患者推薦行ICA,因此本研究可以較真實地反映目前可疑CAD患者進(jìn)行MPI檢查的狀況。
圖2 男,65歲,CAD,ICA提示LAD中段狹窄70%,RCA近中段狹窄50%。MPI示放射性攝取未見異常(A);CT示LAD、RCA、LCX均可見鈣化(箭,B~D);Agatston分析軟件示LAD、RCA、LCX的鈣化積分分別為190.3分、263.4分、0.1分,CACS為453.8分(E)。ICA:冠狀動脈造影;LAD:左前降支;RCA:右冠狀動脈;LCX:左回旋支
本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),MPI診斷CAD具有一定的價值,但仍存在較高的假陽性和假陰性。因此,針對CAD驗前概率為中度可能的患者,單純依靠MPI診斷CAD存在一定的局限性,尤其是當(dāng)冠狀動脈狹窄處于臨界病變(ICA顯示冠狀動脈狹窄50%~70%)時可能并未造成冠狀動脈血流動力學(xué)改變,此時MPI可能無明顯異常改變;而當(dāng)冠狀動脈彌漫性病變時,冠狀動脈供血區(qū)心肌血流灌注一致性減低,出現(xiàn)“均衡性缺血”也可能造成MPI診斷出現(xiàn)假陰性[9]。
CACS通過檢測冠狀動脈鈣化斑塊診斷CAD,CACS>0分代表有冠狀動脈粥樣硬化,但并不表明一定有阻塞性CAD(冠狀動脈狹窄>50%)[10]。Sun等[11]研究證實CAD組CACS高于非CAD組,與本研究結(jié)果一致,表明CACS可用于診斷CAD。Tota-Maharai等[12]報道CACS>0分診斷阻塞性CAD的敏感度和特異度分別為96%~100%、30%~58%,目前國內(nèi)外關(guān)于CACS診斷CAD的最佳界值尚無統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。美國心臟病學(xué)會推薦CACS≥100分為診斷CAD的界值,但以西方人數(shù)據(jù)為依據(jù)的CACS在CAD診斷和預(yù)后判斷中的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或界值是否適合所有種族人群一直存在爭議[13]。目前國內(nèi)尚無關(guān)于CACS診斷CAD最佳界值的報道。本研究依據(jù)ROC曲線獲得CACS診斷CAD的最佳界值為96.45分,其診斷CAD的敏感度及特異度分別為60.3%、93.9%,特異度較高,表明當(dāng)臨床可疑CAD患者CACS≥96.45分時應(yīng)高度警惕CAD的可能。但其敏感度較低可能是因為冠狀動脈粥樣硬化處于不同的病理階段,其斑塊組成成分不一,當(dāng)斑塊成分主要為脂質(zhì)或(和)纖維成分時,則檢測不出鈣化或CACS很低,而此時冠狀動脈狹窄程度可能≥50%[14]。
CAD的綜合診斷既要了解心肌血流灌注信息,也要了解冠狀動脈解剖學(xué)信息,單一影像檢查容易造成CAD的誤診和漏診[15]。MPI與CACS對CAD的診斷各有優(yōu)勢,也各有不足。Gaemperli等[16]報道MPI聯(lián)合異機CT所得的CACS對CAD的診斷效能高于單獨MPI或CACS,但由于是兩項檢查且費時繁瑣,使其臨床應(yīng)用受限。目前隨著SPECT/CT的廣泛應(yīng)用,MPI聯(lián)合CACS可同機完成。本研究應(yīng)用SPECT/CT完成MPI聯(lián)合CACS一站式檢查,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)MPI聯(lián)合CACS診斷CAD的敏感度均高于單用MPI和CACS,與單用MPI相比,MPI聯(lián)合CACS使CAD假陰性減少了11例,其診斷敏感度由65.8%提高到80.8%,表明通過CACS形態(tài)解剖學(xué)顯像減少了因臨界病變、3支病變等導(dǎo)致MPI對CAD的漏診,明顯提高了CAD的診斷敏感度。與單用CACS比較,MPI聯(lián)合CACS減少了15例假陰性,敏感度由60.3%提高至80.8%,通過血流動力學(xué)功能顯像減少了非鈣化性斑塊造成的CAD漏診,提高了CAD的診斷敏感度。此外,本研究中,MPI和CACS均陽性的29例患者最終均證實為CAD,表明兩項檢查均陽性的患者CAD可能性大。本研究中,MPI陽性者CACS明顯高于MPI陰性者,與文獻(xiàn)[17]報道一致,提示心肌缺血與CACS有一定的關(guān)系,隨著CACS的增加,CACS有可能成為引起MPI異常的重要因素。
總之,MPI診斷CAD有一定的價值,但對冠狀動脈臨界病變及3支病變存在假陰性;CACS診斷CAD最佳界值為96.45分,CACS≥96.45分時應(yīng)高度警惕CAD的可能;MPI聯(lián)合CACS一站式檢查可減少單獨MPI或CACS對CAD的漏診,對CAD中度可能患者的診斷篩查具有應(yīng)用價值。本研究因樣本量較少,未分析冠狀動脈各分支的鈣化積分與相應(yīng)病變血管血流異常的關(guān)系,有待后續(xù)進(jìn)一步研究證實。
參考文獻(xiàn)
[1]陳偉偉, 高潤霖, 劉力生, 等. 中國心血管病報告2013概要.中國循環(huán)雜志, 2014, 29(7): 487-491.
[2]Montalescot G, Sechtem U, Achenbach S, et al. 2013 ESC guidelines on the management of stable coronary artery disease: the Task Force of Cardiology. Eur Heart J, 2013, 34(38): 2949-3003.
[3]張源芳, 彭北楊, 張濱, 等. 多層螺旋CT冠脈鈣化積分診斷冠心病及風(fēng)險預(yù)測的臨床價值. 中國醫(yī)學(xué)影像學(xué)雜志, 2004, 12(5): 334-337.
[4]Wolk MJ, Bailey SR, Doherty JU, et al. ACCF/AHA/ ASE/ASNC/HFSA/HRS/SCAI/SCCT/SCMR/STS 2013 multimodality appropriate use criteria for the detection and risk assessment of stable ischemic heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Appropriate Use Criteria Task Force,American Heart Association, American Society of Echocardiography, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Heart Failure Society of America, Heart Rhythm Society, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2014, 63(4): 380-406.
[5]范中杰, 陳黎波, 李方, 等. 腺苷負(fù)荷試驗心肌核素顯像對冠心病診斷價值的評估. 中華內(nèi)科雜志, 2006, 45(2): 112-115.
[6]王榮福, 邱艷麗, 王立勤, 等.99Tcm-MIBI心肌灌注顯像診斷效能與安全性評價的回顧性研究. 中華核醫(yī)學(xué)與分子影像雜志, 2012, 32(6): 413-417.
[7]Underwood SR, Anagnostopoulos C, Cerqueira M, et al. Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy: the evidence. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2004, 31(2): 261-291.
[8]Fihn SD, Gardin JM, Abrams J, et al. 2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/ AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS Guideline for the diagnosis and management of patients with stable ischemic heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/ American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, and the American College of Physicians, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2012, 60(24): e44-e164.
[9]姚稚明, 王蒨, 田月琴, 等. ATP介入心肌灌注顯像診斷冠心病的多中心研究. 中華核醫(yī)學(xué)與分子影像雜志, 2014, 34(4): 292-295.
[10]Greenland P, Bonow RO, Brundage BH, et al. ACCF/
AHA 2007 clinical expert consensus document on coronary artery Calcium scoring by computed tomography in global cardiovascular risk assessment and in evaluation of patients with chest pain: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Clinical Expert Consensus Task Force (ACCF/ AHA Writing Committee to Update the 2000 Expert Consensus Document on Electron Beam Computed Tomography). J Am Coll Cardiol, 2007, 49(3): 378-402.
[11]Sun Z, Ng KH. Multislice CT angiography in cardiac imaging. Part II: clinical applications in coronary artery disease. Singapore Med J, 2010, 51(4): 282-289.
[12]Tota-Maharai R, Mcevov JW, Blaha MJ, et al. Utility of coronary artery calcium scoring in the evaluation of patients with chest pain. Crit Pathw Cardiol, 2012, 11(3): 99-106.
[13]von Ziegler F, Brendel M, Uebleis C, et al. SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging as an adjunct to coronary calcium score for the detection of hemodynamically significant coronary artery stenosis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord, 2012, 12: 116.
[14]Lee MS, Chun EJ, Kim KJ, et al. Asymptomatic subjects with zero coronary calcium score: coronary CT angiographic features of plaques in event-prone patients. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging, 2013, 29(1, SI): 29-36.
[15]van JM, Schuijf JD, Gaemperli O, et al. Incremental prognostic value of multislice computed tomography coronary angiography over coronary artery calcium scoring in patients with suspected coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J, 2009, 30(21): 2622-2629.
[16]Gaemperli O, Schepis T, Valenta I, et al. Cardiac image fusion from stand-alone SPECT and CT: clinical experience. J Nucl Med, 2007, 48(5): 696-703.
[17]Schepis T, Gaemperli O, Koepfli P, et al. Added value of coronary artery calcium score as an adjunct to gated SPECT for the evaluation of coronary artery disease in an intermediaterisk population. J Nucl Med, 2007, 48(9): 1424-1430.
(本文編輯張春輝)
Chinese Journal of Medical Imaging 2016 Volume 24(1): 12-15, 25
【Abstract】Purpose The one-step examination of myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) combined with coronary artery calcium score (CACS) can obtain both coronary functional information and anatomical information simultaneously, this paper aims to evaluate the value of the one-step examination of MPI combined with CACS for detecting coronary artery disease (CAD).Materials and Methods 188 cases who underwent onestep examination of MPI combined with CACS and invasive coronary angiography (ICA) because of chest tightness, chest pain with suspected coronary artery disease were analyzed retrospectively, with the results of ICA used as "gold standard", the diagnostic efficacy of MPI, CACS and one-step examination with combination of the two techniques for CAD was investigated.Results ① Pre-test probability of CAD was intermediate in 79.8% (150/188), and high in 20.2% (38/188) cases. Seventy-three cases were confirmed as CAD and 115 of 188 patients were negative according to ICA.②The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for the diagnosis of CAD by MPI were 65.8%, 75.7%, 71.8%, 63.1% and 77.7%, respectively.③The CACS of CAD group was significantly higher than the non-CAD group (494.96±99.60 vs. 38.15±16.03, P<0.05). According to the features of the ROC curve, the best threshold for the diagnosis of CAD with CACS was 96.45, with CACS ≥96.45 as the positive standard in diagnosis of CAD, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV for the diagnosis of CAD by CACS were 60.3%, 93.9%, 80.8%, 86.3% and 78.8%, respectively.④The sensitivity of MPI combined with CACS were significantly higher than MPI (80.8% vs. 65.8%, P<0.05), while the specificity (71.3% vs.75.7%, P>0.05) and accuracy (75.0% vs. 71.8%, P>0.05) showed no statistically significant difference; the sensitivity of MPI combined with CACS were significantly higher than CACS (80.8% vs. 60.3%, P<0.05), while the specificity was lower than CACS (71.3% vs. 93.9%, P<0.05) and the accuracy showed no statistically significant difference (75.0% vs. 80.8%, P>0.05).Conclusion The one-step examination of MPI combined with CACS can reduce coronary heart disease misdiagnosis, improve the diagnostic sensitivity of CAD compared with the MPI or CACS, with high application value for the diagnosis of CAD, especially in moderate risk groups.
【Key words】Coronary disease; Tomography, emission-computed, single-photon; Tomography, X-ray computed; Technetium Tc 99m sestamibi; Myocardial reperfusion; Calcinosis; Coronary angiography
收稿日期:2015-09-06
中圖分類號
基金項目
通訊作者王躍濤
Doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-5185.2016.01.004