強調(diào)句型考點淺析
金 山 (青海省格爾木市第二中學 816000)
強調(diào)句型是高考中的語法項目,很受命題者的青睞。在歷屆的高考英語中,強調(diào)句型都是一個重要的考點,考試命題者以及廣大的考生們都十分關(guān)注,唯恐有失。本文將就強調(diào)句型的考點進行分析。
高考 強調(diào)句型 考點
在高考英語試卷中,強調(diào)句已經(jīng)成為高考熱點。命題者加大了對句子結(jié)構(gòu)復雜程度和知識面的考查,同時注重考查知識之間的交叉和語法知識的力度,這就要求我們在平時的復習和備考中注意總結(jié),全面把握,深入研究。
強調(diào)句型的結(jié)構(gòu)是:it be+被強調(diào)部分+that(強調(diào)句型中不用when,where,what等,但是如果被強調(diào)的是人可以用who/whom)+其余的部分。一個句子除了不能強調(diào)謂語和定語以外,其他成分都可強調(diào),被強調(diào)的部分可以是主語、賓語和狀語等。
以I met him on the street last night.為例。
1.強調(diào)主語
It was I that who met him on the street last night.
就是我昨天晚上在街上遇見了他。
2.強調(diào)賓語
It was him that I met on the street last night.
我昨晚在街上遇到的就是他。
3.強調(diào)地點狀語
It was on the street that I met him last night.
昨晚我就是在街上遇到了他。
4.強調(diào)時間狀語
It was last night that I met him on the street.
就是昨天晚上我在街上遇到了他。
此外,還可以強調(diào)原因或方式狀語。例如:
It was because he was ill that he did not attend the meeting.
因為他病了,才沒來參加會議。
It was on foot that he arrived at the village the other day.
那天他就是步行到達了那個村莊。
強調(diào)句型的強調(diào)部分必須是對that/ who之后句子的某一成分表示強調(diào),如果把“It is (was)…that”去掉,該句應(yīng)該意思完整,不缺任何句子成分。
1.如果強調(diào)句型指現(xiàn)在或未來情況用it is,指過去情況用it was.
Was it her that you referred to?
你指的就是她嗎?
2.被強調(diào)部分往往是句子的主語、賓語、時間狀語和地點狀語,但有時也可以強調(diào)比較復雜的內(nèi)容,如時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、原因狀語從句及not until…,not only…but also…,as well as…等結(jié)構(gòu)。
It was because he missed the early bus that he was late for conference.
就是因為錯過了早班車他開會才遲到了。
3.被強調(diào)部分是人稱代詞時,原句用什么格,強調(diào)句也用什么格。
It was we who respected all our teachers.
最尊重我們老師的就是我們。
4.關(guān)于強調(diào)句型的選用,強調(diào)人時可用who或that;如果不強調(diào)人一律用that.此時絕不能和定語從句混淆,被強調(diào)部分為時間狀語、地點狀語或者原因狀語時不能用when,where或why.
It was in this school that I studied English for three years.
就是在這所學校我學了三年英語。
It was this school where I studied English for three years.(定語從句)
這就是我學了三年英語的學校。
It was on October 1,1949 that the Peopleˊs Republic of China was founded.(強調(diào)句)
就是在1949年的10月1日中華人民共和國成立了。
It was October 1,1949 when the People's Republic of China was founded.(時間狀語從句)
當中華人民共和國成立的時候是1949年10月1日。
強調(diào)句型的一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)為:Is / Was…who/that…?
Was is it that silver is not widely used as a conductor?
究竟是因為什么銀不能作為導體呢?
在對not…until引導的時間狀語從句進行強調(diào)時,主句要用正序。比較下列三個句子:
1.She did not remember her appointment with the doctor until she had arrived home.
2.Not until she had arrived home did she remember her appointment with the doctor.
3.It was not until she had arrived home that she remember her appointment with the doctor.
句式特征為:It is/was+被強調(diào)部分+that…,isn't/wasn't it?
It was Alice and her boyfriend who sent the old man to the hospital,wasn't it?
這種情況下疑問句中的主語與強調(diào)句型中的主語it保持一致,不能和被強調(diào)部分中的名詞或代詞保持一致,并要遵循“前肯定后否定”的原則。
(責編 齊真)