銅與稀硝酸的反應改進實驗
方嘉敏衷明華
(韓山師范學院化學系,廣東 潮州 521041)
摘要:由于銅與濃、稀硝酸的反應具有一定的危險性,故人教版高中化學必修I并沒有要求學生做此實驗,銅與稀硝酸的實驗裝置和操作步驟都比較復雜,本文對銅與稀硝酸的反應實驗進行改進,采用微型實驗便于教師演示和學生自己實驗,根據(jù)每一步的實驗現(xiàn)象引導學生思考,培養(yǎng)學生的實驗探究能力。
關鍵詞:銅與稀硝酸的反應微型實驗高中化學注射器氫氧化鈉溶液
3Cu+8HNO3=3Cu(NO3)2+NO↑+4H2O
2NO+O2=2NO2
Cu(NO3)2+2NaOH=Cu(OH)2↓+2NaNO3
1、實驗儀器及實驗藥品
(1)藥品:銅片、稀硝酸、NaOH溶液。
(2)儀器:注射器、小燒杯。
2、操作步驟:
(1)往針筒注射器里加入幾片銅片,再吸取20ml左右稀硝酸溶液;
(2)待銅片完全溶解后,把注射器倒立吸入空氣;
(3)反應完畢后,把注射器插入稀NaOH溶液中做尾氣處理。
3、實驗現(xiàn)象
(1)銅片溶解后吸入空氣后氣體會變成棕紅色;
(2)反應完畢注射器插入稀NaOH溶液中會有藍色沉淀產(chǎn)生。
4、實驗裝置
圖 實驗裝置
(1)采用微型實驗,實驗藥品用量少,環(huán)保且安全,實驗現(xiàn)象明顯;
(2)實驗儀器簡單,實驗時間較短,現(xiàn)象明顯,適合教師在課堂上做演示實驗,也適合學生自主進行實驗;
(3)尾氣得到處理,達到了綠色化學的理念。
Copper and dilute nitric acid reaction to improve the experiment
FANG Jia-minZHONG Ming-hua
(HanshanNomalUniversity,GuangdongChaozhou521041)
Abstract:Due to the copper and thick,thin nitric acid reaction has a certain risk,a friend of chemistry for high schools required did not require students to do the experiment,along with all the copper with dilute nitric acid experiment device and steps are complex,in this paper,the copper with dilute nitric acid reaction experiment was improved,using micro experiment is advantageous for the demonstration of the teachers and students themselves,according to guide the students to think about every step of the experiment phenomena,develop the students’ ability of experiment to explore.
Key Words:Copper with dilute nitric acid reactionmicro experimentalhigh school chemistrysyringesodium hydroxide solution