Tibetan Buddhist Academic Degree System

Abstract:According to Lalou’s statement,this article firstly introduces the compilation course of her In?ventaire des manuscrits tibétains de Touen-houang conservés à la Bibliothèque Nationale(Fonds Pelliot-Tibétaine,nos 1-849/850-1282/1283-2216).It then analyses the features、academic values and defects of this catalogue based on the comparison of two British Catalogues of Dun-huang documents.

Key words:Marcel Lalou;Lalou’s catalogue;British Catalogues of Dunhuang documents.

Dan Qu,Yu Liping
(School of Ethnology,Xizang Minzu University,Xianyang,Shaanxi,712082;Institute of Tibetan Studies in Gansu,Xiahe,Gansu,747199)

Abstract:Since the spread of Buddhism in Tibet in 7th century,monastic education system and Tibetan Buddhist academic degree system has formed.The system promoted monks to study hard to meet the require?ments and grow into a master.However,it is very difficult to earn the degree.The paper discusses the setting of degree systems in different sects with an example of Labrang Monastery.

different sects of Tibet Buddhism,degree setting,Labrang Monastery,degree

From the Archival Documents to Research the Set Up or Change and Officials Appoint or Remove of Central Institution in Tibet during the Republican Period

Zhang Ziling
(Library,China Tibetology Research Centre,Beijing,100101)

Abstract:With the archives about Historical Documents Compiled Tibetan Local And Central Government Relations Since The Yuan Dynasty and part of the historical documents in Tibet and Tibetan Affairs Archival Doc?uments Collection In The Second Historical Archives of China,this paper briefly analyzes the set up or change and officials appoint or remove of central institution in Tibet during the Republican period.

Key words:Republican archives,institution in Tibet,set up or change,officials appoint or remove

The Role of Non-Public Economy in Border Trade between China’s Tibet and Counties in South Asia

Di Fangyao,Luo Haiyan,Zhao Zhixuan
(Institute of South Asia Studies,Xizang Minzu University,Xianyang,Shaanxi,712082;School of Finance, Xizang Minzu University,Xianyang,Shaanxi,712082)

Abstract:To achieve the aim of promoting the“border trade,tourism cooperation,and culture exchange”between Tibet and south Asian countries”in“Belt and Road strategy”,the non-public economy plays an very important part.The paper first discusses the role of non-public economy in border trade,and then analyses prob?lems and puts forward suggestions.

Key words:Tibet,South Asia,border trade,non-public economy

The Communication and Exchange of All Ethnic Groups in China and its Promotion in China

Zhang Dawei
(School of Education,Xizang Minzu University,Xianyang,Shaanxi,712082)

Abstract:“The Belt and Road Initiative”concept will greatly promote China’s ethnic exchanges.The eth?nic regions should firmly grasp the“The Belt and Road”strategic opportunity,make full use of geopolitical ad?vantages,enhance and broaden regional cooperation.Based on mutual respect,all ethnic regions should promote cultural exchanges,strengthen national unity,and improve the system to promote the national fusion with more and more communication.

Key words:belt and road,contact,communication,blend

Sino-India Transboundary Water Issue on the Background of“The Belt and Road”Initiative -taking news reports from India's mainstream English newspapers as an example

Ma Xiaoqing
(School of Foreign Languages,Xizang Minzu University,Xianyang,Shaanxi,712082)

Abstract:As a main invited country of the“the Belt and Road”initiative,India is of vital importance among China’s foreign relations.The differences in the understanding of transboundary water issue have become a hard nut for the two countries to crack in recent years.This paper has collected 31 news reports on this issue from India’s three mainstream English newspapers,so as to clarify their respective attitudes and finally give some potential cooperation framework.

Key words:transboundary water issue,“the Belt and Road”,India’s mainstream English newspaper

Effect Evaluation of Counterpart Assistance Provinces Capital Input for Xizang Tourism Economy Development

Tian Xiangli
(School of Management,Xizang Tourism Research Institute;Xizang Minzu University,Xianyang,712082)

Abstract:Since the third central Xizang work forum,counterpart assistance provinces in Xizang increase the intensity capital input to promote the rapid development of the tourism industry.Using statistical regression model,the study concluded that counterpart assistance provinces in Xizang capital input from 1994 to 2013 has significant promoting effect on the development of tourism,especially for the promotion of domestic tourism de?velopment,calculate the tourism effect and regional difference of the 17 counterpart assistance provinces'capi?tal input in Xizang from 2002 to 2013,and put forward policy recommendations to improve the effect of their counterpart assistance in Xizang Tourism.

Key words:counterpart assistance provinces in Xizang,capital input,tourism economy,effect evaluation

Small Pot Big Universe:Study on the Tibetan Traditional Diet Regime from the Tibet Stone Pot

Yang Ya,Zhou Yuhua
(School of Culture and Art,Shaanxi University of International Trade and Commerce,Xianyang,Shaanxi, 712046;School of Ethnology,Xizang Minzu University,Xianyang,Shaanxi,712082)

Abstract:The paper mainly discusses the traditional craftsmanship of Tibet stone pot and the health func?tions of the stone pot,and further explores the traditional diet regimen of Tibetan.

Key words:Tibet stone pot,craftsmanship,Tibetan,diet regimen

Selected Translation of British India and Tibet,1766-1910

Written by Alastair Lamb,translated by Deng Ruiling
(History Studies Institute,China Tibetology Research Centre,Beijing,100101)

Abstract:Based on original archives,the paper describes the events that British sent missions to Tibet and arouse attention form the local authority who arranged armies aroung Tulong moutain.the united army by Btrit?ain and India invaded Tibet and defeated local armies and forced the Qing government to sign the Sino-India convention about Tibet.Sikh's attatchment to China was finished and Yadong was fored to open as a border trade port.During the long period of negotiation,the Britain always regarded Tibet as a part of China,but occasionall tried to regard Tibet as an independent nation which should be carefully dealt with by readers.

Key words:western Tibet,Ladakh,Kashmir,Sikh,Leh agreement,border investigation

Files for Tibet F.O.535(1903－1908)from Foreign Office of UK(5)

Wang Yuanda
(College for Tibetan Studies,Minzu University of China,Beijing,100081)

Abstract:“Mission to Tibet”forced into Tibet and applied many excuses to make troubles for conversation. YounghusbandclaimedthattheQingcentralgovernmentandTibetlocalauthoritywereresponsiblefordelayingthe meeting,and suggested that the British government should occupy Chunpi valley to“march forward into Lhasa”and“destroymonks’power”than"onlyoccupyGyangzê".Healsosuggested“militaryaction”toachievethegoal.

Key words:British army,Chunpi,Gyangzê,Lhasa,military occupation

Dunhuang Manuscripts IOL TIB J 747 and its Translation

Chen Jian,Huang Weizhong
(School of Tibetan Studies,Minzu University of China,Beijing,100081;China Tibetology Press,Beijing,100101)

Abstract:Dunhuang Manuscripts IOL TIB J 747 is now the most clear and complete file.It consists of three parts:the first part is poetic prelude;the second part is in form of;the third part is prose.The paper analy?ses texts,transcripts,Chinese translation and explanation.The comparison between Chinese version and Tibetan version will be discussed in another paper.

Key words:Dunhuang Manuscripts,IOL TIB J 747,niaobo

A Journey to Tibetan and Nepal(4)

Written by Ouyang Wuwei,Compiled and proofread by Han Jingshan
(School of Philosophy and Religion,Minzu University of China,Beijing,100081)

Abstract:This chapter recorded the journey of Ouyang Wuwei from Sakya Tibet passing Dingri finally into territory of Nepal and the events along the journey.Such as the details of the battle in 1791 of the Qing Dynasty Emperor Qianlong,the mansion of imperial commissioner during the inspection tour in Tibet,the size of the cen?tral military institutions and facilities in Tibet,the site of Bongsudae bunker,the massive grain storage of Tibet military grain depot for the national defense needs,the incense of Guan Yu Temple built after the expulsion of Gorkha by the central army is still strong.All of these are very rare historical records.As the Gelug Sect of Tibet?an Buddhism monks,Ouyang Wuwei found that the actual rulers of Tibet are not the government official but the monastery during his hard journey.He also deeply distressed by the wrong policy pursued by Tibet government in the Republic of China.He also made detailed description of the situation and development of local customs and practices after he entered Nepal border.All of these factors make this cross border and continental plateau history and anthropology notes rare and precious.

Key words:Tibet during the period of Republic of China,Ouyang Wuwei,Tibetan,Nepal,Journey

An Investigation of Movie Releasing in Agricultural and Pastoral Areas in Tibet

Ze Yu,Zhou Yue
(School of Journalism,Xizang Minzu University,Xianyang,Shaanxi,712082;School of Sociology,Renmin University,Beijing,100872)

Abstract:The paper investigated movie releasing in 13 agricultural and pastoral counties in Tibet,and analyses the problems and put forward some suggestions.

Key words:Tibet,agricultural and pastoral areas,movie releasing,problems,suggestions

A Brief Introduction to Inventaire des manuscrits tibétains de Touen-houang conservés à la Bibliothèque Nationale

Niu Haiyang
(
School of Foreign Languages,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an,Shaanxi,710062)