建筑設(shè)計(jì)：威廉·羅伊厄/威廉·羅伊厄建筑事務(wù)所

林間小屋，阿斯特，紐約，美國

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：威廉·羅伊厄/威廉·羅伊厄建筑事務(wù)所

1 西立面的耐候鋼墻/Corten wall at west elevation

2 總平面/Site plan

林間小屋是一座獨(dú)戶住宅，它位于美國紐約阿斯特縣肖瓦崗山腳下一片3.4hm2的密林中。這座446m2的住宅設(shè)計(jì)思考了兩個(gè)對(duì)立幾何形態(tài)的關(guān)系：一道披著耐候鋼板的雕塑般的墻，以及仿佛從布滿卵石的地面上浮現(xiàn)出來的大量分層青石。天然材料的運(yùn)用和策略性的選址使得這座住宅能完全隱身于外部世界，同時(shí)也能緊密地與自然界相關(guān)聯(lián)。

基地邊界被77棵挪威云杉排成一排劃分出來，這種奇特的元素把訪問者引導(dǎo)至與世隔絕的入口。住宅中有一道彎曲墻體，充滿英雄氣質(zhì)，同時(shí)又具有實(shí)用主義的合理性。它輕微的彎折創(chuàng)造出一個(gè)淺淺的入口庭院，同時(shí)也放大了這條通往住宅的小溪的流水聲。另外，這道彎曲的墻猶如脊椎一樣，把室內(nèi)空間組織成一系列如觀賞影片般觀看周圍景觀的入口，每個(gè)窗戶都形成一個(gè)特殊的視角，隨季節(jié)影響著室內(nèi)空間的性格。

這座住宅的室內(nèi)空間是對(duì)質(zhì)樸與收斂的實(shí)踐。室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)的材料選擇來自房主的委托，要與她關(guān)于簡(jiǎn)潔、舒適、耐久的價(jià)值觀保持一致。但這種鮮明而簡(jiǎn)素的審美觀又被建材的豐富所調(diào)和，生成精致而經(jīng)典的適居狀態(tài)。

為了與房主關(guān)于環(huán)境的想法保持一致，林間小屋的設(shè)計(jì)和施工都遵循了《綠色建筑評(píng)估體系》（LEED）的嚴(yán)格規(guī)定。這座建筑的高性能散熱層由緊固連鎖的355.6mm厚承重隔熱板，以及用森林管理委員會(huì)認(rèn)證的木材定制的4層玻璃窗構(gòu)成。這座住宅還采用了一種直接交換的地?zé)嵯到y(tǒng)，以及可用于澆灌云杉的雨水回收系統(tǒng)，此外，還有許多其他的綠色建筑技術(shù)。屋頂結(jié)構(gòu)配合太陽能光伏電池和未來風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)來設(shè)計(jì)，然而即使沒有這兩項(xiàng)設(shè)計(jì)，這座住宅也獲得了LEED銀獎(jiǎng)，且在家庭能源評(píng)級(jí)系統(tǒng)中得到44分，比一座典型的新建住宅節(jié)省約56%的能耗?！酰ㄐ翂?mèng)瑤 譯）

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: Privacy

主持建筑師/Principal Architect: William Reue

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Project Team: James Teese, Jr.

結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)/Structural Engineer: Ross Dalland, P.E.

設(shè)備設(shè)計(jì)/Mechanical Engineer: D'Antonio Consulting Engineers

LEED 顧問/LEED Consultant: Integral Building & Design

家庭自動(dòng)化/Home Automation: Everglades Technology

木工制作/Cabinetry: Cabinets by Stanley

建筑面積/Floor Area: 446m2

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Period: 2012.03-2012.10

建造時(shí)間/Construction Period: 2012.11-2013.12

攝影/Photos: Steve Freihon

3.4 西南立面/Southeast elevation

5 西北立面的耐候鋼墻/Corten wall at northwest elevation

6 文字被刻在室外青石上/Text carved in exterior bluestone

7 西立面/West elevation

A House in the Woods is a single-family home located on a densely forested 8.5 acre lot at the base of the Shawangunk Mountains in Ulster County. The 4800 ft2 residence is the result of the studied relationship between two opposing geometries – a long sculptural wall clad in CorTen weathering steel and a mass of stratified bluestone that appears to have emerged from the boulder-strewn earth. The use of natural materials and strategic siting make the house completely invisible to the outside world and yet keep it very tightly stitched into the natural one.

The site boundary is defined by a row of 77 Norway spruces, the sole element that guides visitors to the entrance of the secluded property. The curved wall of the building is heroic, yet pragmatically justified. Its slight bend creates a shallow entry court and amplifies the sound of the small stream that runs parallel to the house. Additionally, the curved wall operates as a spine that organizes the interior spaces as a series of cinematic portals to the landscape, each window framing a particular view that impacts the character of the interior as the seasons change.

The interior of the house is an exercise of modesty and restraint. Material selections were based on the owner's mandate to develop an interior consistent with her values of simplicity, comfort, and durability. The boldness of the austere aesthetic is tempered by the richness of its materials, resulting in a refined and classic habitable composition.

Consistent with the owner's sense of environmental stewardship, the design and construction for A House in the Woods followed the rigorous guidelines of the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED). The building's high performance thermal envelope consists of 14-inch-thick Structural Insulated Panels that tightly interlock and custom-designed quadruple pane windows constructed with FSC-certified wood. The house also employs a direct-exchange geothermal heating system, a rainwater harvesting system that irrigates the row of Norway Spruces, and many other "green" building technologies. The roof structure was designed to accommodate photo-voltaic panels and future wind turbines. However, even without these two features, the house was certified LEEDSilver and has a Home Energy Rating System (HERS) Index of 44 which is approximately 56% more energy efficient than a typical new home. □

8 主入口/Main entrance

9 平面/Floor plan

10 起居室/Living room

評(píng)論

丁力揚(yáng)：面與體、封閉與通透、厚重與輕盈。從圖紙來看，這座建筑仿佛不是典型的探索舒適度和建造消耗平衡的建筑，反而更像是一個(gè)追求構(gòu)圖和體量的傳統(tǒng)現(xiàn)代主義風(fēng)格住宅。不過，通過一番閱讀，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)耐候鋼板墻體和通透的玻璃窗其實(shí)還有超越形式風(fēng)格層面的作用——它們并不是傳統(tǒng)意義的墻和窗，其實(shí)主要起到了“建筑設(shè)備”組成的作用。不過，問題也在于此，就像是空調(diào)的室外機(jī)一樣，它們只是“外掛”在建筑以外——這種獨(dú)立于建筑存在的意義除了技術(shù)需要以外和建筑本體無關(guān)，尤其是那片墻完全可以剝離于建筑整體。因此，從有限的圖片和說明看來，想要使得這種設(shè)計(jì)思路更有說服力的話，它們最好有超越“外掛建筑設(shè)備”層面的其他與建筑本身關(guān)系更為緊密的作用。

姜涌：用一道V型巨墻、錨固家于自然之中，從而使得回家的路變得如故事和詩歌般的起承轉(zhuǎn)合，同時(shí)V型的形態(tài)很好地解決了車行交通、主次入口、客廳與餐廳廚房的過渡、主臥與其他臥室的空間分配、設(shè)備用房布置等一系列問題。

Comments

DING Liyang: Surface and volume, enclosure and transparency, massiveness and lightness…This project does not seem to be a typical exploration of the balance between comfort and construction consumption; rather, it is more like a classic modernist building in pursuit of composition and volume. However, on close examination of the drawings and other related materials, it becomes obvious that the CorTen weathering steel and large windows are not just walls and windows in a traditional sense. Actually, these architectural elements are attached to the building as 'mechanical equipment'. But, just like the exterior equipment of air-conditioning, these elements merely 'hang' on the wall –independent parts that could be totally detached from the building. Therefore, in order to make this type of design more compelling, such elements better go beyond their current function as 'hanging equipment' to gain more interaction with the building per se.

JIANG Yong: A V-shaped giant wall anchors the home in nature, hence the way home is rendered like a story with poetic shifts and turns. Meanwhile, the V-shape does an excellent job in solving such problems as automobile traffic, main and auxiliary entrances, transition from the sitting room to the dinning room and kitchen, spatial disposition of master and minor bedrooms, as well as arrangement of facility rooms.

A House in the Woods, Ulster, New York, USA, 2013

Architects: William Reue/William Reue Architecture

11.12 起居室/Living room

13 主臥衛(wèi)生間/Master bath