建筑設(shè)計：華南理工大學(xué)建筑設(shè)計研究院何鏡堂工作室

何鏡堂工作室，廣州，中國

建筑設(shè)計：華南理工大學(xué)建筑設(shè)計研究院何鏡堂工作室

1 鳥瞰全景/Panoramic bird's eye view

何鏡堂工作室是在一組舊建筑基礎(chǔ)上修繕、改建而成的，這組舊建筑位于華南理工大學(xué)校內(nèi)，原為老中山大學(xué)時期教授的居住區(qū)。在完整街塊內(nèi)，北面一列是6棟1930年代建成的單層坡頂別墅，南面一列是4棟1970年代末建成的兩層雙拼別墅。由于年久失修，這些建筑現(xiàn)已破敗，更有部分坍塌成為危房。我們從2004年起至今，經(jīng)過4次漸進式的更新改建，將這一破敗的歷史街塊逐漸轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐粋€獨具嶺南地域特色的、充滿朝氣活力的建筑師工作室，為校園創(chuàng)造了一個富有文化氣息的創(chuàng)新基地，為社區(qū)創(chuàng)造了一個自然、人性化的公共活動場所。

多年來，我們的創(chuàng)作道路是從地域中找依據(jù)，挖掘創(chuàng)新點，從文化的層面去提煉和升華，并與現(xiàn)代的科技、理念相結(jié)合，從空間的整體性和時間的延續(xù)性去把握，力求創(chuàng)作出地域性、文化性、時代性和諧統(tǒng)一的作品。何鏡堂院士將此提煉為“兩觀三性”論，它既是建筑創(chuàng)作的原則，也是設(shè)計構(gòu)思的方法。

具體到這個項目中，我們將舊建筑視為活的有機生命體，從歷史、文化、場地、功能空間中去尋找改造的依據(jù)和策略，通過“整體觀”和“生態(tài)觀”的整體把握，借鑒于庭園在傳統(tǒng)嶺南建筑中的應(yīng)用，結(jié)合地形的高低錯落，以“園林化”的方式為場地建立了新的秩序、注入新的特質(zhì)。在對待新舊建筑的關(guān)系上，我們保留舊建筑部分的外觀，內(nèi)部空間按新的功能需求重組，并增加構(gòu)造柱、圈梁等構(gòu)造措施加固防震，修舊如舊；新加建部分，采用可逆性的輕鋼結(jié)構(gòu)，銜接處與舊建筑脫離以連接體過渡，風(fēng)格上采用以鋼和玻璃為主的現(xiàn)代式，新、舊建筑并置，空間錯落有致而又和諧一體。

在這組舊建筑更新改造中，舊建筑不再只是保存歷史遺存的標(biāo)本，而且維系和重建了建筑與人、社會的互動關(guān)系，從中體現(xiàn)了尊重嶺南地域環(huán)境、氣候、文化的“地域性”，注重激發(fā)舊建筑新活力、歷史與現(xiàn)代生活相融合的“時代性”，吸收、融匯傳統(tǒng)嶺南庭園精神、營造新時代嶺南庭園的“文化性”。

在這里相繼創(chuàng)作出2010年上海世博會中國館、侵華日軍南京大屠殺紀(jì)念館擴建工程及勝利紀(jì)念館、天津博物館、映秀震中紀(jì)念地、錢學(xué)森圖書館、澳門大學(xué)橫琴校區(qū)等一大批在國內(nèi)外頗具影響力的標(biāo)志性建筑，正如鐫刻在工作室門廳墻壁上的一行話語“我們來到這里是為了出創(chuàng)作成果，我們留在這里是為了出更好的創(chuàng)作成果”。這組舊建筑群漸進式的更新改造不僅體現(xiàn)了創(chuàng)作團隊在建筑創(chuàng)作實踐中所堅持和貫徹的創(chuàng)作理念和核心價值，更加見證了何鏡堂建筑創(chuàng)作團隊近些年在建筑創(chuàng)作實踐中的探索與成果。何鏡堂工作室這個激發(fā)創(chuàng)意的現(xiàn)代嶺南庭院，更是我們設(shè)計師共同的家園。2014年，何鏡堂工作室被選為中國建筑學(xué)會全國建筑科普教育基地，我們希望在此平臺上與四方設(shè)計同道交流、探討建筑創(chuàng)作的道路。

項目信息/Credits and Data

設(shè)計團隊/Design Team: 何鏡堂，郭衛(wèi)宏，李綺霞，鄭少鵬，黃沛寧，晏忠，鄭炎，葉青青，曹聲東，阮皙鳴，郭志盛等/HE Jingtang, GOU Weihong, LI Qixia, ZHENG Shaopeng, HUANG Peining, YAN Zhong, ZHENG Yan, YE Qingqing, CAO Shengdong, RUAN Ximing, GUO Zhisheng, et al.地點/Location: 華南理工大學(xué)/SCUT

用地面積/Site Area: 5100m2

建筑面積/Floor Area: 2600m2

設(shè)計時間/Design Period: 2004-2015

攝影/Photos: 陳堯/CHEN Yao

2 概念分析/Conceptual analysis

3 工作室所在地原狀/Original state

He Jingtang studio was rebuilt upon the restoration of a group of old buildings, located in the campus of South China University of Technology. It was the original residential area of the professors at the time of the former Zhongshan University. In its complete set of street blocks, the north is a row of six single-story pitched-roof villas built in 1930, while the south is a row of four two-story duplex villas built in late 1970s. Long in disrepair, these buildings are dilapidated with parts collapsed into dangerous buildings. Since 2004, after four phases of incremental renovation, the historic street block gradually turned into an architecture studio characteristic of the South Five Ridges area. Full of vigor and vitality, it created both a cultured innovation base for the campus, and a natural, humanized public venue for the community.

Over the years, our design philosophy is to seek regional basis for exploring innovative points, to refine and sublimate culturally and combine them with modern technology and concepts, to accord with the integrity of space and continuity of time, and to strive to create a work in harmony with region, culture and age. Academician He Jingtang abstracted these ideas into the theory of "two views and three natures". It serves as both the principle and methodology of architectural design.

As for the details of the project, we regarded the old buildings as organic life, seeking the basis and strategy of transformation from historical, cultural, local and functional spaces. Comprehensively we took the "overall concept" and "ecological view", drawing upon garden design in traditional buildings of the South Five Ridges area, and, taking advantage of the scattered terrain, we brought new orders and features to the site through gardening. In dealing with the relationship between the old and new buildings, we retained the profile of the old buildings, restructured interior space according to new functional requirements, increased columns, ring beams and other quakeproof structural measures, and restored the old to its original appearance. As for the new additions, we adopted reversible light steel structure, disconnected the joint with the old buildings but used connecting body as transition. Where style is concerned, steel and glass is adopted to give the structure a modern look, while the juxtaposition of the old and new create a well-proportioned, harmonious space.

In renovation of the group of old buildings, they were no longer treated as just as historical relics and specimens, but a means to maintain and reconstruct the interaction between the buildings and people. We showed great respect for the regional environment, climate and culture of the South Five Ridges areas, emphasized the epochal character in stimulating new vitality out of old building and integrating traditional and modern life. We also adopted a cultural approach by absorbing traditional gardening concepts of the South Five Ridges areas to create modern gardens.

4 首層平面/Floor 0 plan

5 庭園空間/Courtyard

6 屋頂綠植/Plants above the roof

7 連橋/Bridge

A large number of influential landmark buildings have been created here, such as: China Pavilion in the World Expo 2010 Shanghai, Expansion Project of Memorial Hall of Victims of Nanjing Massacre by Japanese Invaders, Tianjin Museum, Epicenter Memorial Hall in YinXiu, Qian Xuesen Library, and Hengqin Island New Campus of the University of Macau. As the words engraved on the wall of the studio lobby express, "we came here to create and stayed to create better works". The gradual renewal and renovation of the group of old buildings not only embody the design concepts and core value that the creative team has adhered to and implemented in practice, but also attest to the exploration and achievements of the architectural practice of He Jingtang studio in recent years. The studio is an inspiring modern garden in the South Five Ridges areas and the common homeland of our designers. In 2014, the studio was selected as a national base for popular science education by the Architectural Society of China. We hope to use this platform to exchange and explore architectural design ideas with fellow architects.

8 接待室、魚池與樹/Reception room, fish pond and tree

評論

戴春：這個建筑更新設(shè)計以順應(yīng)嶺南亞熱帶氣候特征結(jié)合空間需求為主線，弱化形式上的訴求，有機延續(xù)了近代嶺南建筑師楊錫宗設(shè)計的原有歷史建筑布局自由、結(jié)合地形、自然錯落的空間特質(zhì)，將工作室空間功能與之結(jié)合自然有效，亦很適合以項目為中心的工作室運作模式。另外，嶺南建筑“順堂順巷而貫”的通風(fēng)策略在該空間小氣候的營造中令人印象深刻，無論是建筑間的通透式連廊，還是庭院中加建部分對風(fēng)道的配合，以及各個工作空間之間設(shè)置東南向的開口，都有利于夏季穿堂風(fēng)的形成；由此而形成的連廊與庭院，以及屋頂平臺，比較自然地形成了一系列可供自由交流的空間，是設(shè)計工作室非常積極的空間。

范路：改造自歷史街塊及其舊建筑的何鏡堂院士工作室，堪稱新式嶺南庭園和創(chuàng)意文化基地的經(jīng)典。借鑒傳統(tǒng)嶺南庭園的景觀設(shè)計，不僅尊重了當(dāng)?shù)氐臍夂颦h(huán)境，還為場地和新舊建筑確立了新的空間秩序。由此，場地庭園、歷史建筑、新加入的共享模塊和聯(lián)系空間等各類建筑要素，邏輯清晰地組織在一起，形成了歷史、文化、場地、功能、氣候和環(huán)境的高度整合。而舊建筑和街區(qū)被激發(fā)出新活力，融入現(xiàn)代生活，成為產(chǎn)生創(chuàng)新靈感的設(shè)計師之家。

9 新舊建筑之間的過渡/Transition between new and old building

10 室內(nèi)/Interior view

Comments

DAI Chun: In line with the spatial demand, The building renewed its design to mainly comply with the subtropical climate of Lingnan. Focusing less on the form than ever, it organically inherits the original layout of the building designed by modern Lingnan architect Yang Xizong, which is terrain-based, flexible, natural, yet well-spaced. It is both natural and effective to incorporate these spatial characteristics into the spatial function of the studio, suitable for project-based studio operation modes. Besides, the ventilation strategy of Lingnan architecture, "let the wind go through the buildings and lanes", creates an impressive small climate for this space. Be it permeable corridors between buildings, courtyard additions in response to air channels, or southeastward openings set between working spaces, all of them are conducive to the summer ventilation within building complexes. In this way, the corridors, courtyards, and roof patios are naturally shaped into a series of spaces for free exchange, which can be very active spaces of the design studio.

FAN Lu: The studio of Academician HE Jingtang, a renovation project of a street block with its old buildings, can be regarded as a new canon of Lingnan garden and creative culture base. the landscape design, inspired by traditional Lingnan gardens, not only shows regards for local climate, but also provides a spatial order for the site, old buildings and additions. Therefore, different kinds of architectural elements - gardens, historical buildings, newly added shared modules and corridors - are logically organized and well articulated, which amounts to a thorough integration of history, culture, site, function, climate and environment. In conclusion, old buildings and the street block are animated, fitting in with modern life and transformed into a designers' home for innovative ideas.

He Jingtang Studio, Guangzhou, China, 2015

Architects: He Jingtang Studio of Architectural Design & Research Institute of SCUT