建筑設(shè)計(jì)：赫爾穆特·揚(yáng)，弗朗西斯科·岡薩雷斯/墨菲揚(yáng)建筑師事務(wù)所

默克—雪蘭諾總部，日內(nèi)瓦，瑞士

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：赫爾穆特·揚(yáng)，弗朗西斯科·岡薩雷斯/墨菲揚(yáng)建筑師事務(wù)所

1 雪蘭諾總部外景/Serono Headquarters exterior view

默克-雪蘭諾是一家久負(fù)盛名的歐洲生物科技龍頭企業(yè)。其新總部大樓的建設(shè)進(jìn)一步整合了這一多學(xué)科企業(yè)的組織結(jié)構(gòu)，并為未來發(fā)展留出了更大的空間。新建和改造建筑區(qū)包括3座新建低層建筑和2座改造工業(yè)廠房，包含辦公和實(shí)驗(yàn)室等功能，通過一系列覆頂?shù)慕煌骶€和公共空間有機(jī)組織成一個(gè)綜合體。項(xiàng)目的設(shè)計(jì)響應(yīng)了跨學(xué)科生物醫(yī)學(xué)研究的新潮流。這一潮流明確要求為研究和商務(wù)人群提供靈活、通透和光線充足的工作環(huán)境；而建筑中的“廣場”作為人們碰面和分享理念的社交空間，成為滿足上述要求的關(guān)鍵。

在建筑和性能上，默克-雪蘭諾總部更多地傳達(dá)了以高端科技為設(shè)計(jì)原則的新型理念，而不僅僅是簡單的風(fēng)格設(shè)計(jì)。通過自然采光通風(fēng)、太陽能、建筑自身氣候調(diào)節(jié)理念等基本概念，自然資源得到了最大限度的利用，機(jī)械設(shè)備的使用達(dá)到最小化，最終打造出一座高舒適度、低能耗的建筑。下文簡要說明本項(xiàng)目采取的關(guān)鍵設(shè)計(jì)措施。

緩沖空間

“廣場”和中庭位于辦公和實(shí)驗(yàn)樓之間，作為入口和集會(huì)場所。這些過渡空間采用自然通風(fēng)，氣候可調(diào)節(jié)，空調(diào)系統(tǒng)不是完全覆蓋。過渡空間起到緩沖區(qū)的作用，有助于緩解室內(nèi)工作環(huán)境和外部環(huán)境之間的溫差。

可開啟屋頂

可開啟屋頂和兩個(gè)7.8m×11m的標(biāo)志性大門在天氣允許的情況下，可將“廣場”的室內(nèi)空間轉(zhuǎn)化為室外空間。采用小型液壓泵可開啟或關(guān)閉全玻璃屋頂。

適應(yīng)性幕墻

建筑的幕墻設(shè)計(jì)采用無重疊玻璃的單層幕墻，外設(shè)卷軸式防風(fēng)雨不銹鋼板外遮陽，作為對(duì)抗太陽熱增益的第一道屏障。遮陽板由4個(gè)安裝在屋頂?shù)臍庀笳究刂?，可以按照太陽在空中的位置和每個(gè)立面的朝向完成自動(dòng)部署。采用高性能氬氣填充的low-e鍍膜玻璃，減少熱傳遞，同時(shí)結(jié)合外部遮陽減少太陽熱增益。室內(nèi)遮陽卷簾進(jìn)一步完善了幕墻系統(tǒng)的配置，可提供眩光控制并降低房間亮度。該高性能幕墻配置通高玻璃，可引入盡可能多的自然光線，減少人工照明需求，降低相關(guān)能耗，并確保較高的使用舒適度。

周邊置換通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)

適應(yīng)性幕墻形成一體化供熱制冷系統(tǒng)的第一層構(gòu)件?；炷恋装逍顭狍w內(nèi)的輻射供暖和制冷系統(tǒng)可確?；镜氖孢m度，而周邊空氣機(jī)組則可根據(jù)使用人員的荷載和需求快速供熱和制冷。空氣經(jīng)過架空地板置換后在使用者周圍自然上升，而非通過風(fēng)機(jī)強(qiáng)制輸送。

湖水制冷

從日內(nèi)瓦湖抽取湖水供熱交換器使用，同時(shí)配備熱泵設(shè)備，承擔(dān)建筑的基本制冷負(fù)荷，以及相當(dāng)大一部分采暖負(fù)荷。通過湖水制冷，避免了冷卻塔和制冷機(jī)的使用，可大大降低能耗。精心控制湖水循環(huán)，減少供水線和回水線之間的溫差。

架空地板

通過架空地板進(jìn)行各種設(shè)備布線具有多重益處。這是一種緊湊的設(shè)備布線方式，可減少間隙，在較小的樓層高度中實(shí)現(xiàn)較高的天花高度。該做法可提供置換通風(fēng)以及插口通訊和配電，從而為充滿變化的工作場所提供更大的靈活性。

借光/借景

在項(xiàng)目室內(nèi)，尤其是室內(nèi)隔墻和外幕墻連接處采用通透表面的做法，可有效使建筑的透明表皮縱深化，提高自然光的分布和辦公格間的視野。

智能一體化控制

建筑管理系統(tǒng)可通過低壓一體化控制，了解建筑在每小時(shí)、每天和每個(gè)季節(jié)使用過程中的變化狀況，并作出相關(guān)響應(yīng)。□（李邁 譯）

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Owner: 默克-雪蘭諾國際有限公司/Merck Serono International

建筑配合/Associate Architect: Burckhardt + Partner AG

景觀設(shè)計(jì)/Landscape Design: Oxalis Architectes Paysagistes Associés S.A.

特殊結(jié)構(gòu)和幕墻設(shè)計(jì)/Special Structures & Facade: Werner Sobek Ingenieure

節(jié)能設(shè)計(jì)/Energy-Comfort: Transsolar Energietechnik

結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)/Structural Design: Thomas Jundt Ingénieurs

工程協(xié)調(diào)/Engineering Coordination: Bonnard & Gardel Ingénieurs

電氣設(shè)計(jì)/Electrical Design: Bonnard & Gardel Ingénieurs, Rh?ne Electra Eng S.A.

暖通空調(diào)設(shè)計(jì)/Heating-Cooling: Weinmann-Energies S.A.給排水設(shè)計(jì)/Plumbing Design: Zanini-Baechli & Associés Ingénieurs-Conseils S.A.

市政設(shè)計(jì)/Civil Design: Amsler & Bombeli, Guscetti & Tournler室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)/Interior Design: Mackay + Partners

垂直交通設(shè)計(jì)/Vertical Transport: Lerch Bates & Associates照明設(shè)計(jì)/Lighting Design: L-Plan

媒體墻設(shè)計(jì)/Media Wall: AG4

建筑物理和聲學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)/Building Physics & Acoustics: AAB –J. Stryjenski & H. Monti – S.A.

安保協(xié)調(diào)/Safety Coordinator: Ingenieurs Conseils Scherler勘測/Surveyors: Haller & Heimberg

承建商/Contractor: 斯坦納-綜合建筑承包公司/Steiner Total Services Contractor

項(xiàng)目功能/Project Programs: 項(xiàng)目總部/研發(fā)設(shè)施，3座歷史建筑的保護(hù)和再利用/Headquarters/research facility and preservation and reuse of three historic buildings

總建筑面積/Total Floor Area: 67,396m2

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Period: 2002-2006

攝影/Photos: Rainer Viertlb?ck

2 雪蘭諾總部夜景/Serono Headquarters night view

3 鳥瞰/Aerial view

Merck-Serono has long been recognized as a leading European biotech company. The new corporate headquarters consolidates and allows room for growth of this multi disciplined corporation. The new and renovated areas include 3 new low-rise buildings and 2 renovated industrial buildings, which accommodate offices, labs, and other functions. The whole complex is held together through covered streets and squares. Its design responds to emerging trends of interdisciplinary biomedical research with the expressed programmatic requirement of providing flexible, transparent, illuminated working spaces for research and business groups. Key to this is the development of the "forum" spaces – social magnets for meeting and idea sharing.

In terms of construction and performance the building is more informed by principles of science and technology, rather than design and style. Daylight, natural ventilation, solar energy and the idea that a building modulates its own climate are the basic concepts to maximize the use of natural resources and minimize technical and mechanical equipment. This results in a building of high comfort and low energy consumption.

Buffer space

The "forum" and the atrium between the office and lab buildings serve as entrances and gathering spaces. These transitional spaces are not fully airconditioned, but are regulated through natural ventilation. These spaces function as buffer zones that help moderating temperature difference between the interior workspace and the exterior environment.

4 剖面/Section

Operable roof

The operable roof and two 7.8m x 11m monumental doors transform the interior of the "forum" to an outdoor space when the weather permits. A small hydraulic pump opens and closes the fully glazed roof.

Adaptive facade

The design adopts single-shell, nonoverlapping glass facade, whose weatherresistance, rolling stainless steel sunshades function as the first defense against solar heat gains. Controlled by four roof-mounted weather stations, these shades automatically deploy according to the solar orientation of each facade and the sun's position in the sky. High performance argon-filled, low-e coated glass reduces heat flow and minimizes solar gainswith the help of external blinds. Interior roller shades complete the wall system, providing glare control and moderating room brightness. This high performance facade with floor to ceiling glass maximizes daylight, reducing the need for artificial illumination and its resulting energy usage while providing a high degree of comfort.

Peripheral displacement air system

The adaptive facade provides the first layer of the integrated heating and cooling system. Radiant heating and cooling in the thermal mass of the concrete floor slab provides base comfort, while the perimeter air unit provides quick response heating and cooling based on occupant load and need. The displaced air is delivered through the raised floor, rising naturally around the occupants rather than delivered forcefully through fans.

Lake water cooling

Water extracted from Lake Geneva is circulated through heat exchangers supplemented with heat pumps and utilized for the base cooling load of the building as well as a significant portion of the heating load. The use of lake water eliminates the need for cooling towers and chillers, which saves a significant amount of energy. The lake water loop is carefully managed to minimize the temperature difference between the supplying and returning water lines.

Raised floor

The use of an accessible raised floor for service layout has several benefits. This compact method can reduce interstitial space, thus increasing ceiling height within limited floor-to-floor space. It allows for displacement air delivery, socket communication and power distribution, thus providing flexibility for the ever-changing work place.

Borrowed light/view

The use of transparent surfaces in the interior, especially where the interior partitions meet the exterior curtain wall, effectively deepens the transparent skin of the building, improving daylight distribution as well as views from office compartments.

Integrated intelligent controls

Low voltage integrated controls endow the building management system with the ability to learn and react to the changing conditions of the building as it is used on hourly, daily, and seasonal bases. □

6 二層平面/Floor 1 plan

7 中庭/Atrium

評(píng)論

蔣培銘：建筑師喜歡把更多的精力投入到建筑形式的創(chuàng)作之中，很少給與建筑更多的關(guān)懷。而該項(xiàng)目的設(shè)計(jì)，通過在舊建筑之間嵌入新的公共空間，不僅增強(qiáng)了舊建筑之間的交流互動(dòng)，而且創(chuàng)造了賞心悅目的人文景觀。特別是生態(tài)節(jié)能技術(shù)的設(shè)計(jì)，保證了建筑使用的舒適自然性。建筑師似乎設(shè)計(jì)了太多的內(nèi)容，多乎哉！不多也！這樣的建筑很人性！

張弘：默克-雪蘭諾總部項(xiàng)目將現(xiàn)代生態(tài)建筑理念與舊建筑改造相結(jié)合，其中大量采用的高端生態(tài)策略與技術(shù)措施給人印象深刻，尤其是過渡空間大尺度屋頂?shù)恼w開啟裝置，可視為該建筑的最大亮點(diǎn)和標(biāo)志性特征。針對(duì)日內(nèi)瓦地區(qū)溫潤的海洋性氣候，采用大面積的Low-E玻璃及配套的遮陽、通風(fēng)設(shè)施，能很好地起到調(diào)節(jié)過渡季及冬季室內(nèi)溫濕度以及照度環(huán)境的作用。但繁多生態(tài)措施的集成所帶來的經(jīng)濟(jì)性及效率方面的問題值得商榷。

Comments

JIANG Peiming: Architects all too often lavish their efforts on the creation of architectural forms, without paying due attention to the buildings per se. But in this project, new public space is imbedded between the old buildings, which not only enhances their interaction, but also creates an attractive cultural landscape. Particularly noteworthy are the ecological and energy-saving devices that guarantee both comfort and naturalness in the use of the architectural spaces.The architect seems to have conceived a great deal of things, and yet, for a humanized project like this, it is never too much! ZHANG Hong: The Merck-Serono Headquarters merges modern eco-concepts with building renovation; its extensive use of advanced ecological/green strategies and technologies is impressive. Particularly noteworthy is the large-scale roof opening device at the buffer areas, which characterizes this building. Given the mild oceanic climate of Geneva, large areas of low-e glass are used together with matching equipments for shading and ventilation, which effectively adjust interior temperature, humidity and lighting during transitional seasons and wintertime. However, issues such as economy and cost-effectiveness raised by the concentration of multiple green measures are debatable.

Merck-Serono Headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland, 2007

Architects: Helmut Jahn, Francisco Gonzalez/JAHN, LLC

8 中庭/Atrium

9-11 內(nèi)景/Interior view

12 立面/Facade

13.14 幕墻細(xì)部/Facade detail

15 幕墻剖面分析/Facade sectional diagram

16 中庭夜景/Atrium night view

17 巨門/Monumental door (7.8m×11m)

18 可開啟屋頂和通風(fēng)口/Operable roof and air vent

19 會(huì)議廳/Conference room