郭霞
(陜西省延安市人民醫(yī)院,陜西延安716000)
郭霞
(陜西省延安市人民醫(yī)院,陜西延安716000)
目的比較氟馬西尼與納洛酮搶救苯二氮類藥物急性中毒的臨床療效。方法選取2012年3月至2015年1月收治的急性苯二氮類藥物中毒患者120例,隨機(jī)分為觀察組和對照組,各60例。兩組患者均給予常規(guī)維生素C解毒、洗胃、導(dǎo)瀉,抗生素和速尿利尿治療,觀察組患者加用氟馬西尼,對照組患者加用納洛酮。結(jié)果治療后30 min和1,4,24 h,觀察組患者的催醒效果明顯優(yōu)于對照組(P<0.05);兩組患者的昏迷程度評分比較,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);觀察組患者的用藥劑量明顯少于對照組患者,平均意識恢復(fù)時間和住院時間均明顯短于對照組患者,所用費用明顯少于對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);觀察組總有效率為98.33%,高于對照組的85.00%(P<0.05);兩組患者均未出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重不良反應(yīng)。結(jié)論在搶救苯二氮類藥物急性中毒患者時,氟馬西尼的催醒效果和催醒速度要優(yōu)于納洛酮,且縮短了患者的住院時間,減少了住院費用,值得臨床推廣。
氟馬西尼;納洛酮;苯二氮類藥物;急性中毒
1.1 一般資料
1.2 方法
對兩組患者均給予常規(guī)的維生素C解毒、洗胃、導(dǎo)瀉、抗生素和速尿利尿治療;對照組患者加用鹽酸納洛酮注射液(成都苑東藥業(yè)有限公司,國藥準(zhǔn)字H20061213,規(guī)格為每支0.4 mg)0.8 mg靜脈注射,30 min后改為0.4 mg,根據(jù)患者的昏迷程度改為每小時1次或每2小時1次;觀察組患者加用氟馬西尼注射液(海南通用康力制藥有限公司,國藥準(zhǔn)字H20058945,規(guī)格為每支10 mL∶0.1 mg)0.25 mg靜脈注射,待患者意識清醒后停止注射,若患者清醒后再度昏迷或未清醒,則繼續(xù)用0.25~0.5 mg氟馬西尼加5%葡萄糖注射液100 mL,并以10~15 mL/h的速度維持注射。嚴(yán)格按醫(yī)囑,定時給患者推藥。按照昏迷患者的常規(guī)護(hù)理方法進(jìn)行護(hù)理,及時洗胃,并保持患者呼吸道通暢,每小時給患者進(jìn)行1次翻身。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)及療效判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[5-6]
觀察患者治療后30 min和1,4,24 h的清醒情況,患者的用藥劑量、平均意識恢復(fù)時間、住院時間和費用,評價療效。使用Glasgow-Pitturgh昏迷量表評分法,對患者的昏迷程度進(jìn)行評判。輕度昏迷:28~35分;深昏迷:7分;重度昏迷:低于7分。治愈:患者臨床癥狀、體征消失,并于2 h內(nèi)意識完全恢復(fù)正常;好轉(zhuǎn):患者臨床癥狀、體征明顯改善,并于10 h內(nèi)意識完全恢復(fù);無效:患者臨床癥狀、體征較治療前無變化,且超過10 h意識障礙無改善??傆行?治愈+好轉(zhuǎn)。
1.4 統(tǒng)計學(xué)處理
對照組中,首次注射0.8 mg納洛酮后,有3例患者的神志開始清醒,可正確回答問題;剩余57例患者經(jīng)維持靜脈注射后,在3 d內(nèi)逐漸恢復(fù)清醒。觀察組中,首次注射0.25 mg氟馬西尼后,有25例患者的神志開始清醒,可正確回答問題;15例患者出現(xiàn)高度興奮的癥狀,經(jīng)醫(yī)護(hù)人員進(jìn)行心理治療后癥狀有所緩解;剩余20例患者經(jīng)維持靜脈注射后,全部在2 h內(nèi)喚醒。治療后30 min和1,4,24 h,觀察組的催醒效果要明顯優(yōu)于對照組(t= 10.282,16.135,24.780,6.359,P<0.05)。結(jié)果見表1至表3。治療過程中,兩組患者均未出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重不良反應(yīng)。
表1 兩組患者昏迷程度評分比較(±s,分,n=60)
表1 兩組患者昏迷程度評分比較(±s,分,n=60)
組別觀察組對照組t值P治療前7.82±1.41 8.10±1.50 -1.054>0.05治療后30 min 17.52±2.81 12.51±2.52 10.282<0.01治療后1 h 22.31±3.42 12.82±3.01 16.135<0.01治療后4 h 25.51±1.83 13.55±3.26 24.780<0.01治療后24 h 32.37±2.05 30.22±1.63 6.359<0.01
表2 兩組患者用藥劑量和住院時間等指標(biāo)比較(±s,n=60)
表2 兩組患者用藥劑量和住院時間等指標(biāo)比較(±s,n=60)
組別觀察組對照組t值P劑量(mg)2.50±1.00 3.20±2.40 -2.085<0.05意識恢復(fù)時間(h)7.52±4.71 15.81±4.93 -9.418<0.01住院時間(d)2.31±1.42 3.53±1.55 -4.496<0.01費用(元)3 000.00±1 500.00 2 000.00±1 500.00 3.651<0.01
表3 兩組患者臨床療效比較[例(%),n=60]
苯二氮類藥物通過抑制突觸效應(yīng)和增強(qiáng)γ-氨基丁酸的神經(jīng)功能,發(fā)揮抗驚厥、抗焦慮、鎮(zhèn)靜催眠等作用,許多自殺傾向的患者常過度使用該藥物,造成急性中毒,引起昏迷等,嚴(yán)重者會死亡[8]。納洛酮為特異性阿片受體拮抗劑,能降低由β內(nèi)啡肽上升導(dǎo)致的缺氧、缺血性腦水腫,從而促進(jìn)患者的覺醒[7];同時,還能對抗γ-氨基丁酸,使抑制性神經(jīng)元的興奮性降低,促使大腦皮層覺醒。其常用于多種急性中毒,但在搶救苯二氮類藥物中毒時,特異性不佳,故有必要探索更有效的藥物。氟馬西尼對苯二氮類藥物具有競爭性抑制作用,通過與特異性受體結(jié)合,降低受體的活性,關(guān)閉氯離子通道,同時降低γ-氨基丁酸的釋放,解除抑制性突觸后電位,使昏迷患者蘇醒[9]。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,治療后30 min和1,4,24 h,觀察組的催醒效果明顯優(yōu)于對照組,用藥劑量明顯少于對照組患者,平均意識恢復(fù)時間和住院時間明顯短于對照組患者,治療費用相對更低,治療總有效率顯著高于對照組,且安全性好。
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Comparison between Flumazenil and Naloxone for Treating Acute Poisoning Caused by Benzodiazepine
Guo Xia
(Yan′an Municipal People′s Hospital,Yan′an,Shaanxi,China716000)
ObjectiveTo compare the clinical effect of flumazenil and naloxone in treating acute poisoning of benzodiazepine.Methods Totally 120 patients with acute poisoning caused by benzodiazepine admitted to the hospital from March 2012 to 2015 March were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group,60 cases in each group.The two groups were given vitamin C detoxification,gastric lavage,catharsis,antibiotics and furosemide diuresis therapy.On this basis,the observation group was given flumazenil,the control group was given naloxone.ResultsAfter the treatment of 30 min and 1,4,24 h,the wakening effects of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05);the Glasgow coma score between the two groups had statistical difference(P<0.05);the drug dosage in the observation group were significantly less than that of the control group,the average consciousness recovery time and hospitalization time were significantly shorter than that of the control group,and the costs was significantly less than that of the control group(P<0.05);the total effective rate of the observation group was 98.33%;which was significantly higher than 85.00%of the control group(P<0.05).No serious adverse reaction occurred in the two groups.ConclusionIn the rescue of benzodiazepine drugs in patients with acute poisoning,the reminder wake effect and push up speed of flumazenil is superior to that of naloxone,and it can reduce hospitalization expense,shorten the hospitalization time,it is worthy of clinical promotin.
flumazenil;naloxone;benzodiazepine;acute poisoning
R969.4;R971+.2
A
1006-4931(2015)20-0068-02
2015-03-28)