[There be結(jié)構(gòu)]there be意為“某處有某物”。"/>
屈培華
<\\Huxi\劉鄲\2015年湖南版\7~8期\七年級(jí)\喇叭.tif>[There be結(jié)構(gòu)]
there be意為“某處有某物”。如:
There is a park in front of our school. 我們學(xué)校前有個(gè)公園。
there be結(jié)構(gòu)表示“某地存在某物或某人”。它的基本句式為:there be +主語(yǔ)(名詞)+地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),其中there是引導(dǎo)詞,本身無(wú)詞義,也不發(fā)生變化,而真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的名詞,相當(dāng)于:主語(yǔ)(名詞)+ be + 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。如:
There is a restaurant next to the park. 緊挨著公園有個(gè)飯店。
there be結(jié)構(gòu)的一般疑問(wèn)句只需把be動(dòng)詞提前,回答時(shí)根據(jù)主語(yǔ)變化用Yes, there is/ are. 或No, there isnt/ arent. 如:
—Are there any teachers in the office? 辦公室里有老師嗎?
—No, there arent. 不,沒(méi)有。
由there引導(dǎo)的這種結(jié)構(gòu),動(dòng)詞be (is, are)放在主語(yǔ)之前,需與其在數(shù)方面保持一致,主語(yǔ)是不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時(shí)用is,若為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用are。當(dāng)there be結(jié)構(gòu)中有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be應(yīng)與鄰近的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持一致,即“就近原則”。如:
There is a girl and two boys in the classroom. 教室里有一個(gè)女孩和兩個(gè)男孩。
<\\Huxi\劉鄲\2015年湖南版\7~8期\七年級(jí)\喇叭.tif>[一般過(guò)去時(shí)]
句式結(jié)構(gòu)
(1)be動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)的句式:
否定句是在was/ were后面加not;一般疑問(wèn)句是把was/ were提前放到句首。
(2)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)的句式:
① 肯定式:主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+其他
② 否定式:主語(yǔ)+ did not (didnt) +動(dòng)詞原形+其他
③ 一般疑問(wèn)式:Did +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他?
④ 特殊疑問(wèn)式:特殊疑問(wèn)詞+ did +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他?
活動(dòng)環(huán)境
(1)主要用于過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),句中通常有表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ);
(2)表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)?;蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,此時(shí)常與often, always等表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用;
(3)敘述已去世人的情況;
(4)如果有些情況發(fā)生的時(shí)間不是很清楚,但實(shí)際上是過(guò)去發(fā)生的,也應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
(1)yesterday及其構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ);
(2)由“l(fā)ast +時(shí)間名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ);
(3)由“介詞+表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ);
(4)由“一段時(shí)間+ ago”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ);
(5)其他一些表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)。
<\\Huxi\劉鄲\2015年湖南版\7~8期\七年級(jí)\喇叭.tif>[祈使句 ]
祈使句常常用來(lái)表達(dá)命令、請(qǐng)求或者建議。主語(yǔ)“you”通常省略,并且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形。句尾用感嘆號(hào)或句號(hào),讀的時(shí)候用降調(diào)。
(1)肯定句式結(jié)構(gòu):
Be動(dòng)詞+其他成分。如:
Be a good boy! 做個(gè)好孩子!
Let +人(或者人稱代詞的賓格) +動(dòng)詞原形。如:
Let me have a look. 讓我看一看。
其他動(dòng)詞類。如:
Stand up, please! 請(qǐng)起立!
(2)否定句式結(jié)構(gòu):
祈使句的否定句式結(jié)構(gòu)通常是在肯定結(jié)構(gòu)前加Dont。如:
Dont ask me when Im busy! 別在我忙的時(shí)候問(wèn)我!
(3)特殊用法:
即“無(wú)動(dòng)詞祈使句”,常常用于一些表示禁止的標(biāo)語(yǔ)牌上。如:
No parking! 禁止停車!
No smoking! 禁止吸煙!
No swimming! 禁止游泳!
(4)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣的祈使句:Do +動(dòng)詞原形。如:
Do write to me soon! 一定要快點(diǎn)給我寫信呀!
<\\Huxi\劉鄲\2015年湖南版\7~8期\七年級(jí)\喇叭.tif>[現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)]
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或者存在的狀態(tài)。由“系動(dòng)詞be (am, is, are) +動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞(v-ing)”構(gòu)成。其中am, is, are在人稱和數(shù)上要與主語(yǔ)保持一致。
句式結(jié)構(gòu):
肯定式:主語(yǔ) + am/ is/ are + v-ing
否定式:主語(yǔ) + am/ is/ are + not + v-ing
一般疑問(wèn)式及其回答:
Am/ Is/ Are +主語(yǔ)+ v-ing?
Yes, 主語(yǔ)+ am/ is/ are.
No, 主語(yǔ)+ am not/ isnt/ arent.
特殊疑問(wèn)式:特殊疑問(wèn)詞+ am/ is/ are +主語(yǔ)+ v-ing?
判定方法:
(1)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)在多數(shù)情況下是通過(guò)now來(lái)判定的。
(2)以動(dòng)詞Look!或Listen!等開頭的句子,提示我們說(shuō)話時(shí)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。
(3)描述圖片中人物的動(dòng)作時(shí)常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),以示生動(dòng)。
(4)通過(guò)前后的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境、時(shí)間等來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間,也可由特定的語(yǔ)境來(lái)表達(dá)。
<\\Huxi\劉鄲\2015年湖南版\7~8期\七年級(jí)\喇叭.tif>[訓(xùn)練基地]
Ⅰ. 單項(xiàng)選擇。
( )1. Look! The girls ______ cards over there.
A. play B. playing C. is playing D. are playing
( )2. —What are the girls doing?
—They ______.
A. are looking English books B. are seeing a film
C. are listening the music D. watching a film
( )3. ______ weekend, I ______ an old friend in London.
A. Last; visited B. Last; visiting
C. This; visit D. This; am visit
( )4. ______ there a bike and two men under the tree?
A. Is B. Are C. Have D. Has
( )5. —______ take off your coat, Kate. Its cold today.
—OK.
A. Dont B. Cant C. Youd better D. Please
( )6. —______ you in Australia last year?
—Yes, I ______.
A. Were; was B. Were; were C. Was; were D. Was; was
( )7. —How did you ______ the weekend?
—I helped my mother cook food.
A. spend B. to spend C. spending D. spent
( )8. We ______ the end-of-year exam yesterday.
A. have B. had C. are D. are having
( )9. —When ______ you ______ the room?
—Last Monday.
A. do; clean B. did; clean C. are; cleaning D. does; clean
( )10. —______ yesterday?
—It was rainy.
A. How was the weather like B. What was the weather
C. How is the weather D. What was the weather like
Ⅱ. 用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1. I can take Wang Gang there when he ______ (come) to visit.
2. ______ her brother ______ (like) playing football every day?
3. Its nine oclock. His grandfather ______ (lie) in bed.
4. He ______ (have) fun in the Palace Museum yesterday.
5. Many people ______ (run) in the park every Sunday morning.
6. How ______ (be) the weather last winter?
7. On weekdays, when ______ you ______ (get) up?
8. Jims cousin ______ (do) his homework every day. But he ______ (not do) it yesterday.
9. Look! The boy ______ (put) on his sweater by himself.
10. I ______ (buy) a new dictionary the day before yesterday.
11. —______ you ______ (know) the boy over there?
—Which boy?
—The boy who is ______ (sit) near the window of the classroom.
12. I like ______ (read), but I like ______ (go) to the cinema this evening.
13. Would you like ______ (go) to the park this afternoon?
14. Dont ______ (agree) with him. Hes wrong.
15. They ______ (practice) writing at school now.
Keys:
Ⅰ. 1~5 DBAAA 6~10 AABBD
Ⅱ. 1. comes 2. Does; like 3. is lying 4. had
5. run 6. was 7. do; get 8. does; didnt do
9. is putting 10. bought 11. Do; know; sitting 12. reading; to go
13. to go 14. agree 15. are practicing