符良斌,廖天安,王鴻,鄧偉,胡廣偉
口腔癌患者術(shù)后短期細(xì)胞免疫功能的變化
符良斌,廖天安,王鴻,鄧偉,胡廣偉
目的探討口腔癌患者術(shù)后短期細(xì)胞免疫功能的變化。方法選取2014年1月~2015年1月來我科行手術(shù)根治的口腔癌患者27例,術(shù)前均經(jīng)病理證實(shí)為唾液腺癌或鱗狀細(xì)胞癌,通過流式細(xì)胞儀檢測患者在根治手術(shù)前及術(shù)后1~2 w外周血中T淋巴細(xì)胞亞群的變化。另以同期來我院體檢中心體檢的健康人外周血淋巴細(xì)胞亞群檢測結(jié)果作為正常參考值。結(jié)果術(shù)前患者的CD3+細(xì)胞和CD3+CD4+細(xì)胞分別為(65.4±8.6)%和(30.3±6.1)%,均顯著低于正常參考值(P<0.05);但在術(shù)后,隨著時(shí)間延長,CD3+細(xì)胞和CD3+CD4+細(xì)胞呈增加趨勢,術(shù)后2 w分別為(71.4±6.2)%和(36.7±6.5)%,顯著高于術(shù)前(P<0.05)。術(shù)前NK細(xì)胞明顯低于正常參考值,在術(shù)后1 w時(shí)也有所下降,但隨著術(shù)后時(shí)間的延長,NK細(xì)胞的含量有所回升,并逐漸恢復(fù)至正常。術(shù)前患者CD3+CD8+細(xì)胞為(43.9±5.7)%,高于正常參考值(38.4±4.1)%;但在術(shù)后隨時(shí)間延長而下降,在術(shù)后2 w為(40.9± 6.9)%,顯著低于術(shù)前(P<0.05)。CD4+/CD8+細(xì)胞比值在術(shù)前為0.7±0.5,術(shù)后2 w時(shí)為1.5±0.6,顯著高于術(shù)前(P<0.01)。結(jié)論口腔癌患者細(xì)胞免疫功能受到一定的抑制,手術(shù)治療可以有效緩解細(xì)胞免疫抑制作用。
口腔癌;免疫功能;手術(shù)治療
口腔癌是發(fā)生在口腔的惡性腫瘤的總稱,病理表現(xiàn)主要是鱗狀上皮細(xì)胞癌。目前,口腔癌的發(fā)病機(jī)制尚不十分清楚,其治療主要以手術(shù)為主,輔以全身化療和局部放療的綜合治療[1]。然而手術(shù)治療可能影響機(jī)體的免疫功能[2],但是對(duì)細(xì)胞免疫功能的影響尚不完全清楚。本研究探討了口腔癌患者手術(shù)后短期細(xì)胞免疫功能的變化及臨床意義。
1.1 病例資料選取2014年1月~2015年1月來我科行手術(shù)根治的口腔癌患者27例,其中,男性15例,女性12例;年齡32~55(46.2±5.8)歲。均經(jīng)病理檢查證實(shí)為唾液腺癌或鱗狀細(xì)胞癌,其中淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的7例,無轉(zhuǎn)移的20例。
1.2 T淋巴細(xì)胞表型測定所有患者于手術(shù)前和手術(shù)后1 w、2 w采集外周肘靜脈血5ml,肝素抗凝,采用SimuhestTMIMK-Lymphoeyte診斷試劑盒(美國Becton Dickinson公司),小鼠抗人抗體PE-CD25和FITC-CD4(美國Becton Dickinson公司),通過流式細(xì)胞儀(型號(hào):FACSCALIBUR,美國BD公司)檢測淋巴細(xì)胞亞群CD3+細(xì)胞、CD3+CD4+細(xì)胞、CD3+CD8+細(xì)胞、CD3+/CD8+、NK細(xì)胞水平。另以同期來我院體檢中心體檢的健康人外周血淋巴細(xì)胞亞群檢測結(jié)果作為正常參考值。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理所有數(shù)據(jù)采用SPSS19.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。計(jì)量資料以±s表示,組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
術(shù)前患者的CD3+細(xì)胞和CD3+CD4+細(xì)胞均顯著低于正常參考值(P<0.05),但在術(shù)后,隨著時(shí)間延長呈增加趨勢,術(shù)后2 w時(shí)顯著高于術(shù)前(P<0.05),接近正常參考值。術(shù)前NK細(xì)胞明顯低于正常參考值,在術(shù)后1 w時(shí)也有所下降,但隨著術(shù)后時(shí)間的延長,NK細(xì)胞的含量有所回升,并逐漸恢復(fù)至正常。術(shù)前患者CD3+CD8+細(xì)胞高于正常參考值,但在術(shù)后隨時(shí)間延長而下降,在術(shù)后2 w時(shí)顯著低于術(shù)前(P<0.05),接近正常參考值。CD4+/CD8+細(xì)胞比值在術(shù)前低于正常參考值(P<0.05),但在術(shù)后隨時(shí)間延長呈增加趨勢,術(shù)后2 w時(shí)顯著高于術(shù)前(P<0.01),接近正常參考值,見表1。
近年來,口腔癌的發(fā)病率越來越高,而手術(shù)治療是較常見的方法之一,其對(duì)機(jī)體的免疫功能具有復(fù)雜的影響。成熟外周血淋巴細(xì)胞主要由T淋巴細(xì)胞、B細(xì)胞和NK細(xì)胞組成,機(jī)體發(fā)揮正常免疫功能有賴于各類外周血淋巴細(xì)胞之間的平衡。T細(xì)胞免疫是腫瘤免疫的核心[3],可通過對(duì)抗原識(shí)別、處理和釋放效應(yīng)因子發(fā)揮免疫應(yīng)答作用[4]。通過T細(xì)胞分化簇抗原(cluster of differentiation,CD)的不同,可以鑒定T細(xì)胞亞群。T細(xì)胞異常主要表現(xiàn)為T淋巴細(xì)胞亞群表型、活化狀態(tài)異常和T淋巴細(xì)胞亞群數(shù)量及其分布變化,這些異常均可導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞因子分泌紊亂。T細(xì)胞表面共同標(biāo)志是CD3,而CD4和CD8分別是輔助性T細(xì)胞(T helper cell,Th)和細(xì)胞毒性T細(xì)胞(cytotoxic T cell,Tc)的表面標(biāo)志物。CD4/CD8的比值能直接反映機(jī)體T細(xì)胞亞群的紊亂狀態(tài),也間接反映了機(jī)體細(xì)胞的免疫情況。有研究顯示,該比值在2左右波動(dòng)是正常狀態(tài)[5]。
本研究顯示,在手術(shù)前,患者的CD3+細(xì)胞和CD3+CD4+細(xì)胞呈不同程度的下降,而CD3+CD8+細(xì)胞上升,CD4/CD8的比值較小,且偏離正常值,但術(shù)后T細(xì)胞亞群紊亂逐漸恢復(fù)正常。提示術(shù)前患者體內(nèi)的T淋巴細(xì)胞亞群紊亂,輔助性T細(xì)胞嚴(yán)重減少,而細(xì)胞毒性T細(xì)胞增加,機(jī)體對(duì)腫瘤的抵抗作用下降,造成腫瘤細(xì)胞的擴(kuò)散轉(zhuǎn)移;而通過手術(shù)切除腫瘤組織后,機(jī)體的免疫功能有所恢復(fù),但是仍不能達(dá)到正常參考值。這也間接說明了通過手術(shù)可以改善機(jī)體的免疫功能,但要想恢復(fù)健康還需要進(jìn)一步的免疫治療。
NK細(xì)胞能夠直接殺死腫瘤細(xì)胞,且不依賴MHC抗原,其表面的主要標(biāo)志物是CD16和CD56,其中CD56表達(dá)于成熟的NK細(xì)胞表面,而CD16表達(dá)于未成熟NK細(xì)胞表面[6]。有研究顯示,通過檢測CD16或者CD56可以反映NK細(xì)胞的存活狀態(tài),其表達(dá)下降提示NK細(xì)胞作用受到抑制,不能有效發(fā)揮殺傷腫瘤細(xì)胞的作用[7-8]。本研究檢測了CD56表達(dá)的NK細(xì)胞,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)術(shù)前NK細(xì)胞明顯減少,在術(shù)后1 w時(shí)NK細(xì)胞略低于術(shù)前,這可能是由于手術(shù)本身造成的抑制反應(yīng);但在術(shù)后隨著時(shí)間的延長,NK細(xì)胞逐漸恢復(fù)至正常狀態(tài)。
綜上所述,口腔癌患者術(shù)前免疫功能受到抑制,通過手術(shù)可以有效地緩解免疫抑制作用,但是不能根治。在臨床中若能配合免疫治療,對(duì)患者的預(yù)后改善具有積極的作用。
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表1 術(shù)前、術(shù)后患者T淋巴細(xì)胞表型分布(%,n =27)
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Early changes of cellular immune function of patientswith oral cancer after operation
Fu Liangbin,Liao Tianan,Wang Hong,Deng Wei,Hu Guangwei Department of Stomatology,People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou,Hainan,570311,China
Objective To discuss the early changes of cellular immune function of patients with oral cancer after operation.Methods Twenty seven patientswith oral cancer receiving the operation in our department between January 2014 and January 2015 were selected and were all pathologically diagnosed as salivary-gland carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma before the operation.Flow cytometry was used to detect the changes in the peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets of those patients before and one week to two weeks after the operation.Furthermore,the detection results of the peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets in health people who taking health examination in the medical examination center during the same period were chosen as the normal reference values.Results The CD3+cells and CD3+CD4+cells of those patients before the operation were(65.4±8.6)%and(30.3±6.1)%,respectively,which were significantly lower than the normal reference values(P<0.05).However,after the operation,alongwith the increase of time,there was a tendency of increase in CD3+cells and CD3+CD4+cells.Those cellswere(71.4±6.2)%and(36.7±6.5)%two weeks after the operation, which were significantly higher than those before the operation(P<0.05).The preoperative NK cellswere significantly lower than the normal reference value.One week after the operation,those cells decreased,but along with the increase of time,the content rose and gradually returned to the normal level.The preoperative CD3+CD8+cells were(43.9±5.7)%which were higher than the normal reference value[(38.4±4.1)%].Along with the increase of time,those cells decreased and were(40.9±6.9)%two weeks after the operation,which were significantly lower than the values before the operation(P<0.05).The ratio of CD4+to CD8+was 0.7±0.5 before the operation,which was significantly lower than that two weeks after the operation(1.5±0.6)(P<0.01).Conclusion The cellular immune function of the patientswith oral cancer is inhibited to some extent.Operative treatment can effectively alleviate the inhibition.
oral cancer;immune function;operative treatment
R 739.8
A
1004-0188(2015)08-0865-03
10.3969/j.issn.1004-0188.2015.08.018
2015-04-13)
570311??冢D鲜∪嗣襻t(yī)院口腔科
廖天安,E-mail:taliao@163.com