田福玲,李 旗,崔建美,馬樹祥,王洪彬,李雪青
·中醫(yī)·中西醫(yī)結(jié)合研究·
小兒推拿療法在小兒支氣管哮喘慢性持續(xù)期的作用機(jī)制和治療效果研究
田福玲,李 旗,崔建美,馬樹祥,王洪彬,李雪青
目的 探討小兒推拿療法在小兒支氣管哮喘 (哮喘)慢性持續(xù)期的相應(yīng)作用機(jī)制和臨床治療效果。方法 選取2010年1月—2012年12月到河北聯(lián)合大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院、廣州醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第五醫(yī)院、江蘇省無錫市第三人民醫(yī)院及黑龍江中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院就診且符合本研究納入及排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的慢性持續(xù)期哮喘患兒 160例,以入選病例隨機(jī)分組方法將其分為治療組和對(duì)照組各80例。對(duì)照組采用常規(guī)霧化治療方法,治療組在常規(guī)霧化治療方法的基礎(chǔ)上應(yīng)用小兒推拿療法,各治療3個(gè)月。分別記錄兩組患兒治療前后的哮喘發(fā)作次數(shù)、呼吸道感染次數(shù)、兒童哮喘控制測(cè)試(C-ACT)評(píng)分及最大呼氣流量 (PEF);取兩組患兒治療前后的外周靜脈血,記錄巨噬細(xì)胞 Toll樣受體 (Toll-like receptors,TLR)中TLR1、TLR2和TLR4的表達(dá)強(qiáng)度。結(jié)果 治療后,治療組患兒的哮喘發(fā)作次數(shù)和呼吸道感染次數(shù)低于對(duì)照組患兒,C-ACT評(píng)分和 PEF% (PEF%=PEF實(shí)測(cè)值/PEF預(yù)計(jì)值 ×100%)高于對(duì)照組患兒,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義 (P<0.05);治療后,兩組患兒的臨床療效比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義 (P<0.05);治療后,治療組患兒外周靜脈血巨噬細(xì)胞 TLR1、TLR2和 TLR4的表達(dá)熒光強(qiáng)度高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義 (P<0.05)。結(jié)論 小兒推拿療法在小兒哮喘慢性持續(xù)期有一定的臨床治療效果,其可能是通過上調(diào)巨噬細(xì)胞TLR1、TLR2和 TLR4的表達(dá)水平來改善小兒哮喘的臨床癥狀。
哮喘;小兒推拿;Toll樣受體;作用機(jī)制;治療結(jié)果
田福玲,李旗,崔建美,等.小兒推拿療法在小兒支氣管哮喘慢性持續(xù)期的作用機(jī)制和治療效果研究 [J].中國全科醫(yī)學(xué),2015,18(1):105-108.[www.chinagp.net]
Tian FL,Li Q,Cui JM,et al.The action mechanism of massage on pediatric asthma during chronic duration and its therapeutic efficacy[J].Chinese General Practice,2015,18(1):105-108.
支氣管哮喘(哮喘)是小兒的多發(fā)病和常見病,容易受到多種因素影響而呈反復(fù)性發(fā)作,中醫(yī)療法尤其是小兒推拿療法在防治小兒哮喘上發(fā)揮了重要的作用[1-3]。巨噬細(xì)胞 Toll樣受體 (Toll-like receptors,TLR)中 TLR1、TLR2和 TLR4的表達(dá)與哮喘程度密切相關(guān)[4]。本研究通過對(duì)治療組患兒采用常規(guī)療法聯(lián)合小兒推拿療法進(jìn)行治療,記錄其臨床各項(xiàng)檢測(cè)指標(biāo),觀察TLR1、TLR2和TLR4的表達(dá)強(qiáng)度變化,來探究小兒推拿療法在防治小兒哮喘中的作用機(jī)制和臨床療效。
1.1 一般資料 選取于2010年 1月—2012年 12月到河北省唐山市河北聯(lián)合大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院、廣東省廣州市廣州醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第五醫(yī)院、江蘇省無錫市第三人民醫(yī)院及黑龍江省哈爾濱市黑龍江中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院就診的哮喘慢性持續(xù)期患兒160例,患兒數(shù)分別為35例、46例、38例、41例 (外院病歷資料的收集由本課題組當(dāng)院成員整理獲得)。(1)診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn):參照全國兒科哮喘防治協(xié)作組制定的 《兒童哮喘防治常規(guī)》(試行)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[5],選取病情嚴(yán)重度分級(jí)屬1、2級(jí)者。(2)納入及排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):選擇符合小兒哮喘慢性持續(xù)期診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)且年齡為4 ~10歲的患兒。排除近3個(gè)月使用過糖皮質(zhì)激素治療者;近1個(gè)月內(nèi)有呼吸道感染史,使用抗組胺藥、緩釋茶堿及抗白三烯藥物者;合并心、腦、肝、腎及造血系統(tǒng)等嚴(yán)重原發(fā)性疾病者;未按規(guī)定用藥者[6]。以入選病例隨機(jī)分組方法將研究對(duì)象分為治療組和對(duì)照組各80例。治療過程中,治療組脫落3例,其中無法判定療效2例,失訪1例;對(duì)照組脫落4例,其中違背治療方案2例,失訪1例,資料不全影響療效判定者1例。
1.2 治療方法
1.2.1 對(duì)照組 丙酸倍氯米松氣霧劑 (批準(zhǔn)文號(hào) H37022928,山東京衛(wèi)藥業(yè)),吸入治療,200 μg/次,2次/d,治療 3個(gè)月。
1.2.2 治療組 在對(duì)照組治療的基礎(chǔ)上應(yīng)用小兒推拿:清肺經(jīng),清肝經(jīng),補(bǔ)脾、肺、腎經(jīng)10次/min,15 min/d;逆運(yùn)八卦10次/min,10 min/d;推三 關(guān) (表)、推 六腑 (里)20次/min,100次/d;揉天突穴10次/min,50次/d;揉定喘穴30次/min,150次/d;分推擅中 5次/min,20次/d;揉按乳旁、乳根25次/min,150次/d;揉肺俞穴25次/min,150 次/d;開天門 10次/min,20次/d;推坎宮 10次/min,20 次/d;推太陽10次/min,20次/d。治療3個(gè)月。
1.3 檢測(cè)方法
1.3.1 記錄患兒治療前及治療期間哮喘發(fā)作次數(shù)和呼吸道感染次數(shù);采用兒童哮喘控制測(cè)試 (C-ACT)中文版對(duì)哮喘控制狀況進(jìn)行評(píng)分;采用美國森迪斯公司生產(chǎn)的 Vmax型肺功能儀,按照美國胸腔協(xié)會(huì) (ATS)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行肺功能檢查,每日晝夜記錄最大呼氣流速 (PEF),計(jì)算 PEF%=PEF實(shí)測(cè)值/PEF預(yù)計(jì)值×100%。
1.3.2 外周靜脈血巨噬細(xì)胞 TLR1、TLR2和 TLR4表達(dá)強(qiáng)度的檢測(cè) 分別抽取患兒治療前后清晨空腹肘靜脈血 4 ml,-20℃保存。取300 μl抗凝全血,加濃度為10 mg/L的抗TLR1-PE、抗TLR2-PE、抗TLR4-PE、鼠抗人IgG2a-PE,混勻,室溫避光孵育30 min,經(jīng)甲酸溶血后用流式細(xì)胞儀檢測(cè)。
1.4 療效判定 依據(jù) 《兒童哮喘防治常規(guī)》擬定。臨床控制:哮喘癥狀完全緩解,即使偶有輕度發(fā)作,不需用藥即可緩解,一秒用力吸氣容積 (FEV1)或 PEF增加 >35%,或治療后FEV1或PEF≥80%預(yù)計(jì)值,PEF晝夜變異率 <20%;顯效:哮喘發(fā)作較治療前明顯減輕,F(xiàn)EV1或PEF增加25% ~35%,或治療后FEV1或 PEF達(dá)到60%~79%預(yù)計(jì)值,PEF晝夜變異率 <20%,仍需用糖皮質(zhì)激素或支氣管擴(kuò)張劑;好轉(zhuǎn):哮喘癥狀有所減輕,F(xiàn)EV1或PEF增加 15%~24%,仍需用糖皮質(zhì)激素或支氣管擴(kuò)張劑;無效:臨床癥狀和FEV1或 PEF觀測(cè)值無改善或加重。
1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 采用 SPSS 17.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析,計(jì)量資料以 (±s)表示,同組治療前后比較采用配對(duì)樣本t檢驗(yàn),組間比較采用獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以率表示,采用 χ2檢驗(yàn)或秩和檢驗(yàn);以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 兩組患兒基本情況 兩組患兒性別、平均年齡、平均病程比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義 (P>0.05,見表1)。
2.2 兩組患兒哮喘發(fā)作次數(shù)、呼吸道感染次數(shù)、C-ACT評(píng)分和 PEF%比較 治療后兩組患兒哮喘發(fā)作次數(shù)、呼吸道感染次數(shù)、C-ACT評(píng)分及PEF%與治療前比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義 (P<0.05);治療后治療組哮喘發(fā)作次數(shù)、呼吸道感染次數(shù)、C-ACT評(píng)分和PEF%與對(duì)照組比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05,見表2)。
2.3 兩組患兒臨床療效比較 治療后,兩組患兒臨床療效比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義 (u=5.10,P=0.02,見表3)。
2.4 兩組患兒外周血巨噬細(xì)胞 TLR1、TLR2和 TLR4表達(dá)強(qiáng)度比較 治療后兩組TLR1、TLR2和 TLR4表達(dá)熒光強(qiáng)度與同組治療前比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義 (P<0.05);治療后治療組TLR1、TLR2和TLR4表達(dá)熒光強(qiáng)度與對(duì)照組比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)意義 (P<0.05,見表4)。
表1 兩組患兒的一般情況比較Table 1 Comparison of the basic situation between the two groups
表2 兩組患兒哮喘發(fā)作次數(shù)、呼吸道感染次數(shù)、C-ACT評(píng)分和PEF%比較 (±s)Table 2 Comparison of number of asthma attacks,frequency of respiratory infection,C-ACT score and PEF%between the two groups
表2 兩組患兒哮喘發(fā)作次數(shù)、呼吸道感染次數(shù)、C-ACT評(píng)分和PEF%比較 (±s)Table 2 Comparison of number of asthma attacks,frequency of respiratory infection,C-ACT score and PEF%between the two groups
治療后對(duì)照組 76 2.61±0.64 2.12±0.47* 3.84±0.84 2.56±0.42* 14.67±1.65 17.34±1.87* 68.45±5.23 83.11±9.78組別 例數(shù) 哮喘發(fā)作次數(shù)(次)治療前 治療后治療后 呼吸道感染次數(shù)(次)治療前C-ACT評(píng)分(分)治療前 治療后PEF%治療前*治療組 77 2.58±0.71 1.57±0.54* 3.71±0.77 1.91±0.59* 15.05±1.34 21.56±2.13* 71.67±6.67 91.45±8.60*t值0.22 3.61 0.45 4.05 -0.83 -6.73 -1.94 -2.90 P值0.83 0.00 0.69 0.00 0.42 0.00 0.07 0.01
注:C-ACT=兒童哮喘控制測(cè)試,PEF=最大呼氣流速;與同組治療前比較,*P<0.05
表4 兩組外周血巨噬細(xì)胞TLR1、TLR2、TLR4表達(dá)情況比較 (±s)Table 4 Comparison of eripheral blood macrophages TLR1,TLR2,TLR4 expression between the two groups
表4 兩組外周血巨噬細(xì)胞TLR1、TLR2、TLR4表達(dá)情況比較 (±s)Table 4 Comparison of eripheral blood macrophages TLR1,TLR2,TLR4 expression between the two groups
注:TLR=Toll樣受體;與同組治療前比較,*P<0.05
組別 例數(shù) TLR1治療前治療后對(duì)照組 76 1.23±0.19 1.43±0.18* 1.31±0.22 1.43±0.20* 1.59±0.25 1.68±0.22治療后TLR2治療前 治療后TLR4治療前*治療組 77 1.24±0.20 1.51±0.17* 1.34±0.24 1.54±0.21* 1.54±0.30 1.82±0.24*t值-0.40 -3.74 -0.60 -4.09 0.46 -2.46 P值0.69 0.01 0.56 0.00 0.65 0.03
TLR是新近發(fā)現(xiàn)的固有免疫病原模式識(shí)別受體,可以介導(dǎo)多種免疫細(xì)胞,激活炎性因子,調(diào)節(jié)炎性反應(yīng)[7]。TLR1、TLR2和TLR4表達(dá)于多種炎性細(xì)胞膜上,主要識(shí)別細(xì)菌的胞壁成分或病毒顆粒,LR1可識(shí)別微生物脂肽,TLR2和TLR4可識(shí)別細(xì)菌脂多糖和脂蛋白。TLR2與葡萄球菌的肽聚糖結(jié)合釋放組胺,同時(shí)合成分泌白介素 L(IL)-4、IL-5、IL-6、IL-13和腫瘤壞死因子 (TNF)-α等細(xì)胞因子,介導(dǎo)以TLR2細(xì)胞為主的炎性反應(yīng),加強(qiáng) TLR1型免疫應(yīng)答進(jìn)而控制結(jié)核分枝桿菌的慢性感染。TLR4與革蘭陰性菌的脂多糖結(jié)合會(huì)分泌 TNF、IL-6、IL-13等細(xì)胞因子,進(jìn)而誘導(dǎo)以 TLR1細(xì)胞為主的炎性反應(yīng),有效控制哮喘中固有免疫應(yīng)答所扮演的角 色[8-11]。
哮喘的病因既有外因,也有內(nèi)因。內(nèi)因責(zé)之于肺、脾、腎三臟功能不足,導(dǎo)致痰飲留伏,成為哮喘夙根;外因責(zé)之于感受外邪、接觸異物及嗜食酸咸。哮喘患兒,本為肺、脾、腎三臟不足之身體素質(zhì),病程反復(fù)發(fā)作,導(dǎo)致肺之氣陰耗傷,脾之氣陽受損,腎之陰陽虧虛,因而形成緩解期痰伏留飲不動(dòng)的癥狀。發(fā)作期以邪實(shí)為主,當(dāng)攻邪以治其標(biāo);持續(xù)期虛實(shí)夾雜,當(dāng)扶正以治其本,消除伏痰夙根。傳統(tǒng)的小兒推拿療法依據(jù)哮喘的發(fā)病原因能夠有效地改善患兒體質(zhì)、提高其機(jī)體免疫力,本研究采用推、揉、捏手法,刺激患兒肺經(jīng)、脾經(jīng)及腎經(jīng)上腧穴,以補(bǔ)肺、脾、腎之臟氣,補(bǔ)陽益氣固本,疏通經(jīng)絡(luò),行氣活血,溫化痰飲,消除夙根。小兒推拿在防治小兒哮喘上取得了卓越的療效,針對(duì)小兒哮喘急性發(fā)作期、慢性持續(xù)期和緩解期的不同特點(diǎn)來選取四肢、前胸及頭面部腧穴,必要時(shí)輔以西藥治療。小兒推拿手法輕柔無創(chuàng),無毒副作用,被廣大醫(yī)務(wù)工作者和患兒家長(zhǎng)所認(rèn)同并廣泛運(yùn)用,成為防治小兒哮喘的常用外 治 法之一[12-16]。
本研究運(yùn)用傳統(tǒng)小兒推拿療法對(duì)慢性持續(xù)期哮喘患兒進(jìn)行治療干預(yù),觀察其外周靜脈血巨噬細(xì)胞TLR1、TLR2和TLR4的表達(dá)變化,結(jié)果提示小兒推拿療法治療組的外周血巨噬細(xì)胞TLR1、TLR2和 TLR4的表達(dá)較對(duì)照組高,提示小兒推拿療法可能是通過上調(diào)巨噬細(xì)胞 TLR1、TLR2和 TLR4的表達(dá)水平來改善小兒哮喘的臨床癥狀。小兒哮喘受到諸多炎性細(xì)胞和相關(guān)炎性因子的影響,本研究今后應(yīng)加強(qiáng)對(duì) TLRs表達(dá)變化規(guī)律的探索,尋找小兒推拿防治哮喘的新靶點(diǎn)。
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The Action Mechanism of Massage on Pediatric Asthma during Chronic Duration and Its Therapeutic Efficacy
TIAN Fu-ling,LI Qi,CUI Jian-mei,et al.Traditional Chinese Medicine College in Hebei Associated University,Tangshan 063000,China
Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of massage on Pediatric asthma during chronic duration.Methods From January,2010 to December,2012,160 asthmatic children according to the diagnostic criteria were recruited from the Affiliated Hospital,Hebei Associated University and the First Affiliated Hospital,Guangzhou Medical University and the Third People′s Hospital,Wuxi,Jiangsu province and the Affiliated Hospital,Chinese Medicine University of Heilongjiang and were randomly divided into the control group who were treated by conventional atomization and the treatment group who were treated by traditional techniques of pediatric massage and conventional atomization,both for 3 months.Time of attack of asthma,the incidence of respiratory infection,C-ACT score and maximal expiratory flow(PEF)were recorded both before and after treatment;peripheral venous blood samples were collected to detect the expression intensity of TLR1,TLR2 and TLR4 in Toll-like receptors,TLR.Results After treatment,compared with those in control group,time of attack of asthma and the incidence of respiratory infection in trial group were lower while C-ACT score and PEF%were higher,with significant differences(P<0.05);the therapeutic efficacy between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05);the ANG expression levels(ANG fluorescence intensity)of TLR1,TLR2 and TLR4 in macrophagocyte were stronger in trial group than those in control group,with significance(P<0.05).Conclusion Massage has a certain clinical effectiveness on pediatric asthma during chronic duration.It may improve the clinical symptoms by up-regulating the expression level of TLR1,TLR2 and TLR4 in macrophagocyte.
Asthma;Pediatric tuina;Toll-like receptors;Active mechanism;Treatment outcome
R 562.25
A
10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2015.01.026
2014-09-10;
2014-11-18)
(本文編輯:王鳳微)
國際科技合作計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目 (2013DFG31080);國家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目 (81303046)
063000河北省唐山市,河北聯(lián)合大學(xué)中醫(yī)學(xué)院
李旗,063000河北省唐山市,河北聯(lián)合大學(xué)中醫(yī)學(xué)院;E-mail:liqi19801211@163.com
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