北京建筑大學(xué)經(jīng)管-環(huán)能學(xué)院，北京，中國

School of Economic and Management & School of Environment and Energy, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture (BUCEA), Beijing, China, 2011

設(shè)計(jì)考慮了地段的建筑與周圍校園環(huán)境的特點(diǎn)，建筑與環(huán)境有機(jī)互動(dòng)，講究建筑與校園環(huán)境的結(jié)合。設(shè)計(jì)中充分利用地段東側(cè)的校園核心景觀區(qū)，將室外景觀引入建筑內(nèi)部。設(shè)計(jì)師基于對(duì)功能要求的理性分析，將各功能空間集約布置，既分區(qū)明確又有機(jī)結(jié)合。教學(xué)樓與實(shí)驗(yàn)樓相對(duì)獨(dú)立，以連廊連接?；趯?shí)驗(yàn)樓的面積要求和地段南北邊長較窄的現(xiàn)狀，打破L型布局，將實(shí)驗(yàn)功能分布在東西朝向的兩棟樓內(nèi)，教學(xué)功能集中布置在南北朝向的一棟樓內(nèi)。在滿足教學(xué)和實(shí)驗(yàn)功能的空間獨(dú)立性的同時(shí)，加強(qiáng)教學(xué)和實(shí)驗(yàn)之間的聯(lián)系，便于師生在兩種功能之間頻繁轉(zhuǎn)換。將環(huán)能學(xué)院的報(bào)告廳從主體建筑獨(dú)立出來，置于環(huán)能學(xué)院北向院落中心，供經(jīng)管學(xué)院與其他院系共用。設(shè)計(jì)注重報(bào)告廳的功能靈活性，使報(bào)告廳不僅可以承擔(dān)學(xué)術(shù)講座、工作會(huì)議、節(jié)日慶祝等日常活動(dòng)，還兼有舉辦長期展覽和舉辦小型音樂會(huì)的作用，為校園增添文化藝術(shù)氣息，成為組團(tuán)建筑中的點(diǎn)睛之筆。

經(jīng)管-環(huán)能建筑組團(tuán)對(duì)兩個(gè)學(xué)院整體考慮，以理性處理體塊關(guān)系，用3個(gè)短盒子與2個(gè)長盒子的穿插構(gòu)成有力的建筑形象。3個(gè)體量相同的短盒子平行布置，形成強(qiáng)烈的節(jié)奏感和韻律感；2個(gè)長盒子一字型排開，檐口高度一致，凸顯北方校園建筑的恢宏大氣。短盒子底層通透，上部堅(jiān)實(shí)，穩(wěn)重而不失輕盈；長盒子短面通透，長面堅(jiān)實(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)建筑的方向性。體量、尺度與校園內(nèi)的整體建筑環(huán)境相協(xié)調(diào)，尊重校園規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)導(dǎo)則中的街墻概念，維持校園內(nèi)“背景”建筑的身份。經(jīng)管-環(huán)能建筑組團(tuán)立面形式結(jié)合空調(diào)機(jī)位設(shè)計(jì)，探討符合功能且節(jié)約空間的可能性。立面巧妙處理空調(diào)機(jī)位與室內(nèi)空間、隔墻位置的多種關(guān)系，在滿足功能需求的同時(shí)創(chuàng)造出合理而獨(dú)特的立面形式。

建筑采用灰磚為材料，典雅的色彩與富于文化意蘊(yùn)的建筑肌理，傳承“學(xué)府”“書院”的文脈與歷史。獨(dú)立報(bào)告廳采用紅色的燈芯絨混凝土和玻璃幕墻為材料，使其成為灰色背景上的一筆亮色，注入生機(jī)和激情，激發(fā)庭院中的交往活動(dòng)，投射富有時(shí)代氣息的建筑之美。運(yùn)用傳統(tǒng)磚石材料和現(xiàn)代的混凝土以及玻璃幕墻，以簡潔的造型手法進(jìn)行組合，體現(xiàn)強(qiáng)烈的工業(yè)感和時(shí)代感。

建筑組團(tuán)方案注重營造豐富的室外空間，為師生提供思想交流碰撞的大平臺(tái)。方案以典型的院落圍合，形成經(jīng)典校園空間，具有明確的地域特征。經(jīng)管學(xué)院的院落開放性強(qiáng)，陽光充足，以硬質(zhì)鋪地為主，提供充足的活動(dòng)空間；環(huán)能學(xué)院的院落圍和性強(qiáng)，服務(wù)于全校的小報(bào)告廳置于其中，結(jié)合室外平臺(tái)和植物種植，提供穩(wěn)定高效的學(xué)術(shù)交流環(huán)境。

建筑屋頂空間具有相關(guān)設(shè)備的展示功能，為環(huán)能學(xué)院提供教學(xué)場(chǎng)所。屋頂空間有遮陽隔熱的隔柵頂蓋，形成氣候緩沖層，有效防止屋頂過熱，節(jié)約能源。屋頂空間完整的結(jié)構(gòu)體系有利于彈性發(fā)展，預(yù)留足夠空間為將來改造加層、遠(yuǎn)期發(fā)展提供可能?！?/p>

1 外景/Exterior view

2 建筑組團(tuán)/Building group

3 總平面/Site plan

4 首層平面/Floor 0 plan

5 二層平面/Floor 1 plan

6 外景/Exterior view

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人/Principal in Charge: 莊惟敏/ZHUANG Weimin

當(dāng)時(shí)連隊(duì)的成員是由老軍墾和支邊青年組成，文化水平都不高。一個(gè)高中生出現(xiàn)在連隊(duì)是件很稀奇的事。兩個(gè)月后，他被安排了一個(gè)不脫產(chǎn)的記分員，每天和大家一樣勞動(dòng)，下班前一個(gè)小時(shí)驗(yàn)收每個(gè)工人的成績，下班后顧不上洗臉吃飯就整理當(dāng)天每個(gè)職工的工作量和完成任務(wù)的百分比。然后站在房頂上拿著鐵皮喇叭，向全連公布，天天如此。雖然這樣很辛苦，但他從沒喊過累、叫過苦。

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design Team: 莊惟敏，任飛，李文虹，丁曉東等/ZHUANG Weimin, REN Fei, LI Wenhong, DING Xiaodong, et al.

場(chǎng)地面積/Site Area: 21,131m2

總建筑面積/Total Floor Area: 23,072m2

建筑高度/Height: 23.9m

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Period: 2009.7-2009.12

竣工時(shí)間/Completion: 2011.7

攝影/Photos: 張廣源/ZHANG Guangyuan

The building structures itself on the basis of fully respect the new campus design guidelines, existing surrounding circumstances and campus culture. Follow a reasonable logic principle, the design consider all aspect of the campus atmosphere to form a unique campus place. Also, optimal solution is premised on economical principle which fits the campus building. The building for School of Economic and Management & School of Environment and Energy (here after abbreviated as SEM & SEE) is E-shaped with two enclosed courtyards. There are two independent buildings, each for one of the schools. SEM locates in the east side of the site, while SEE is placed in the west, which includes a relatively independent public auditorium. The two buildings are separated by roads and green areas, but both of them use north side as laboratory and south side as teaching room.

The design considers both existing building and circumstances surrounding it and seeks to organically combine environment with architecture. It takes full advantage of the campus core landscape elements located in the east of the site, and combined the landscape with courtyards enclosed by buildings. According to rational analysis of functional requirements, the design arranged every space efficiently in a compact way, so that all functional areas are organically combined while still remain a clear zoning. Teaching block and laboratory block are relatively independent and they are connected by corridors. Due to the requirement of lab floor area and the special shape of the site, which is thin in the east-west direction, laboratories are grouped in two blocks which are east-west orientated, while classrooms are integrated in a block north-south orientated. Such layout would meet the independent requirement of different function areas while strengthening links between teaching and experiments, and teachers and students can frequently transfer between these two areas. The auditorium of SEE is put in north courtyard and set apart from the main building,so that different schools can share. Functional flexibility of auditorium is emphasized, so that it can host not only academic lectures, workshops, holiday celebrations and other daily activities, but also permanent exhibitions and small concerts. Such cultural and artistic ambience for campus makes it the most exciting part of the buildings.

7 建筑組團(tuán)/Building group

The Architect considered the architectural image of SEM and SEE as a whole, and handled the architectural mass rationally. This vigorous architectural image was constituted by inserting three small boxes into two large boxes. Three same small boxes are arranged in parallel to form a strong sense of visual rhythm. Two large boxes with consistent eave height lay in a straight line, highlights the incredible sight of this north campus. The small boxes have penetrated podium and solid top which make them looks steady but also light and graceful. the short side of large boxes is transparent and the long side is solid, emphasizing the direction of the building. On the basis of fully respect the principle of street wall in campus planning and design guideline, the design handle the architectural scale properly and form a harmoniously relationship with other constructions on campus, and together form a background for the campus. The facade design takes air conditioner into consideration and pay attention not only to meet the requirement of function but also to economize space. It takes full use of various space shaped by indoor space and walls, and makes building elevation unique and rational.

Main material for exterior wall is grey brick. Its elegant color and unique cultural meaning makes people recall the history of ancient Chinese academy. With its rough red concrete surface and glass curtain wall, the auditorium become the inspiring part in these grey buildings. The bright color bring vigorous and passion to this building and motivate communicating activities in the courtyard, which makes the building looks fashion and contemporary. the use of traditional material combined with modern concrete and glass curtain wall, together with simple form, adds a sense of industrialized and modern.

The design of building group emphasis on more diversified outdoor space which will provide a platform for students and teachers to communicate with each other. Enclosed courtyard constitutes the typical campus space and reflects regional features. The hard paving courtyard is an open place and full of sunshine, which provide adequate space for outdoor activity. The enclosed courtyard is an internally-oriented space, embracing the public auditorium. With the outdoor platform and vegetation, providing a smooth and effective environment for academic communication.

the roof space of architecture is accessible, inside which the exhibited facility will provide a teaching example for students from SEE to research. the roof is equipped with sun-proof system and barrier top, which will form a buffering layer to protect the roof from overheating. the integrated structure of roof is flexible for future development and reserve enough space for reconstruction possibility.□

評(píng)論

胡越：近30年來隨著中國高等教育的發(fā)展，嶄新的大學(xué)校園不斷涌現(xiàn)，成為中國建筑的一個(gè)獨(dú)特的景觀。這些兩三年內(nèi)就建成的巨大的郊區(qū)校園重新定義了中國高校建筑。近些年來對(duì)這樣新型校園建設(shè)的意見不絕于耳，整齊劃一的建筑，中軸對(duì)稱，等級(jí)森嚴(yán)的規(guī)劃模式，連同近些年來社會(huì)對(duì)高等教育的質(zhì)疑在行業(yè)內(nèi)部一起發(fā)酵著，引起許多建筑師的深思。

北京建筑大學(xué)大興新校區(qū)在規(guī)劃上依然延續(xù)了這種規(guī)劃思路，然而卻有些不同，不同之處在于校園建筑采用多個(gè)獨(dú)立建筑師團(tuán)隊(duì)分別設(shè)計(jì)的方式，為了保持新校園建筑的多樣性和統(tǒng)一協(xié)調(diào)，校方為參與設(shè)計(jì)的建筑師提供了一個(gè)“分級(jí)控制”的設(shè)計(jì)導(dǎo)則。在“分級(jí)控制”的思想指導(dǎo)下，建筑級(jí)別越高，設(shè)計(jì)的自由度越大，反之則越受導(dǎo)則的控制。

經(jīng)管-環(huán)能學(xué)院屬于中等控制的建筑。建筑設(shè)計(jì)的自由度受到較多限制，在這樣的限制下，建筑師既要符合導(dǎo)則對(duì)形式、材料、街墻等的嚴(yán)格要求，同時(shí)又要結(jié)合院系的特點(diǎn)尋求變化。從建成的效果看，這組建筑很好地解決了各種矛盾，設(shè)計(jì)手法嫻熟、恰當(dāng)，不溫不火。在校園灰色調(diào)的大前提下，通過跳動(dòng)的盒子造型活躍了氣氛。位于院落中的報(bào)告廳成為建筑體量中的一個(gè)變異體，獲得了很好的效果。

Comments

HU Yue: In the past 30 years, along with the development of higher education in China, brand new campuses constantly appear, which forms a unique landscape in Chinese architecture. these enormous suburban campuses built up in just two to three years have redefined China's college architecture. Complaints about these new campuses frequently emerge; uniform buildings, axisymmetric layouts and rigorous planning hierarchy, together with public challenges to higher education, have triggered profound thoughts of many architects.

though following the same planning pattern, the Daxing new campus of Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture shows certain different characteristics by commissioning individual designs from several independent design teams. In order to guarantee both diversity and harmony of campus buildings, the university established a "classification-control" design guideline for the architects. According to the concept of this guideline, the higher the building's class, the more flexible the design; conversely, the lower the building's class, the greater restriction from the guideline.

the School of Economics & Management and School of Environment & Energy buildings are under medium-level control. their design flexibility is limited by the guideline's strict requirements on forms, materials and facades, while at the same time the architect has to search for changes according to school and department characteristics. Judging from the effects of the completed work, the building complex successfully solves various contradictions in a skillful, appropriate and tepid way. Within the campus's overall grey context, the design enlivens the atmosphere via bouncing box forms. the auditorium in the courtyard becomes a variation on such formal theme and has achieved excellent effects.

8 外景/Exterior view

9 外景/Exterior view

10 內(nèi)景/Interior view

11 外景/Exterior view

12 剖面/Section