張曉榮等
[摘要] 目的 探討梅毒性心臟病的臨床特點(diǎn)及治療。 方法 回顧性分析2014年3~9月南京醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬南京醫(yī)院心臟內(nèi)科收治的2例伴有癥狀的梅毒性心臟病患者臨床資料,并結(jié)合文獻(xiàn)討論分析。 結(jié)果 本組梅毒性心臟病中,男性患者為梅毒性冠狀動(dòng)脈口狹窄,女性患者為梅毒性主動(dòng)脈關(guān)閉不全。結(jié)合病情程度不同,男性患者給予水劑青霉素治療,女性給予長(zhǎng)效青霉素治療;2例患者治療后臨床癥狀均有明顯改善。血清學(xué)隨訪3、6個(gè)月,兩者梅毒螺旋體血清膠體凝集試驗(yàn)均為陽(yáng)性,男性病例甲苯胺紅試驗(yàn)(TRUST)陰性,女性病例TRUST為1∶1。 結(jié)論 影像學(xué)檢查對(duì)梅毒性心臟病的早期診斷有積極的提示作用,青霉素治療有效。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 梅毒性心臟??;臨床表現(xiàn);診斷;治療
[中圖分類號(hào)] R377.1 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1673-7210(2015)10(a)-0043-04
Clinical characteristics and treatment of two cases of syphilitic heart disease
ZHANG Xiaorong1 CHEN Wenqi MA Xiaowu2
1.Department of Cardiac Ultrasonography, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210006, China; 2.Department of Dermatology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210006, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the clinical features and therapy of syphilitic heart disease. Methods Clinical data of 2 patients with syphilitic heart disease accompanied by symptoms from March to September 2014 in Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University were retrospectively analyzed combined with literature. Results Among the 2 cases of syphilitic heart disease, the male patient was diagnosed with syphilitic coronary artery stenosis, and the female patient was diagnosed with syphilitic aortic regurgitation. The male patient was treated with aqueous penicillin and the female patient was treated with long-acting penicillin according the different severity of diseases. After treatment, clinical symptoms of two patients were significantly improved. Within 3 and 6 months for serological follow-up, their treponema pallidum serum colloid agglutination test (TPPA) were positive; the toluidine red test (TRUST) of the male patient was negative and TRUST of the female patient was 1∶1. Conclusion The imageological examination has a positive effect prompt on the early diagnosis of syphilitic heart disease, penicillin therapy is effective.
[Key words] Syphilitic heart disease; Clinical manifestation; Diagnosis; Treatment
梅毒是一種由蒼白螺旋體(Treponem a pallidum,TP)感染引起的,主要經(jīng)性行為傳播的慢性疾病,人類是TP的唯一自然宿主。它的基本病理?yè)p害為血管炎,根據(jù)病情發(fā)展可分為一、二、三期。如不及時(shí)治療,轉(zhuǎn)為晚期梅毒,導(dǎo)致多系統(tǒng)病變而出現(xiàn)不可逆損害。晚期梅毒可使任何一個(gè)內(nèi)臟受累,其中以心血管梅毒最為常見。有文獻(xiàn)統(tǒng)計(jì)發(fā)現(xiàn)有10%~30%沒有經(jīng)過規(guī)范化診斷治療的梅毒患者最終可發(fā)生心血管梅毒病變[1]。因該病較為隱匿,臨床醫(yī)生的重視程度不夠,經(jīng)常會(huì)造成漏診和誤診。為探討梅毒性心臟病的臨床特點(diǎn),現(xiàn)對(duì)南京醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬南京醫(yī)院(以下簡(jiǎn)稱“我院”)2014年收治的2例伴有癥狀的梅毒性心臟病患者的臨床資料進(jìn)行分析并對(duì)相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí)。
1 病例資料
1.1 病例一
患者男,51歲,農(nóng)民。2014年9月以“冠心病”收住我院心血管內(nèi)科,有多次冶游史。10年前曾因腿部潰爛(具體不詳)在外院行梅毒血清學(xué)試驗(yàn),確診為梅毒,行長(zhǎng)效青霉素肌內(nèi)注射,每周1次,連續(xù)3周,治療后沒有進(jìn)行隨訪。1年前因突發(fā)心前區(qū)疼痛行冠狀動(dòng)脈介入(PCI)手術(shù),1個(gè)月前再發(fā)胸痛,胸痛多發(fā)生在活動(dòng)后,一般數(shù)分鐘后緩解,但發(fā)作頻繁。既往有“高血壓、糖尿病”史,否認(rèn)肝炎、結(jié)核及其他自身免疫性疾病,否認(rèn)手術(shù)輸血史。心臟檢查示心律齊,二尖瓣聽診區(qū)可聞及3/6收縮期雜音(SM),周圍血管征陰性,雙下肢無水腫。神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)檢查未發(fā)現(xiàn)異常。在行梅毒螺旋體酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)(TP-ELISA)篩查陽(yáng)性后,復(fù)檢梅毒血清學(xué)檢查示:甲苯胺紅試驗(yàn)(TRUST)陰性,梅毒螺旋體血清膠體凝集試驗(yàn)(TPPA)陽(yáng)性,人類免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)抗體試驗(yàn)陰性?;颊咝募∶赣胁煌潭鹊纳撸绕涫橇姿峒∷峒っ讣凹♀}蛋白T上升明顯。影像學(xué)檢查方面,冠狀動(dòng)脈造影示左前降支開口95%狹窄,回旋支開口95%狹窄;心臟超聲示左房左室增大,二尖瓣中-重度關(guān)閉不全,主動(dòng)脈瓣輕度關(guān)閉不全,左室收縮功能降低。患者拒絕進(jìn)行腦脊液穿刺檢查。行PCI疏通狹窄冠狀動(dòng)脈后,待病情穩(wěn)定予以驅(qū)梅治療??紤]到該患者雖目前沒有神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)癥狀,但其病程較長(zhǎng),不能排除神經(jīng)梅毒可能,遂予口服小劑量潑尼松3 d后采用水劑青霉素從小劑量開始治療,治療期間未發(fā)生明顯的吉海反應(yīng),順利完成整個(gè)療程。治療后3個(gè)月和6個(gè)月進(jìn)行梅毒血清學(xué)隨訪保持TRUST陰性,TPPA陽(yáng)性,胸痛癥狀有所緩解,目前仍在隨訪期內(nèi)。