在科技日新月異的今天,想要記錄下自己的美麗瞬間,你只需拿出智能手機,擺好pose,來張自拍即可。在智能手機尚未誕生的很久很久以前,人們是否也有將自己的容顏記錄和保存下來的想法呢?答案當然是肯定的,而且他們的方式并不比我們的自拍落后,甚至還更為高明。
Here are five self-portraits that are predecessors1) to the modern-day selfie. Perhaps they are not the best or the most famous, but they form a fascinating trip to the soul of some of the most important art masters. Put your smartphone away and take a look.
以下我們將要介紹的五幅自畫像可謂是現(xiàn)代自拍的前身。它們或許并不是最優(yōu)秀或最有名的作品,但卻促成了一次觸碰一些最具影響力的藝術(shù)大師靈魂的絕妙旅行。收起你的智能手機,來欣賞一下吧。
1. Self-portrait
(Albrecht Dürer, 1500)
In addition to being the unquestionable genius of the German Renaissance2), and one of the most important artists of the whole history of art, Albrecht Dürer is the first master of the self-portrait. Dürer pictured himself in numerous paintings and drawings, the first of them created when he was only 13 years old. The Self-portrait (1500) is arguably the most developed of all the self-portraits painted by Dürer.
2. Self-portrait
(Leonardo da Vinci, around 1512)
In the whole history of art, there is no artist more legendary than Leonardo, the genius painter, sculptor, architect and scientist born in Vinci in 1452. It is said that this extraordinary drawing is the only surviving self-portrait by the master. If the generally accepted date (1512) for this work is correct, it is quite remarkable that the artist had depicted himself as an ancient man, if we consider that he was only 60 years old or so at the time this drawing was finished.
1. 阿爾布雷希特·丟勒的《自畫像》
(創(chuàng)作于1500年)
阿爾布雷希特·丟勒不但是德國文藝復(fù)興時期當之無愧的天才和整個藝術(shù)史上最著名的藝術(shù)家之一,他還是首位自畫像大師。丟勒在眾多繪畫及素描作品中都畫過自己,他創(chuàng)作第一幅自畫像時年僅13歲。1500年的這幅《自畫像》大概是丟勒創(chuàng)作的所有自畫像中技法最為成熟的一幅。
2. 列奧納多·達·芬奇的《自畫像》
(創(chuàng)作于1512年前后)
列奧納多1452年出生于芬奇鎮(zhèn),在整個藝術(shù)史上,沒有任何一位藝術(shù)家比這位天才畫家、雕塑家、建筑師和科學家更為傳奇。據(jù)說,這幅偉大的畫作是這位大師僅存的一幅自畫像。人們普遍認為這幅作品創(chuàng)作于1512年,如果這一時間準確無誤,再考慮到他完成這幅素描時不過60歲上下,那么這位藝術(shù)家將自己畫成一位耄耋之年的老人還真是不尋常。
3. Self-portrait
(Rembrandt van Rijn, 1659)
Rembrandt is a great master of Dutch painting and also a great master of the self-portrait: he painted himself in more than fifty canvases3) and drawings. The artist depicted himself young and old, laughing and shouting, surprised and quiet. This canvas, painted when the artist was over 50 years old, is arguably the best self-portrait he ever created, an honest, sincere and ruthless portrait of an artist who had never shown mercy to himself.
4. Self-portrait with Bandaged Ear
(Vincent van Gogh, 1889)
The story of Van Gogh and his bandaged ear is so famous that we only need to make a brief summary of it. In December 1888, Van Gogh threatened Paul Gauguin4) with a razor and then he cut off the lower part of his own left ear, which he wrapped in a newspaper. Gauguin left Arles and did not see Van Gogh ever again. This is one of the two self-portraits that Van Gogh painted after the \"ear incident\". The expression of the artist's face is, paradoxically5), calmer than in many other self-portraits by the artist.
5. Self-portrait
(Pablo Picasso, 1901)
Picasso arrived in Paris just before turning 20, and his beginnings in the French capital were not easy. Alone and with economic difficulties, the young genius wandered in the huge city. The serenity and austerity6) of the work and the bohemian7) look of the moustached8) figure make up the image of a brave and decided artist who could easily find his way in spite of all difficulties.
3. 倫勃朗·凡·賴恩的《自畫像》
(創(chuàng)作于1659年)
倫勃朗是荷蘭畫壇的大師級人物,也是一位偉大的自畫像大師:他在50多幅油畫及素描作品中都畫過自己。這位藝術(shù)家畫筆下的自己或年輕或年邁,或大笑或大叫,或驚訝或沉默。《自畫像》這幅油畫是這位藝術(shù)家在年逾五旬時創(chuàng)作的,這大概是他所創(chuàng)作過的最棒的一幅自畫像,是對這位對自己從不留情的藝術(shù)家進行的寫實、真誠而又無情的刻畫。
4. 文森特·梵高的《割耳朵后的自畫像》
(創(chuàng)作于1889年)
梵高和他纏著繃帶的耳朵的故事實在是太有名了,所以我們只需在此對其進行一個簡要的概述。1888年12月,梵高用剃刀威脅保羅·高庚,后來他割下了自己左耳的耳垂并將其包在報紙里。高庚離開了阿爾勒,從此再也沒有見過梵高。這幅畫是梵高在“割耳事件”之后所創(chuàng)作的兩幅自畫像中的一幅。反常地是,畫中這位藝術(shù)家的面部表情比他創(chuàng)作的其他許多幅自畫像中的表情都更為平靜。
5. 巴勃羅·畢加索的《自畫像》
(創(chuàng)作于1901年)
在快要20歲時,畢加索來到了法國首都巴黎,然而初到這里的生活并不容易。這位年輕的天才畫家孤身一人且經(jīng)濟拮據(jù),在這個偌大的都市中四處游蕩。這幅作品的恬淡與樸實無華以及蓄著八字胡的人物那不羈的神態(tài),一起塑造出了一位勇敢而堅定的藝術(shù)家形象:他在重重困難面前能輕松找到自己的方向。
1.predecessor [?pri?d?ses?(r)] n. 前身
2.German Renaissance: 德國文藝復(fù)興,發(fā)端于15世紀。阿爾布雷希特·丟勒是該時期最偉大的藝術(shù)家之一,多才多藝,學識淵博。
3.canvas [?k?nv?s] n. 油畫
4.Paul Gauguin: 保羅·高庚(1848~1903),法國后印象派畫家、雕塑家,與文森特·梵高、保羅·塞尚(Paul Cézanne, 1839~1906)并稱為后印象派三大巨匠。1888年,梵高邀請高庚前來法國城市阿爾勒同住,起初他們相處愉快,但后來卻總是爭吵不斷。
5.paradoxically [?p?r??d?ks?kli] adv. 反常地;自相矛盾地
6.austerity [??ster?ti] n. 無裝飾;樸實無華
7.bohemian [b???hi?mi?n] adj. 行為舉止不拘泥成規(guī)的
8.moustached [m??stɑ??t] adj. 蓄著八字胡須的