張真穩(wěn),方彭華,史明儀,王艷,曹靈,卜平 ,朱妍
(1 揚州大學(xué)臨床醫(yī)學(xué)院,江蘇揚州 225001 ;2 揚州大學(xué)江蘇省中西醫(yī)結(jié)合老年病防治重點實驗室;3 南京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)翰林學(xué)院)
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側(cè)腦室注射M35對2型糖尿病大鼠心肌組織GLUT4表達的影響
張真穩(wěn)1,方彭華2,3,史明儀2,王艷1,曹靈1,卜平2,朱妍1
(1 揚州大學(xué)臨床醫(yī)學(xué)院,江蘇揚州 225001 ;2 揚州大學(xué)江蘇省中西醫(yī)結(jié)合老年病防治重點實驗室;3 南京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)翰林學(xué)院)
摘要:目的觀察側(cè)腦室注射中樞性甘丙肽(GAL)受體拮抗劑M35對2型糖尿病大鼠心肌組織葡萄糖轉(zhuǎn)運蛋白4(GLUT4)表達的影響。方法取22只健康雄性Wistar大鼠制作2型糖尿病模型,將16只造模成功大鼠分為觀察組和模型組各8只,另取8只健康大鼠為對照組。觀察組于側(cè)腦室注射M35 2 μL,模型組和對照組分別于側(cè)腦室注射生理鹽水2 μL,1次/d,均干預(yù)21 d。采用血糖鉗實驗測定各組葡萄糖輸注速率,采用real-time PCR 法檢測心肌組織的GLUT4 mRNA。結(jié)果觀察組、對照組、模型組的葡萄糖輸注速率分別為(13.4±1.32)、(22.98±2.32)、(16.91±1.56)mg/min,P均<0.05;心肌組織GLUT4 mRNA的相對表達量分別為3.72±1.79、5.98±0.86、11.89±2.12 ,P均<0.05。結(jié)論側(cè)腦室注射M35可使2型糖尿病大鼠心肌組織GLUT4的表達上調(diào),從而提高心肌胰島素敏感性。
關(guān)鍵詞:葡萄糖轉(zhuǎn)運蛋白4;甘丙肽受體;2型糖尿??;心肌組織;胰島素敏感性
甘丙肽(GAL)廣泛分布于神經(jīng)和消化系統(tǒng),GAL代謝紊亂與2型糖尿病的發(fā)生、發(fā)展密切相關(guān)[1~4]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),內(nèi)源性GAL可通過作用于脂肪細胞及骨骼肌外周胰島素敏感組織上的受體,增加機體對胰島素的敏感性,降低胰島素抵抗[5~8]。但GAL能否通過中樞性GAL受體調(diào)節(jié)心肌細胞對胰島素敏感性目前尚不清楚。2012年9月~2014年12月,我們觀察了側(cè)腦室注射中樞性GAL受體拮抗劑M35對2型糖尿病大鼠心肌組織葡萄糖轉(zhuǎn)運蛋白4(GLUT4)表達的影響?,F(xiàn)報告如下。
1材料與方法
1.1材料健康雄性Wistar大鼠30只,體質(zhì)量150~160 g,購自揚州大學(xué)比較醫(yī)學(xué)實驗動物中心?;旌细咧暳?59%脂肪、21%蛋白質(zhì)、 20%碳水化合物)喂養(yǎng),自由飲食,室溫(24±2)℃,適應(yīng)性飼養(yǎng)8周。鏈脲佐菌素(STZ,Sigma公司),M35(英國TOCRIS生物公司),胰島素注射液(江蘇萬邦生物醫(yī)藥股份有限公司),LDB-M電子蠕動泵(定山儀器廠)。怡成SENTEST快速血葡萄糖測試儀、怡成滴血式血糖試條(北京怡成生物電子技術(shù)有限公司),酶標(biāo)儀(美國Bio-TEK Elx800公司),101-1型恒溫箱(上海實驗儀器總廠),高速低溫離心機(Themor TGL-16G);real-time PCR儀(ABI 7500 96 Wells)。
1.2動物分組與造模處理取22只大鼠采用一次性腹腔注射STZ 30 mg/kg的方法制作2型糖尿病模型。以高脂飼料喂養(yǎng)2周后大鼠空腹血糖≥11.1 mmol/L為造模成功。取16只造模成功大鼠分為觀察組和模型組各8只,另取8只健康大鼠為對照組。觀察組于側(cè)腦室注射M35 2 μL,模型組和對照組分別于側(cè)腦室注射生理鹽水2 μL,1次/d,均連續(xù)注射21 d。
1.3葡萄糖輸注速率測定采用血糖鉗實驗(改良Kraegen方法[9])測定各組葡萄糖輸注速率。將各組大鼠用50 mg/kg異戊巴比妥鈉麻醉后,頸靜脈插入細硅管,三通管分別與靜脈插管、輸注胰島素的蠕動泵及輸注10%葡萄糖的蠕動泵相連。靜脈恒速[24 mU/(mg·min)]輸注胰島素,同時輸注10%葡萄糖液。調(diào)整葡萄糖輸注速率至血糖穩(wěn)態(tài),計算30 min內(nèi)6次葡萄糖輸注速率,取平均值。
1.4心肌組織中GLUT4 mRNA表達檢測采用real-time PCR 法。處死各組大鼠,取100 mg心肌組織,操作均嚴(yán)格按照試劑盒說明書進行。GLUT4上游引物:5′-ACAGGGCAAGGATGGTAGA-3′,下游引物:5′-TGGAGGGGAACAAGAAAGT-3′;β-actin上游引物:5′-GGCTGTGTTGTCCCTGTATG-3′,下游引物:5′-AATGTCACGCACGATTTCC-3′。反應(yīng)液體積25 μL,反應(yīng)條件:95 ℃、10 min預(yù)變性;95 ℃、15 s,62 ℃、60 s,40個循環(huán)。以β-actin為內(nèi)參,以目標(biāo)條帶與內(nèi)參條帶吸光度比值作為GLUT4 mRNA的相對表達量。
2結(jié)果
2.1各組葡萄糖輸注速率比較觀察組、對照組、模型組的葡萄糖輸注速率分別為(13.4±1.32)、(22.98±2.32)、(16.91±1.56)mg/min,P均<0.05。
2.2各組心肌組織GLUT4 mRNA表達比較觀察組、對照組、模型組心肌組織GLUT4 mRNA的相對表達量分別為3.72±1.79、5.98±0.86、11.89±2.12,P均<0.05。
3討論
GAL是維持機體血糖平衡不可缺少的重要因素。GAL基因敲除小鼠表現(xiàn)出葡萄糖耐受能力下降,產(chǎn)生胰島素抵抗[2]。腹腔注射M35可顯著降低胰島素的敏感性,增加胰島素抵抗[5~8]。葡萄糖耐量試驗中GAL敲除小鼠表現(xiàn)出清除葡萄糖的能力極顯著下降,主要由于GAL敲除小鼠減少了胰島素依賴性降血糖作用和非胰島素依賴性降血糖作用[3]。大鼠室旁核注射GAL后,可促進骨骼肌對碳水化合物的利用,降低血糖,表明中樞GAL參與了外周組織糖代謝調(diào)節(jié)過程[9]。另外,2型糖尿病大鼠中樞注射GAL拮抗劑顯著升高血糖,增加骨骼肌和脂肪細胞胰島素胰島素抵抗[10,11]。
血糖鉗是國際公認的定量分析胰島素敏感性的金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[12]。血糖鉗的葡萄糖滴注速率可反映機體對胰島素的敏感性。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),觀察組葡萄糖滴注速率低于對照組,表明阻斷中樞GAL可減少機體對葡萄糖的攝取,增加胰島素抵抗,與之前的研究一致[5,11]。
葡萄糖可在細胞膜上GLUT的幫助下易化擴散進入細胞,GLUT4是其中最重要的葡萄糖轉(zhuǎn)運體[13]。GLUT4不斷在囊泡膜與細胞膜之間循環(huán),主要存在于骨骼肌、脂肪細胞和心肌的高爾基體附近的囊泡膜上[14],少數(shù)存在于細胞膜上。2型糖尿病患者可出現(xiàn)心肌胰島素抵抗,導(dǎo)致心肌缺血和心肌梗死發(fā)病率增加[15,16]。其中,胰島素信號通路障礙致GLUT4 表達減少是心肌產(chǎn)生胰島素抵抗的主要原因[15]。2型糖尿病動物及患者心肌GLUT4表達水平顯著下降,導(dǎo)致心肌對葡萄糖的攝取減少[15~17]。因此,心肌維持正常GLUT4水平對心臟正常代謝活動十分必要。本研究中,模型組心肌組織GLUT4 mRNA表達低于對照組,而觀察組GLUT4 mRNA的表達低于模型組,提示激活中樞GAL受體能夠顯著增加心肌細胞GLUT4 mRNA表達,增加心肌細胞對葡萄糖的攝取,增加心肌的胰島素敏感性。綜上所述,M35可通過增加2型糖尿病大鼠心肌組織GLUT4表達提高心肌胰島素敏感性。
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Effect of intracerebroventricular injection of M35 on GLUT4 expression in
myocardial tissues of type 2 diabetic rats
ZHANGZhen-wen1, FANG Peng-hua, SHI Min-yi, WANG Yan, CAO Ling, BO Ping, ZHU Yan
(1ClinicalMedicalCollege,YangzhouUniversity,Yangzhou225001,China)
Abstract:ObjectiveTo observe the influence of intracerebroventricular injection of galanin (GAL) receptor antagonist M35 on the expression of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) in myocardial tissues of type 2 diabetic rats. MethodsWe took 22 healthy male Wistar rats to make the type 2 diabetic models. Sixteen model rats were successfully made and then were divided into the observation group and the model group, 8 rats in each group. Besides, another 8 healthy rats were selected as the control group. The intracerebroventricular injection of 2 μL/d M35 was administered in the observation group, and 2 μL/d saline was injected in the model and control groups, once a day and both groups were treated for 21 days. The euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp test was used to detect the glucose infusion rates. GLUT4 mRNA was detected by real-time PCR.ResultsThe glucose infusion rates in the observation group, control group and model group were respectively (13.4±1.32) mg/min, (22.98±2.32) mg/min and (16.91±1.56) mg/min, (all P<0.05). GLUT4 mRNA expression levels in the myocardial tissues of the observation group, control group and model group were 3.72±1.79, 5.98±0.86 and 11.89±2.12, respectively (all P<0.05). ConclusionGAL can enhance the insulin sensitivity of myocardial tissues through the increased GLUT4 expression of type 2 diabetic rats.
Key words:glucose transporter type 4; galanin receptor; type 2 diabetes mellitus; myocardial tissue; insulin sensitivity
收稿日期:(2015-05-15)
通信作者簡介:朱妍 (1961-),女,主任醫(yī)師,教授,碩士生導(dǎo)師,主要研究方向為糖尿病基礎(chǔ)與臨床。 E-mail: yzdxzzw@163.com
作者簡介:第一張真穩(wěn)(1965-),男,博士,主任醫(yī)師,碩士生導(dǎo)師,主要研究方向為2型糖尿病胰島素抵抗機制。E-mail: yzzzw@medmail.com.cn
基金項目:國家衛(wèi)生和計劃生育委員會科研基金資助項目(W201309)。
中圖分類號:R587.1
文獻標(biāo)志碼:A
文章編號:1002-266X(2015)46-0008-03
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-266X.2015.46.003