建筑設(shè)計(jì)：?jiǎn)诬姡瑒⒂颀?清華大學(xué)建筑學(xué)院，清華大學(xué)建筑設(shè)計(jì)研究院

中國(guó)商務(wù)部駐印尼商務(wù)館舍，雅加達(dá)，印度尼西亞

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：?jiǎn)诬?，劉玉?清華大學(xué)建筑學(xué)院，清華大學(xué)建筑設(shè)計(jì)研究院

1 屋頂合院/Courtyard on roof

近年，隨著中國(guó)對(duì)外經(jīng)貿(mào)合作的深入發(fā)展和對(duì)外業(yè)務(wù)的不斷增長(zhǎng)，中國(guó)商務(wù)部駐世界各地的商務(wù)處面臨著新問(wèn)題：使用上辦公面積的不足和形象上作為中國(guó)對(duì)外窗口的缺席。在這一背景下，2007年，中國(guó)商務(wù)部委托清華大學(xué)建筑學(xué)院和建筑設(shè)計(jì)研究院進(jìn)行商務(wù)部駐印尼商務(wù)館舍的設(shè)計(jì)工作，以擴(kuò)大辦公空間、樹(shù)立對(duì)外形象。為此，設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)進(jìn)行了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)考察，并與大雅加達(dá)地區(qū)的規(guī)劃管理部門(mén)進(jìn)行了溝通。

雖然項(xiàng)目總面積只有3000多m2，但因?yàn)樯婕暗疆?dāng)?shù)匾?guī)劃法規(guī)等問(wèn)題，設(shè)計(jì)和建造歷時(shí)長(zhǎng)達(dá)7年，于2014年8月建成并投入使用。該項(xiàng)目地段位于印尼首都雅加達(dá)南區(qū)的核心區(qū)，東臨中國(guó)大使館、南臨大使官邸，西側(cè)為低層居住建筑，東北和東南方向則多為高層公寓和酒店。地段用地南北長(zhǎng)約65m，東西寬約49m，東側(cè)設(shè)主入口。

設(shè)計(jì)始于對(duì)該項(xiàng)目“飛地”特征的思考，并將對(duì)飛地建筑雙重地域性的表達(dá)貫穿于設(shè)計(jì)始終，即：作為建在他處的境外建筑，如何使建筑在契合建造地點(diǎn)“彼地”真實(shí)的異域氣候環(huán)境特征的同時(shí)，展現(xiàn)具有所屬?lài)?guó)家與地區(qū)“此地”意義上的本土文化精神。

“彼地”（異地）的氣候與環(huán)境特征表達(dá)：項(xiàng)目包含辦公和居住兩個(gè)主要功能，設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù)地段周?chē)鞘协h(huán)境特征，采用了“館”與“舍”分置的錯(cuò)落布局，在保持與大使館協(xié)調(diào)的同時(shí)，形成了介于高層酒店和低層民宅之間尺度的“中間”城市景觀。館舍屋頂格柵和北立面可滑動(dòng)的遮陽(yáng)板（因地處南半球，住宅樓北立面為受陽(yáng)面，共設(shè)計(jì)了128塊遮陽(yáng)板，其中可滑動(dòng)遮陽(yáng)板48塊），則分別體現(xiàn)了適應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)貧夂驐l件的“雙層屋頂”和雙層立面的理念，它們?cè)谡诒萎?dāng)?shù)貜?qiáng)烈日照的同時(shí)，又保證了辦公與居住活動(dòng)的私密性。

“此地”（本土）的文化與精神氣質(zhì)表達(dá)：設(shè)計(jì)力圖在不同的層次上表達(dá)出中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化和當(dāng)代精神。辦公樓入口雨棚、窗格及門(mén)廳天窗是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)意象的直接體現(xiàn)，而入口窄院和屋頂回廊與北面住宅形成半圍合空間，則是對(duì)中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)院落空間意象和內(nèi)涵的抽象式表達(dá)和意境式再現(xiàn)。建筑中可變遮陽(yáng)板形成的豐富光影變化所傳遞出的形式不確定性和多樣性，則隱喻地展現(xiàn)了當(dāng)代中國(guó)開(kāi)放與多元的文化主題和精神氣質(zhì)。

“此地”“彼地”作為設(shè)計(jì)理念不僅體現(xiàn)在設(shè)計(jì)中，也作為現(xiàn)實(shí)條件自始至終貫穿于項(xiàng)目的實(shí)現(xiàn)過(guò)程中。例如，外墻遮陽(yáng)板原設(shè)計(jì)采用當(dāng)?shù)氐哪静?，但由于建筑作為中?guó)對(duì)外窗口的形象需滿(mǎn)足持久性要求，改為了金屬板；入口大門(mén)設(shè)計(jì)從安全性考慮設(shè)計(jì)為非透空形式，因?yàn)檠偶舆_(dá)當(dāng)?shù)氐囊?guī)劃要求而變更為上虛下實(shí)的漸變式鏤空方案等等。因此，境外建筑設(shè)計(jì)，除了要考慮本土和異地之間共性的契合，也要考慮其相互間差異性的平衡，因而是一種典型的“此地”與“彼地”之間互動(dòng)式設(shè)計(jì)與建造過(guò)程。

In recent years, under the development of China's international trade and economic cooperation and rapid increase of overseas business, the office buildings of Chinese Ministry of Commerce worldwide are faced with new challenges, including a shortage of office space and a lack of national image as a window for China towards the outside world. In 2007, Tsinghua Architectural Design and Research Institute was appointed by Chinese Ministry of Commerce to design its office building in Indonesia, with goals to expand working space and to create a positive national image. Therefore, the design team carried out an on-site investigation and communicated with the urban planning administration in Jakarta, Indonesia.

Although the total area of the project is only around 3000 square meters, it went through as long as 7 years from design to completion due to measures taken to comply with the local planning laws and regulations. It was finally completed in August, 2014, and put into use. The Office Building of Chinese Ministry of Commerce in Indonesia is located in the central area of the capital city of Jakarta. The project site is 65 meters long from north to south and 49 meters wide from east to west, with the main entrance on the east side. The Embassy of the People's Republic of China sits to the east and the ambassador's residence to the south. On the west, there are low-story residential buildings, with high-rise apartments and hotels to the northeast and southeast.

The design was initiated upon contemplation of the nature of the project as "an exclave". The expression of the twofold meaning of an exclave's regionality is carried out through the entire design process, i.e., located overseas, the architecture shall adapt to the local climate and environment that is distinctively "Right There"; meanwhile, it shall also represent the culture and spirit of its homeland that is "Right Here".

"Right There"－Representation of climate and environment in the foreign place: the project is composed of two functions, namely office and dwelling. Responding to the surrounding city context, the design separates the above two functions in a distributed layout, which is in harmony with the original Embassy building and forms a middle-scaled urban landscape between the high-rise hotels and the low-story residential buildings. Double layered roof with grille and double layered facade with sunshades are designed to adapt to local climate while ensuring privacy for working and living space. Since the project is located in the Southern Hemisphere, so the north facade is exposed to the sun. We designed a total of 128 shading panels, 48 of which are sliding panels.

"Right Here"－Representation of culture and spirit in the homeland: the design aims to reveal Chinese traditional cultures and contemporary spiritual quality in different aspects. The entrance canopy, windowpanes and hallway skylight are embodied with traditional Chinese patterns. The reinterpretation of Chinese traditional courtyard space and its connotation are best expressed in the entrance "Zhaiyuan" (a narrow courtyard), as well as the semi-enclosed space surrounded by corridors on the roof and residential space to the north. Additionally, the unpredictability and diversity of the building form expressed through richly changing light and shadows created by sliding sunshadesimply the open and diversified culture and spirit of contemporary China

3 總平面/Site plan

4 辦公樓與宿舍間的內(nèi)庭院/Courtyard between the office building and dormitory

The concept of "Right Here" and "Right There" is not only expressed in the final design, but also adopted as realities through the entire process from design to completion. For instance, local timber was initially specified for exterior sunshades, but was eventually replaced by metal to fulfill the demand of presenting a more enduring image of the Chinese government. The main gate was originally designed as semi-solid due to safety concerns, but was changed to a upper-hallow lower-solid gate because of requirements of the local planning regulations. Above all, architecture design at exclaves shall not only synthesize the duality of "Right Here" and "Right There", but also balance their differences. As such, it becomes a typical interactive design and construction process between "Right Here" and "Right There".

5 首層平面/Floor 0 plan

6 三層平面/Floor 2 plan

7 四層平面/Floor 3 plan

8 辦公樓入口窄院/Entrance of the office building

9 南立面/South elevation

10 東立面/East elevation

11 從辦公樓屋頂合院門(mén)廊看宿舍/View of the dormitory from the courtyard on the roof of office building

12.13 雙層立面圖示/Diagram, double-layer facade

評(píng)論

王昀：中國(guó)商務(wù)部駐印尼商務(wù)館舍的設(shè)計(jì)從當(dāng)?shù)氐臍夂蛉胧?，選取擁有遮陽(yáng)功能的可移動(dòng)遮陽(yáng)窗板作為“本土”文化的聯(lián)想觸發(fā)裝置，巧妙地避開(kāi)了“裝飾性面板”的困擾。遮陽(yáng)窗板的可推拉與變換性，增加了建筑本身的裝置性特征。而從西南角鳥(niǎo)瞰該商務(wù)館舍與其周邊的幾棟“過(guò)往”建筑，感受到隨時(shí)代而變化著的關(guān)于如何表述“中國(guó)”的思考 。

青鋒：在羅安達(dá)美國(guó)領(lǐng)事館的設(shè)計(jì)中，路易?康出于光照與氣候的考慮采用了雙層墻面與雙層屋頂?shù)脑O(shè)計(jì)，這成為他后期的標(biāo)志性語(yǔ)匯。面對(duì)類(lèi)似的條件，商務(wù)部駐印尼商務(wù)館舍對(duì)類(lèi)似策略的使用卻還有另外一種文化層面——中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)建筑界面中由窗格、挑檐、回廊構(gòu)建的過(guò)渡領(lǐng)域。它使建筑原本堅(jiān)硬方整的邊界具備了更大的縱深與文化內(nèi)涵。

14 宿舍樓雙層立面/Double-layer facade of the dormitory

15 辦公樓雙層屋面/Double-layer roof, office building

16 雙層屋面圖示/Diagram, double-layer roof

17 剖面/Section

Comments

WANG Yun: The design of the Office Building of the Ministry of Commerce of China in Indonesia is based on analysis of the local climate. The installation of sliding shade panels as the trigger to remind people of "local" culture, avoids problems caused by the "decorative panel" in a delicate way. The movable and changeable nature of the shade panels adds the assembling characteristics to the architecture. Overlooking from the southwest towards the new building and the nearby "original" buildings, one can see the changing representations of the "Chinese" character as time goes by.

QING Feng: Louis Kahn used double-layer roof and double-layer wall in his design for the United States Consulate in Luanda, Angola, to prevent the extreme heat and sunshine. This motif became dominant in his later works. Similar conditions led to similar solutions in this project. Besides these climate considerations, there is another cultural dimension – the transitional area in traditional Chinese architectural interface created by window lattice, extended eave and open corridor. It clearly softens the rigid volume of the building, and gives it an additional depth and cultural meaning.

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

客戶(hù)/Client: 中華人民共和國(guó)商務(wù)部/Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China

主持建筑師/Principal Architects：?jiǎn)诬姡瑒⒂颀?SHAN Jun, LIU Yulong

建筑設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Project Team: 鐵雷，王育娟，趙瞳，孫顯，程曉曦，吳艷，王鑫，康茜，王飛/TIE Lei, WANG Yujuan, ZHAO Tong, SUN Xian, CHENG Xiaoxi, WU Yan, WANG Xin, KANG Qian, WANG Fei

建設(shè)單位/Contractor: 北京城建集團(tuán)有限責(zé)任公司/Beijing Urban Construction Group Co. Ltd

建筑面積/Floor Area: 3160m2

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Period: 2007-2012

攝影/Photos: 鐵雷/TIE Lei

Office Building of Chinese Ministry of Commerce in Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia, 2014

Architects: SHAN Jun, LIU Yulong/Tsinghua Architecture School, Architectural Design & Research Institute of Tsinghua University