張滿勝,英國(guó)劍橋大學(xué)英語(yǔ)碩士,新東方學(xué)校“新思維語(yǔ)法”培訓(xùn)創(chuàng)始人,著有《英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法新思維》系列圖書,對(duì)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法有深入的研究,突破傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)法教學(xué),提出了“語(yǔ)法即思維”的全新語(yǔ)法理念,揭開(kāi)了英語(yǔ)思維的深層秘密。他對(duì)中國(guó)學(xué)生英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的癥結(jié)和困惑有深刻的了解,力爭(zhēng)改變中國(guó)學(xué)生“學(xué)習(xí)多年英語(yǔ),最終還是不會(huì)說(shuō)、不會(huì)寫、聽(tīng)不懂”的尷尬局面。歡迎大家來(lái)信咨詢與英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)相關(guān)的問(wèn)題,請(qǐng)?jiān)谛欧庥蚁陆腔蜞]件主題欄注明“熱線答疑”。
下面這道題為什么選D,而不是C呢?您可以解釋一下嗎?
______ a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.
A. It has B. They have
C. It remains D. There remains
正確答案應(yīng)該是D,填入后說(shuō)成:There remains a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.實(shí)際上,這是一個(gè)there be句型,相當(dāng)于:There is a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.如果填入C選項(xiàng)的It remains,那么it指代不明,無(wú)法作為形式主語(yǔ)來(lái)指代下文的介詞短語(yǔ)as to the practical value of the project。
張老師您好,下面這道題的答案是A,第一個(gè)空選to我可以理解,但是第二個(gè)空為什么選with呢,不是be late for sth.嗎?
—You went late _______ the stadium yesterday evening, didn't you?
—Yes, my wife was a little late _______ the supper.
A. to; with B. for; with
C. for; for D. at; for
首先,A選項(xiàng)正確,填入后說(shuō)成:
—You went late to the stadium yesterday evening, didn't you? (昨晚你們到體育場(chǎng)晚了,對(duì)吧?)
—Yes, my wife was a little late with the supper. (是的,我妻子晚飯做得/吃得有點(diǎn)晚。)
第一句話中的late是副詞,作狀語(yǔ),修飾動(dòng)詞went;第二句話中的late是形容詞,修飾名詞the supper。形容詞late后邊可以接介詞for或with,但意思不同。具體來(lái)說(shuō),英文中be late for sth.表示“做某事遲到了,晚到了(arrive late)”,而be late with sth.表示“自己本來(lái)該做的事做晚了(be late in doing sth.)”,請(qǐng)比較:
a. My wife was late for the supper.
b. My wife was late with the supper.
這兩句話的意思是不同的。具體來(lái)說(shuō),a句是說(shuō)“我”妻子吃晚飯遲到了。比如大家晚上聚會(huì),晚飯時(shí)間定在晚上7點(diǎn)鐘,結(jié)果“我”妻子8點(diǎn)才到場(chǎng),讓別人久等了。而b句則是說(shuō)在正常的吃晚飯時(shí)間她沒(méi)有做/吃飯,而是把時(shí)間延后了。比如“我”們家一般7點(diǎn)吃晚飯,但“我”妻子那天晚上8點(diǎn)才做/吃晚飯。
我們來(lái)看更多的例句:
He was ten minutes late for school. (他那天上學(xué)遲到了十分鐘。)
You are always late with the rent. (你每次房租總是晚交。)
You're rather late with your apologies. (你這道歉已經(jīng)晚了。)
值得注意的是,我們可以用其他方式來(lái)表達(dá)be late with的含義,請(qǐng)比較:
He was late with his payment. (他付款晚了。)
= He made a late payment.
= He was late (in) paying.
所以,上面的b句可以改為:
My wife had a late supper./My wife was late in having supper.
我們?cè)倩氐缴厦孢@道題中的兩個(gè)句子,顯然背后的邏輯關(guān)系是:因?yàn)槲覀兂酝盹埖臅r(shí)間比正常時(shí)間要晚,所以我們到體育場(chǎng)的時(shí)間晚了。(We were late for the stadium because my wife was a little late with the supper.)
簡(jiǎn)言之,be late for是“遲到”,而be late with是“遲做”。