許正元+何劍鋒
[摘要] 目的 探討唾液腺腺樣囊性癌(SACC)中Runx3的表達(dá)及與臨床病理因素的相關(guān)性。 方法 采用熒光定量RT-PCR檢測Runx3在6例SACC組織及正常唾液腺組織中的表達(dá)。免疫組化檢測58例SACC和正常唾液腺組織中Runx3蛋白的表達(dá)。采用SPSS17.0軟件包分析Runx3的表達(dá)程度與臨床病理因素之間的相關(guān)性。 結(jié)果 qRT-PCR的測量顯示唾液腺腺樣囊性癌中Runx3 mRNA表達(dá)明顯下調(diào)。免疫組化結(jié)果顯示,Runx3在SACC中的表達(dá)與病理類型(實(shí)體型)、T臨床分期及淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移顯著相關(guān),而與腫瘤遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移存在弱相關(guān)。 結(jié)論 Runx3表達(dá)下調(diào)與SACC發(fā)生發(fā)展相關(guān),可能是臨床診斷和治療SACC的重要生物標(biāo)志物。
[關(guān)鍵詞] Runx3;唾液腺;腺樣囊性癌;RT-PCR
[中圖分類號] R739.8 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] A [文章編號] 1673-9701(2015)25-0001-03
Expression and clinical significance of Runx3 in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma
XU Zhengyuan1 HE Jianfeng2
1.Department of Stomatology, Changxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Changxing 313100, China; 2.Department of Stomatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College in Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the correlation between the expression of Runx3 and the clinical pathologic factors in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC). Methods The fluorescent quantitation RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of Runx3 in 6 cases of SACC tissues and normal salivary gland tissues. The immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of Runx3 protein in 58 cases of SACC and normal salivary gland tissues. The SPSS 17.0 software package was used to analyze the correlation between the expression degree of Runx3 and the clinical pathological factors. Results The qRT-PCR measurement showed that the expression of Runx3 mRNA reduced significantly in SACC. The immunohistochemical results showed that the expression of Runx3 in SACC was significantly correlated to the pathological pattern(entity type), T clinical stage and lymph node metastasis, but was slightly correlated to the distant metastasis of tumors. Conclusion Runx3 expression downregulation is correlated to the occurrence and development of SACC, which can be an important biomarker for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of SACC.
[Key words] Runx3; Salivary gland; Adenoid cystic carcinoma; RT-PCR
人類Runt相關(guān)轉(zhuǎn)錄因子-3(runt related transcription factor 3,Runx3)位于人染色體1p36上,該基因或蛋白的表達(dá)缺失是多種惡性腫瘤發(fā)生和發(fā)展的內(nèi)在原因[1],也是腫瘤侵襲和遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移的重要調(diào)控因子[2-6],在腫瘤的早期發(fā)生中具有重要的調(diào)控作用[7,8]。唾液腺腺樣囊性癌(salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma,SACC)約占唾液腺上皮性腫瘤的10%,具有局部高侵襲性和易沿神經(jīng)侵犯的臨床特點(diǎn),并且容易侵犯血管,導(dǎo)致較高的遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移率。因此,探討Runx3在唾液腺腺樣囊性癌中的表達(dá)對判斷腫瘤發(fā)生和進(jìn)展及預(yù)后將有一定的參考作用。本實(shí)驗(yàn)中,我們通過分別運(yùn)用qRT-PCR和免疫組化測量涎腺腺樣囊性癌(SACC)和正常唾液腺組織中Runx3 mRNA和蛋白的表達(dá),并通過比較Runx3的表達(dá)水平與臨床因素和病理之間的相關(guān)性,從而探討Runx3在SACC中的臨床價(jià)值和診斷價(jià)值。
1 材料及方法
1.1 材料
選取2007年1月~2013年12月檔案庫中58例石蠟包埋的唾液腺腺樣囊性癌標(biāo)本,并根據(jù)WHO腺樣囊性癌診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)重新確認(rèn)病理結(jié)果(SACC組)。其中男40例,女18例;年齡25~83歲,平均51.5歲。選取6例配對-80℃保存的腺樣囊性癌組織和正常腺體組織進(jìn)行基因水平的檢測。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 RNA的提取和實(shí)時(shí)定量RT-PCR檢測 利用Trizol(Invitrogen)提取腺樣囊性癌和正常腺體組織中的總RNA,實(shí)時(shí)定量RT-PCR(qRT-PCR)按照TaKaRa的SYBR green試劑盒說明說進(jìn)行操作。Runx3及GAPDH引物由上海生工公司設(shè)計(jì)并生產(chǎn)。Runx3的上游引物為:5-CACTGGCGCTGCAACAAGA-3,Runx3的下游引物為:5-CACGAAGCGAAGGTCGTTGA-3。GAPDH的上游引物為:5-GAAGGTGAAGGTCGGAGTC-3,GAPDH的下游引物為:5-GAAGATGGTGATGGGATTTC-3。
1.2.2 免疫組織化學(xué)檢測 采用超敏S-P法染色,一抗為兔抗人Runx3多克隆抗體(Abcam,美國),抗兔二抗試劑盒購自福州邁新公司,按試劑盒說明書進(jìn)行免疫組織化學(xué)操作,石蠟組織切片經(jīng)過脫蠟、水化,3%過氧化氫室溫孵育10 min,0.01 M枸櫞酸鹽緩沖液高壓鍋抗原修復(fù),正常山羊血清封閉30 min,滴加1∶100抗人Runx3一抗,濕盒中4℃過夜,滴加生物素化二抗室溫30 min,DAB顯色,蘇木精復(fù)染,脫水、透明、封片,以細(xì)胞核或細(xì)胞漿內(nèi)的棕黃色顆粒為陽性染色結(jié)果。以Image-Pro Plus(version 5.1,美國)分析高倍鏡下(400×)陽性細(xì)胞數(shù),陽性細(xì)胞數(shù)<10%為低表達(dá)組,≥10%為Runx3高表達(dá)組。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS17.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析軟件,Runx3的表達(dá)水平與腫瘤的臨床病理因素相關(guān)性采用χ2檢驗(yàn),以單因素方差分析Runx3 mRNA表達(dá)水平在腫瘤和配對的正常組織中的差異,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 Runx3 mRNA在腺樣囊性癌和正常涎腺組織中的表達(dá)
RT-PCR檢測不同組織中Runx3 mRNA表達(dá)結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):腺樣囊性癌(T)中Runx3 mRNA的表達(dá)水平顯著低于配對的正常腺體組織(N),差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見圖1。
2.2 免疫組化檢測Runx3蛋白在腺樣囊性癌組織中亞細(xì)胞定位表達(dá)結(jié)果
免疫組織化學(xué)檢測Runx3蛋白的表達(dá)結(jié)果表明:在正常涎腺中,Runx3表達(dá)主要表達(dá)在導(dǎo)管上皮和腺泡細(xì)胞核中,而在SACC中,Runx3蛋白的表達(dá)水平顯著降低(圖2),其表達(dá)主要定位在腫瘤細(xì)胞細(xì)胞漿中,在細(xì)胞核中也存在表達(dá)。
2.3 Runx3表達(dá)水平與腺樣囊性癌的臨床病理因素的相關(guān)性
免疫組織化學(xué)檢測結(jié)果顯示:58例SACC組織中,Runx3高表達(dá)15例,Runx3低表達(dá)43例。58例腺樣囊性癌患者的臨床病理因素分析表明,Runx3低表達(dá)與實(shí)性型病理分型(P=0.025)、T分期(P=0.005)及淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移(P=0.040)顯著相關(guān),與遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移存在弱相關(guān)(P=0.054)顯著相關(guān),而與發(fā)病年齡及性別無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見表1。
3 討論
唾液腺腺樣囊性癌存在局部侵襲性強(qiáng)和高轉(zhuǎn)移等生物學(xué)特點(diǎn),為口腔頜面部腫瘤遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移率最高的惡性腫瘤之一,其浸潤、轉(zhuǎn)移機(jī)制是眾多學(xué)者的關(guān)注焦點(diǎn)。作為TGF-β/SMAD誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞凋亡通路中的一個重要下游調(diào)控因子,Runx3表達(dá)的下調(diào)甚或表達(dá)缺失與腫瘤的遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移存在一定聯(lián)系。而另一方面,當(dāng)腫瘤中恢復(fù)RUNX3的表達(dá)能顯著的抑制腫瘤細(xì)胞的遷移及侵襲能力[9]。Sakakura等[3]報(bào)道在存在腹膜轉(zhuǎn)移的胃癌中Runx3的表達(dá)沉默影響一些與轉(zhuǎn)移相關(guān),比如細(xì)胞黏附、增殖、凋亡相關(guān)的因子等重要的基因的表達(dá),并且促進(jìn)了胃癌的腹膜轉(zhuǎn)移。Peng等[5]通過動物實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了在結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞中恢復(fù)Runx3蛋白的表達(dá)能抑制結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞的遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移。本研究也發(fā)現(xiàn)Runx3低表達(dá)的腺樣囊性癌具有更強(qiáng)的侵襲性,并且具有更高的侵襲能力和遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),提示Runx3的表達(dá)下調(diào)是腺樣囊性癌高侵襲和遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移的一個風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素,這與其他一些學(xué)者的研究一致[10,11]。
在與臨床病理因素的相關(guān)性比較中發(fā)現(xiàn),Runx3的表達(dá)水平與腫瘤實(shí)體型病理類型顯著相關(guān)(P=0.025)。由于腺樣囊性癌實(shí)體型亞型具有更強(qiáng)的侵襲性[12],并且Runx3作為一個抑癌基因,在癌細(xì)胞的增值和分化中具有重要的調(diào)控作用[13-14],因此我們推測,Runx3蛋白在實(shí)體型腺樣囊性癌中的低表達(dá)在一定程度上說明Runx3與實(shí)體型腺樣囊性癌的高侵襲性存在密切聯(lián)系。另外,研究指出Runx3表達(dá)率低于10%對于肺腺癌患者是一個很強(qiáng)的預(yù)后指標(biāo)[15]。同時(shí),Runx3低表達(dá)或沉默能顯著地影響喉鱗癌患者的生存率[16],可以作為喉癌的預(yù)后分析因子[17]。有研究表明Runx3蛋白的表達(dá)降低與食管鱗癌對放療敏感性降低顯著相關(guān),并導(dǎo)致患者預(yù)后水平顯著下降[16]。由此,Runx3的表達(dá)可以作為腺樣囊性癌患者的預(yù)后因子,并且有可能作為一個基因靶向治療的目標(biāo)基因[18,19]。
綜上所述,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)在人正常唾液腺組織和腺樣囊性癌中都存在不同程度的Runx3蛋白表達(dá)。Runx3蛋白表達(dá)下調(diào)甚或表達(dá)抑制可能是唾液腺囊性癌發(fā)生的一個重要機(jī)制。Runx3的表達(dá)與腫瘤的病理類型、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移和遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移顯著相關(guān),可能是臨床診斷和治療SACC的重要生物標(biāo)志物。然而Lotem等[20]學(xué)者認(rèn)為Runx3并非作為一個抑癌基因在調(diào)控腫瘤的發(fā)生,而是在免疫及炎癥中發(fā)揮作用,從而間接調(diào)控腫瘤的發(fā)生。因此唾液腺腺樣囊性癌中Runx3蛋白表達(dá)下調(diào)的調(diào)控機(jī)制及相關(guān)功能還有待深入研究,涎腺的腫瘤發(fā)生和炎癥直接或許存在相關(guān)性。
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(收稿日期:2015-05-22)