建筑設(shè)計(jì)：卡婭·蒂爾特內(nèi)斯/Pir II 奧斯陸建筑工作室

Tallhall氣象學(xué)會(huì)新樓，奧斯陸，挪威

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：卡婭·蒂爾特內(nèi)斯/Pir II 奧斯陸建筑工作室

1 外景/Exterior view

2 總平面/Site plan

挪威氣象學(xué)會(huì)既是一個(gè)項(xiàng)目委托的產(chǎn)物，也誕生于關(guān)注環(huán)境問題的過程。作為氣象研究數(shù)據(jù)的提供者之一，挪威氣象學(xué)會(huì)深知他們也需要為減少?gòu)U氣的排放做出努力。

建筑內(nèi)部被分為兩個(gè)相當(dāng)對(duì)立的功能分區(qū)，并且這個(gè)模式也以很多方式被標(biāo)記在建筑中。一個(gè)是科技核心區(qū)域，需要保證安全性且不易接近；另一個(gè)是公共區(qū)域，在開放性和友好性上擁有與前者幾乎相反的需求。

一方面，伺服器群有嚴(yán)格的溫度和密度要求，于是科技裝置的環(huán)境適用性成為主要挑戰(zhàn)。另一方面，人們工作環(huán)境的舒適性也很重要，集會(huì)和飲食是其關(guān)鍵。

從整體來看，把開放部分放在上層而把科技部分放在下層可以滿足前面提到的要求。從建筑體量的概念來看，科技部分的形態(tài)被處理得很精準(zhǔn)，而公共部分則更有表現(xiàn)力。當(dāng)上層的公共部分在下層的科技部分“留下”足跡時(shí)，也為計(jì)算機(jī)冷卻系統(tǒng)創(chuàng)造出一個(gè)必需的開放屋頂空間，剛好在伺服器群所在核心區(qū)的正上方。這也在入口區(qū)和帶有噪音的冷卻裝置中間制造出一個(gè)聲學(xué)屏障，使花園和入口區(qū)成為一個(gè)可以安心用餐和集會(huì)的環(huán)境。

封閉立面與視覺上開敞的立面有相反的需求，再加上用于屋頂設(shè)備的是物理上開敞的立面，使得主要外墻貼面選擇了穿孔鋁板，當(dāng)然這也能保證外觀的統(tǒng)一性。這座洞穴建筑擁有兩個(gè)對(duì)立的功能分區(qū)，卻在立面上完整統(tǒng)一。在考慮制冷系統(tǒng)的情況下把立面做得開敞，反映了客戶處于特殊的氣象領(lǐng)域，同時(shí)也為氣象局提供了更符合身份的建筑。

室內(nèi)材料選自一種北歐色系，未經(jīng)處理的木材占了大部分，只有一小部分顏色按對(duì)立原則選取。無論是室外還是室內(nèi)，材料的選擇都與CO2排放效果有很大關(guān)系。相比于某些材料，例如鋼或石膏板，對(duì)本地木材的使用減少了排放量，并且所有用于室外的鋁都是100%的循環(huán)材料。而且，所有結(jié)構(gòu)中使用的混凝土都采用一種新開發(fā)的“低碳”混合比例。

氣象局的天氣預(yù)報(bào)伺服器群產(chǎn)生廢熱，能源概念就建立在對(duì)其再利用的基礎(chǔ)上。新的伺服器在實(shí)際架子中被直接冷卻，在低溫加熱系統(tǒng)下當(dāng)溫度達(dá)到可再利用廢熱時(shí)，允許使用水冷。系統(tǒng)中的水循環(huán)也從室外塊石路面中流過，這使得在冷卻伺服器的同時(shí)路面的溫度也上升，創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)無冰雪的入口小徑。一年中任何一天溫度低于15℃時(shí)（在挪威較普遍），尤其在冬天，當(dāng)入口小徑上的雪需要被融化時(shí)，可以創(chuàng)造雙贏局面。

人類的舒適與計(jì)算機(jī)的適用在這個(gè)項(xiàng)目中被連接起來。計(jì)算機(jī)或伺服器群必需的冷卻系統(tǒng)在冬季提供無冰空間和產(chǎn)生必要的供暖，增加了人類的舒適度。

Tallhall項(xiàng)目是10年計(jì)劃（2010-2020）“建造未來”（FutureBuilt）的一部分?！敖ㄔ煳磥怼泵枥L了一幅建設(shè)碳平衡城區(qū)和高質(zhì)量建筑的藍(lán)圖。其目標(biāo)為完成50個(gè)試點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目——既有城市區(qū)域，也有個(gè)人建筑——這將從交通、能源和材料消耗中降低至少50%的溫室氣體排放。

奧斯陸區(qū)正在快速擴(kuò)張，預(yù)計(jì)未來30年內(nèi)人口會(huì)增長(zhǎng)40%。這意味著很多新建住宅、工作場(chǎng)所和交通設(shè)施將獲得發(fā)展。為了支持氣候友好的城市發(fā)展，奧斯陸區(qū)西部自治政府已經(jīng)啟動(dòng)了“建造未來”計(jì)劃?！酰ㄐ翂?mèng)瑤 譯）

3 鳥瞰/Aerial view

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: Norwegian Meteorological Institute

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Project Team: Kaja Tiltnes, H?vard Skarstein, Anne Sandnes, Martin Kandola

室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)/Interior Architect: Pir II Oslo AS

景觀設(shè)計(jì)/Landscape Architect: Thea Kvamme Hartmann

項(xiàng)目管理/Project Management: Sohlberg & Toftenes AS

主要承建商/Main Constructor: Eide Entrepren?r AS

總建筑面積/Total Floor Area: 1920m2

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Period: 2008-2010

建造時(shí)間/Construction Period: 2010-2011

攝影/Photos: Laila Meyrick/velour.no

4 局部立面/Partial elevation

5 概念示意/Concept diagram

This project for the Meteorological Institute of Norway is the product of both a commission and a process, where environmental issues have been in focus. As one of the suppliers of climate research data, the institute knew that they too needed to contribute to the reduction of emissions.

The content of the building is divided into two rather contrasting programs, and this aspect has in many ways left its mark on the architecture. On one hand there are technical areas that require security and limited access. On the other, there are areas for public use with almost opposite requirements, such as openness and accessibility.

On one hand the comfort of technological installations has been the main challenge. A server park has strict demands when it comes to temperature and humidity. And on the other hand the comfort of people working, meeting and eating is the key.

At an overall level, this challenge was met by putting the open areas on the upper floor, and the technical ones on the lower floor. In terms of the building volume concept, the technical areas havebeen given a strict shape, and the public areas a more expressive one. As the top floor "leaves" its footprint on the technical ground floor, it also generates the needed open roof space for computer cooling systems, directly over the basement areas where server parks are located. This also forms an acoustical barrier between the entrance area and noisy cooling installations, making this garden and entrance area a comfortable place to have lunch or meet.

6 夜景/Night view

The contrasting demands for both closed facades and more visually open ones, as well as physically open ones for the roof installations, is also the main criteria for choosing perforated aluminum as the main exterior cladding, as this allows a visual unity for the project as a whole. The whole building, despite its two contrasting programs, has the same fa?ade. The patterns that make the fa?ade open for air cooling systems reflect the client's specific climate field and give the Meteorological Institute a clear architectural identity.

In the interior, the materials are chosen from a Nordic palette, with focus on untreated wood as a main material, and a few chosen color-contrasting elements. Both externally and internally, the choice of materials has a lot to do with the CO2emission impact. The use of "short travelled" wood reduces these emissions dramatically as compared to other materials, for instance steel and plasterboards, and all of the aluminum used externally is 100% recycled material. Furthermore, the concrete used in all construction is a newly developed "low carbon" formula.

The energy concept is based upon reuse of left over heat from the institute's weather forecasting server parks. The new servers are cooled directly within the actual racks, allowing for the use of water cooled at temperature levels that are suitable for reuse in low temperature heating systems. The cycles of water in this system also travel through the outside paving, allowing the servers to cool down for free at the same time as the paving heats up, creating an ice- and snow-free entrance path. This is the case on any day of the year when the outside temperatures are below 15 degrees Celsius (which is normal in Norway), and particularly this is a win/ win situation during winter, when snow needs to be melted from the entrance paving.

The human comfort and the comfort of the computers are connected in this project. The necessary cooling system for the computers/server park is increasing the human comfort by giving ice-free areas in the winter and also produces necessary heating.

The Tallhall project is part of the ten-year program (2010-2020) FutureBuilt, which has the vision of developing carbon neutral urban areas and high-quality architecture. The aim is to complete 50 pilot projects – urban areas as well as individual buildings – that will reduce greenhouse gas emissions from transport, energy and material consumption by at least 50%.

The Oslo region is rapidly expanding, with an estimated population growth of 40% in the next 30 years. This implies development of many new houses, workplaces and transport infrastructure. To support climate friendly urban development, the municipalities in the western part of the Oslo region have launched FutureBuilt. □

7 內(nèi)景/Interior view

評(píng)論

青鋒：在寒冷的季節(jié)利用一切可以產(chǎn)生熱能的進(jìn)程，這是北半球高緯度地區(qū)人民所共有的智慧。因此，依靠晚餐的灶火暖炕與使用服務(wù)器冷卻水的余熱消融道路積雪，在本質(zhì)上并無區(qū)別。傳統(tǒng)中仍然有豐富的例證可以被新的技術(shù)所借鑒。在象征性的層面，建筑師通過打孔板模擬的云朵以及室內(nèi)天然木質(zhì)的大量使用回應(yīng)這一氣象研究機(jī)構(gòu)的道德使命。富有張力的形體與開窗方式成功突破了研究機(jī)構(gòu)的呆板印象。

張弘：Tallhall項(xiàng)目是以數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)、處理為核心功能的特殊建筑，其結(jié)合功能而不炫技的生態(tài)設(shè)計(jì)策略值得借鑒和尊重。在設(shè)計(jì)過程中，建筑師致力于應(yīng)對(duì)兼顧數(shù)據(jù)中心伺服設(shè)備的適用性和人類的舒適性需求的挑戰(zhàn)。通過合理的功能布局，很好地利用了機(jī)器廢熱為人類活動(dòng)提供有效熱源，并對(duì)噪聲問題給予了充分考慮，所形成的無冰小徑對(duì)于嚴(yán)寒地區(qū)的重要性不言而喻。

Comments

QING Feng: Making the best of every bit of heat available in cold seasons is a shared wisdom of people living in high-latitude areas of the Northern Hemisphere. Therefore, to heat up Chinese Kang with cooking fire is essentially the same process as melting snow on the road with the circulation of computer cooling water. There are still plenty of traditional cases that can be absorbed by new technology. On the symbolic level, architect made use of perforated aluminum board to simulate the formation of clouds. Together with extensive use of wood on the interior surface, it embodies the moral mission of this institution. The building's powerful shape and free fenestration help to soften the normal impression of rigidity of most research institutions.

ZHANG Hong: The Tallhall project's main feature is the storage and processing of information, which, together with its functional and unpretentious eco-design strategies, makes it a valuable precedent. In the design process, the architects strove to take into account both the adaptability of the datacenter servo equipment and the requirements of human comfort. Through reasonable functional arrangement, mechanical waste heat is effectively re-used to provide heating source for human activities; full consideration is also given to the problem of noise; for severe cold areas, the importance of ice-free entrance path is self-evident.

Tallhall: New Building of Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway, 2011

Architects: Kaja Tiltnes/Pir II Oslo AS

10 細(xì)部/Detail

8.9 內(nèi)景/Interior view